ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERCEIVED ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION AND HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL LATINO & ASIAN AMERICAN STUDY (NLAAS)

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. SIORDIA ◽  
Y.D. COVINGTON-WARD
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
American Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Perception ◽  
Perceived Ethnic Discrimination

Background: The field of aging studies continues to better understand between-racial-group health disparities. Previous work provides empirical evidence for a statistical relationship between perceived discrimination and adverse health across all age groups. Specific Aim: We contribute to the literature by investigating the quantitative relationship between Perceived Ethnic Discrimination (PED), Self-Rated Physical Health (SR-PH), Self-Rated Mental Health (SR-MH), and their combined score (SR-PH-MH). Setting & Design:The cross-sectional observational study used data collected between 2002 and 2004 from the National Latino and Asian American Study (n=4,559; average age=41; 54% female; 18% Mexican; 36% Non-Mexican Latinos; 12% Chinese; 31% Non-Chinese Asians). We provide descriptive statistics for those below and at or above age 65. Results: Multivariable linear models adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, body mass index, and neighborhood perception provide evidence that although a small effect, PED explains between-people variance in SR-PH (β=-0.01; α=0.001), SR-MH (β=-0.03; α=0.001), and SR-PH-MH (β=-0.04; α=0.001). Conclusions: The analysis supports arguments that PED has a non-random association with health. As we continue to explore novel measures of frailty, markers of social stress should be considered.

scholarly journals Unfair Treatment, Racial/Ethnic Discrimination, Ethnic Identification, and Smoking Among Asian Americans in the National Latino and Asian American Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Chae ◽  
David T. Takeuchi ◽  
Elizabeth M. Barbeau ◽  
Gary G. Bennett ◽  
Jane Lindsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
American Study ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Taste function in children: normative values and associated factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam van den Brink ◽  
Irene IJpma ◽  
Marta Fiocco ◽  
Wim J. E. Tissing ◽  
Remco C. Havermans
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
List Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Taste Strips ◽  
Taste Dysfunction

Abstract Background Although less frequent than in adults, taste loss also occurs in childhood. “Taste Strips” are frequently used for diagnosing taste dysfunction; however, normative values are lacking for children. In this study, we will create normative values for the “Taste Strips” in children. Methods This cross-sectional study included 609 children aged 6–15 years. “Taste Strips” were used to determine sweet, sour, salty, and bitter taste scores by a non-forced procedure. The 10th percentile was used to distinguish normal taste function from a reduced sense of taste. Multivariable generalized linear models (GLM) were estimated to study the effect of age (group), sex, and 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) status on taste function. Results Taste function changed with age, allowing for a distinction of three age groups: (I) 6–7 years, (II) 8–9 years, and (III) 10–15 years. Normative values were created for the age groups and boys and girls separately. Additionally, GLM showed a significant effect of (1) age (group) on sweet, salty, bitter, and total taste scores; (2) sex on sweet, sour, and total taste scores; and (3) PROP status on total taste scores. Conclusions This study provided normative values for the “Taste Strips” in children, highlighting age- and sex-related differences. Impact Taste dysfunction can be harmful and impacts quality of life, a topic that became increasingly important since the COVID-19 pandemic. Although taste dysfunction is thought to be rare in childhood, the detrimental impact of such dysfunction might be large, as children’s eating habits are strongly influenced by input from the chemical senses. Measuring taste function may elucidate the relationship between taste dysfunction and disease, fostering the development of more appropriate supportive strategies. However, adequate tools are lacking for children. Normative values of the “Taste Strips” are now available for children, which bolster the clinical utility of this test.

scholarly journals Prediction of Medical Costs in a Health Insurance Carrier according to Risk Profiles and Uses by its Affiliates

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Herrera Medina ◽  
Jaime Lee ◽  
Ferney Herrera Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Insurance Carrier ◽  
Statistical Criteria

Objective: To find a model of prediction of the medical cost of a Health Benefits Management Company (EAPB) with adequate statistical criteria. Methods: A Cross-sectional study with retrospective follow-up of the use of health services in an EAPB during a one-year period. The sampling frame consisted of a population of 1,529,188 affiliates who were assigned to a primary care IPS group. By simple random sampling size was estimated at 190,917 users. The dependent variable was the cost of the services used deflated to the year 2013. As independent variables besides the traditional sociodemographic variables chosen in this type of prediction models, variables of the insurance were added; Variables of risk management (inclusion or not in promotion and prevention program) and of comorbidities. Results: Simple Linear Regression modeling showed errors of inappropriate statistical criteria such as violating the principle of normality in cost errors. The Generalized Linear Models, proposed to estimate POS average costs, have an appropriate goodness of fit and evaluated with small Deviations and minimum Akaike criterion (AIC) compared to other models of the exponential family Conclusions: The appropriate statistical model to predict medical costs was the Generalized Linear Model with two parts segmented by age groups and gender. This research suggests that to estimate the benefit premium of any EAPB, besides socio-demographic variables, insurance variables, membership or not in promotion programs and risk prevention and/or management and the burden of disease of that population should be used.

scholarly journals Is chronic low back pain a risk factor for diabetes? The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Heuch ◽  
Ivar Heuch ◽  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd ◽  
Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the risk of diabetes associated with the presence or absence of chronic low back pain, considering both cross-sectional and cohort data.Research design and methodsAnalyses were based on the Norwegian HUNT2 and HUNT3 surveys of Nord-Trøndelag County. The prevalence of diabetes was compared in groups with and without chronic low back pain among 45 157 participants aged 30–69 years. Associations between low back pain at baseline and risk of diabetes were examined in an 11-year follow-up of 30 380 individuals with no baseline diagnosis of diabetes. The comorbidity between diabetes and low back pain was assessed at the end of follow-up. All analyses were carried out considering generalized linear models incorporating adjustment for other relevant risk factors.ResultsCross-sectional analyses did not reveal any association between low back pain and diabetes. With adjustment for age, body mass index, physical activity and smoking, the cohort study of women showed a significant association between low back pain at baseline and risk of diabetes (RR 1.30; 95%  CI 1.09 to 1.54, p=0.003). The association differed between age groups (p=0.015), with a stronger association in relatively young women. In men, no association was found in the whole age range (RR 1.02; 95%  CI 0.86 to 1.21, p=0.82). No association was observed between diabetes and chronic low back pain at the end of follow-up.ConclusionAmong younger women, those with chronic low back pain may have an increased risk of diabetes.

scholarly journals Parity is associated with increased thyroid volume solely among smokers in an area with moderate to mild iodine deficiency

2002 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Knudsen ◽  
I Bulow ◽  
P Laurberg ◽  
L Ovesen ◽  
H Perrild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Association Design

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy has been suggested as part of the explanation of the gender difference in the prevalence of goitre, but opposing results have been reported on the association between pregnancy and goitre. We investigated the association between parity and thyroid volume and a possible impact of iodine deficiency and tobacco smoking on this association. DESIGN: A comparative, cross-sectional study of 3712 women randomly sampled from the general population in two geographical areas with moderate and mild iodine deficiency. METHODS: The participants answered questionnaires with an obstetric anamnesis, and ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed. Data were analysed in linear models and logistic regression analysis to adjust for age, iodine status, use of oral contraceptives and smoking habits. Women with present or recent pregnancies were excluded from the analyses. RESULTS: A higher thyroid volume was found among parous than among nulliparous women (P=0.007). The association between parity and thyroid volume was strongest in the youngest age groups, in the region with the most severe iodine deficiency, and among smokers. No association was found between parity and the prevalence of solitary or multiple thyroid nodules. Number of births, age at menarche or menopause, the number of fertile years, and age at first childbirth were not associated with thyroid volume. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy increases thyroid volume, particularly when combined with tobacco smoking and iodine deficiency. The effect is probably reversible seen over a spectrum of several years.

scholarly journals Responsive Feeding Is Associated With Minimum Dietary Diversity in Rural Areas of Peru, Nicaragua and Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 682-682
Author(s):  
Rebecca Robert ◽  
Hilary Creed-Kanashiro ◽  
Margot Marin ◽  
Mary Penny
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

Abstract Objectives Responsive feeding, the age and developmentally appropriate interactions between caregivers and their infants and young children (IYC) 6–23 months, is a critical component of complementary feeding to promote healthy growth and development. Survey questions were developed to represent four dimensions of responsive feeding: 1) opportunities for child self-feeding, 2) talking positively with the child during mealtime, 3) encouraging a child who has not eaten enough, and 4) appropriate response to child refusal (ProPAN, PAHO, 2013). In this study we examined responsive feeding, dichotomized as high or low, and its association with the IYC WHO indicator minimum dietary diversity (MDD) in three countries: Peru, Nicaragua and Indonesia. Methods Cross-sectional surveys were administered by trained enumerators as part of a program evaluation to a random sample of households with IYC 6–23 months in largely rural, poor areas of Peru, Nicaragua and Indonesia where malnutrition was prevalent. Among the topics included were responsive feeding, dietary intake, health and demographics. From a possible score of -1 to + 4, low responsive feeding was considered -1 to 2 and high responsive feeding 3 to 4. Analysis by country included descriptive statistics of responsive feeding by IYC age group and generalized linear models with a logit link. Results Among the sample of 2273 IYC, the proportion of caregivers with high responsive feeding scores were similar across countries: 26.5% in Indonesia, 31.6% in Nicaragua and 30.6% in Peru. When examined by age group, a larger percentage of younger IYC (6–8 months) had higher responsive feeding scores than older age groups (9–11 and 12–23 months) across countries. MDD differed considerably by country: 92.1% in Peru, 52.1% in Nicaragua, and 17.1% in Indonesia. In country specific multivariate models, high responsive feeding was associated with achieving MDD in all three countries, controlling for child age and other variables. Conclusions Responsive feeding is an important component of complementary feeding and these results suggest a positive association between responsive feeding and MDD in three diverse settings. These results provide promising evidence to encourage interventions that promote responsive feeding as part of key feeding practices for caregivers of IYC. Funding Sources CARE USA; Sigma Theta Tau International.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities in self-reported dental and general health in a Norwegian county study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Lyshol ◽  
A Sen ◽  
T Natland Fagerhaug ◽  
A Jullumstrø Feuerhern ◽  
G Jakhelln ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Education ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background Studies have shown socioeconomic gradients in both dental health and general health, with poorer health in lower-socioeconomic status (SES) groups than in their higher-SES counterparts. We wanted to see if these gradients were present in our study population according to educational differences, and whether age or gender would have effect. Methods In 2015-16 a cross-sectional interview survey was carried out in three of Norway's then 19 counties. Questions about dental and general health were included. The respondents' educational level was available from linkages to the national education registry. 4551 men and 5141 women responded; a response rate of 42.7%. We included respondents aged 25-79. We compared the percentages reporting good/very good dental and general health by degree of education according to ISCED classification (0-2, 3-4 and 5-6) across the age groups 25-44, 45-66 and 67-79; by gender and county, in a regression with general linear models in STATA 15 Results Clear educational gradients were found for both general and dental health. Stratifying by gender and county, we found more consistent age gradients for general health than for dental health, and consistent educational gradients for both. Both general and dental health were expected to deteriorate with age, and age was weakly associated with dental health. In regression analyses, general health was (negatively) associated with age (RR 1.04, CI 1.02-1.07) and (positively) associated with education (RR 0.92, CI 0.89-0.94), but not with gender. Dental health was not associated with age, but with education (RR 0.93, CI 0.91-0.96). Conclusions Self-reported dental health varied more by education than by age, and showed clear gradients only by education. There were county variations, but the oldest people with the highest education reported better health, both dental and general, than the youngest people with the lowest education. This may be connected to other socio-economic differences. Key messages There is often a gradient for age within each educational group regarding general health, but more rarely so regarding dental health. Education has a stronger influence on both dental health and general health than age.

scholarly journals Force of infection of Middle East respiratory syndrome in dromedary camels in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Gardner ◽  
S. Kiambi ◽  
R. Sitawa ◽  
D. Kelton ◽  
J. Kimutai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Age Independent

Abstract Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic disease transmitted from dromedary camels to people, which can result in outbreaks with human-to-human transmission. Because it is a subclinical infection in camels, epidemiological measures other than prevalence are challenging to assess. This study estimated the force of infection (FOI) of MERS-CoV in camel populations from age-stratified serological data. A cross-sectional study of MERS-CoV was conducted in Kenya from July 2016 to July 2017. Seroprevalence was stratified into four age groups: <1, 1–2, 2–3 and >3 years old. Age-independent and age-dependent linear and quadratic generalised linear models were used to estimate FOI in pastoral and ranching camel herds. Models were compared based on computed AIC values. Among pastoral herds, the age-dependent quadratic FOI was the best fit model, while the age-independent FOI was the best fit for the ranching herd data. FOI provides an indirect estimate of infection risk, which is especially valuable where direct estimates of incidence and other measures of infection are challenging to obtain. The FOIs estimated in this study provide important insight about MERS-CoV dynamics in the reservoir species, and contribute to our understanding of the zoonotic risks of this important public health threat.

Neighborhood Ethnic Composition and Perceived Discrimination Among Young Adult Latina/os: The Mediating Role of Ethnic Centrality

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-343
Author(s):  
Gabriel Camacho ◽  
Aerielle M. Allen ◽  
Diane M. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residential Community ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Perceived Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Perceived Experiences

This study examines whether neighborhood ethnic composition (i.e., percentage of Latina/os residing in a given residential community) predicts greater perceived experiences of ethnic discrimination and whether this direct effect is mediated by ethnic centrality (i.e., perceived importance of ethnicity for one’s identity). In a cross-sectional study, 237 self-identified young adult Latina/os reported their five-digit zip codes and sociodemographic information and completed measures of ethnic centrality and perceived ethnic discrimination. A mediation analysis revealed that neighborhood ethnic composition indirectly predicted perceived ethnic discrimination through its effect on ethnic centrality even when accounting for known sociodemographic predictors of perceived discrimination, b = 0.28, SE = .18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.03, 0.71]. These results provide initial evidence that where young adult Latina/os live and grow up impacts the extent to which they find their ethnicity to be an essential part of their identity and, consequently, their perceived frequency of experiencing ethnic discrimination.

Abstract P074: Heterogeneity In Proportional Mortality Due To Atherosclerosis By Age Amongst Asian Americans

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhyuday Chauhan ◽  
Deepak R Nair ◽  
Dhananjay Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
Proportional Mortality

Background: Asian American subgroups (AAS) differ amongst one another in terms of proportion of mortality (PM) due to atherosclerosis disease (ASD). However, differences in PM based on early onset (35-64 years) and older age (≥65 years) ASD deaths within each subgroup have not been well studied. Methods: US resident death records were examined from 2017 mortality data (National Center for Health Statistics). Race/ethnicity and underlying ASD cause (ICD-10 code of ischemic heart disease I20-I25, ischemic stroke I69, atherosclerosis I70, respectively) were tabulated for Asian-American subgroups and major US race/ethnicities (listed in Table). Age and sex standardized PM percentage was calculated overall for each ethnicity and separately for early and older age deaths within each ethnic group. The age by ethnicity interaction was tested using general linear models. Results: Over all ages, Filipinos and Asian Indians had the highest ASD PM while Vietnamese and Japanese had the lowest ASD PM, with other groups being intermediate. Compared with NHW, ASD PM was high in both age groups for Asian Indians and Filipino, while age difference PM in these ethnic groups was no different when compared to NHW – suggesting early and persistently high ASD. In contrast, Amerindians, Hispanics, Koreans and Chinese when compared to NHW had a low early age ASD PM, increasing significantly at older ages, suggesting the mortality burden is mostly at older ages. Conclusion: AAS are heterogeneous in terms of the overall burden of percent ASD mortality and the age at which it predominates. Asian Indians and Filipinos had the highest PM burden due to ASD over all ages, premature and older. On the other hand, premature ASD mortality burden was lowest in Koreans and Chinese amongst the AAS with a disproportionate increase in death in the elderly population. AAS subgroups need different strategies for prevention, with Asian Indians and Filipinos being targeted earlier in their life course.

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