scholarly journals Characterization, pathogenicity and anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani from watermelon

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-717
Author(s):  
Kecia Mayara De Araújo Galvão ◽  
Fábio Sanchez da Cunha ◽  
Francine Hiromi Ishikawa ◽  
Antonio Elton da Silva Costa ◽  
Alexandre Sandri Capucho
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Hyphal Fusion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Mycelial Compatibility

The objective of this study was to characterize the morphological and pathogenic variation of Rhizoctonia solani isolates as well as to determine mycelial compatibility and hyphal fusion. The R. solani isolates CMM1053, CMM2967, CMM1052, CMM2983, CMM2971 and CMM3890 from watermelon were used. The determination of aggressiveness was evaluated using the six isolates inoculated in the Crimson Sweet susceptible cultivar in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replicates, the sample unit consisting of one plant. The experiment of mycelial growth rate was installed in the factorial scheme, 6 isolates x 3 culture media, using the following culture media Nutrient Agar, PDA and PSA, and a total of 5 replicates. The color characterization and sclerotia formation was performed 15 days after the fungal inoculation in each culture medium. For the characterization of vegetative compatibility and occurrence of hyphal fusion, the experiments were performed in CDR with three and two replicates, respectively. CMM1053 and CMM1052 isolates were the most aggressive; however, they were statistically different only from CMM2967 isolate. The PSA medium was the most promising for the mycelial growth. It was possible to observe that there was variability in the colonies color, being higher in the Nutrient Agar medium. Based on evaluations of vegetative compatibility and hyphal fusion, the six isolates belong to the same anastomosis group.

scholarly journals Rhizoctonia solani Anastomosis Group 3 is Predominant in Potato Tubers in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 1245-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Woodhall ◽  
B. Lutomirska ◽  
J. C. Peters ◽  
P. S. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Hyphal Fusion ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Potato Crops

Rhizoctonia solani is a species complex of 13 related but genetically distinct anastomosis groups (AGs). In potato, R. solani can infect the stems, stolons, and roots, resulting in quantitative losses. It can also cause qualitative losses through blemishes occurring on progeny tubers, such as black scurf and elephant hide (corky cracking). Knowledge of the AG in local populations is important because they differ in host range, fungicide sensitivity, and disease severity (2). To determine the AGs present in Poland, 54 tuber samples displaying typical R. solani symptoms were taken from six different fields in 2011. The fields were representative of five different administrative regions of Poland and from at least 10 different varieties. Rhizoctonia was isolated from tubers by placing symptomatic material on to tap water agar amended with streptomycin and penicillin and after 2 to 3 days Rhizoctonia colonies were identified and hyphal tips of these transferred to potato dextrose agar. Rhizoctonia was successfully isolated from 48 tubers displaying black scurf and two tubers displaying elephant hide symptoms. DNA was extracted from Rhizoctonia cultures using a Wizard Food kit (Promega) and the AG was determined using specific real-time PCR assays (1). All Rhizoctonia isolates were determined to be AG3 and this was confirmed for 10 selected isolates by observing hyphal fusion with a known AG3 tester isolate (Rs08) as described previously (3). Pairings were also conducted amongst the 10 Polish isolates, C2 reactions were typically observed indicating numerous vegetative compatible groups are present. This study shows that AG3 is likely to be the predominant AG in potato tubers in Poland. This is similar to other studies in Europe, which have all determined that AG3 accounts for at least 92% of isolates from potato (2,3). AG2-1, 4, and 5 have also been found in tubers worldwide and climate and certain crop rotations can influence the presence of these other AGs in potato tubers (2). However, climate and crop rotations in Poland are similar to other parts of Europe so the predominance of AG3 is expected. AG3 was also isolated from elephant hide symptoms; however, it was more frequently isolated from sclerotia. The ability of AG3 to prolifically produce sclerotia and thereby survive on seed tubers may explain its predominance in potato crops (4). Therefore, studies focusing on the management of Rhizoctonia potato disease in Poland should consider AG3 in the first instance. References: (1) G. E. Budge et al. Plant Pathol. 58:1071, 2009. (2) L. Tsror. J. Phytopathol. 158:649, 2010. (3) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 56:286, 2007. (4) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 57:5, 2008.

Phosphite-based Products in the In vitro Colletotrichum musae Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Maria Luísa Mendes Rodrigues ◽  
Edson Hiydu Mizobutsi ◽  
Paola Junayra Lima Prates ◽  
Paula Virgínia Leite Duarte ◽  
Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
State University ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Colletotrichum Musae ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Vitro Effect

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of different phosphite formulations and concentrations on the development of Colletotrichum musae. Sample: to evaluate the inhibition of germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Colletotrichum musae. Study Design:  Treatments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with 4 replicates, each replicate consisting of 1 Petri dish. Place and Duration of Study:  Laboratory of Post-Harvest Pathology, State University of Montes Claros, between March and October 2017. Methodology: Three different phosphite formulations were used: FCu1 (4% Cu + 20% P2O5), FCu2 (4% Cu + 22% P2O5) at concentrations of 0.5;1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mL L-1 and FK (42% P2O5 + 27.7% K2O) at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mg.L-1. Products were incorporated into the respective culture media. Culture medium alone and culture medium + imazalil were used as controls. Petri dishes were housed in BOD chamber at 25°C under a 12 hours photoperiod. Results: Results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, and means were compared by the Tukey test (P <0.05). Control was compared to the other treatments by the Dunnet's test (P <0.05). Among the tested phosphite formulations, copper and potassium phosphites were found to reduce the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum musae. FCu2 presents a fungicide-like effect from the concentration of 0.5 m.L-1 in the control of conidia production. As for the FCu1, a fungicide-like effect was observed in the control of germination from the concentration of 1.5 mL.L-1. Conclusion: A significant fungistatic effect was observed between the concentrations of the products in the mycelial growth, sporulation and germination obtaining control of up to 100% of the development of C. musae. Copper phosphites were as effective as fungicide in inhibiting fungal development.

scholarly journals First Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4-HG-II on Garden Pink in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1287-1287
Author(s):  
E. R. Wright ◽  
M. C. Rivera ◽  
K. Asciutto ◽  
L. Gasoni
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
American Phytopathological Society ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
First Report

During 2001, basal stem rot, wilt, and plant death were observed on 30% of the plants in a crop of Dianthus plumarius L. ‘Telstar’ in Buenos Aires. Pieces of diseased stems ≈1 cm long were surface-disinfested in 2% NaOCl for 1 min and cultured on 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA), pH 7, at 22 to 24°C. After 7 days, an identical fungus was consistently isolated from pieces of infected tissue. Colonies initially were white, turned brown after 2 to 3 days, and eventually formed irregularly shaped sclerotia. Cultures exhibited morphological characteristics typical of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (2) and were identified with known anastomosis group tester isolates (1). Positive anastomosis was observed with tester strains of R. solani AG-4-HG-II. One isolate was tested for pathogenicity by placing two pieces of PDA (1 cm2) containing 7-day-old mycelial growth ≈0.5 cm from the base of healthy 2-month-old plants. Control plants were treated with sterile pieces of PDA using the same procedures. Ten replicate plants were used for each treatment. Plants were maintained at 22 to 24°C under 95 to 100% relative humidity and a 12-h light/dark photoperiod. After 7 days, symptoms developed that were similar to those originally observed, and Koch's postulates were satisfied by reisolating the fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani AG4-HG-II causing disease on D. plumarius in Argentina. References: (1) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1991. (2) C. C. Tu and J. W. Kimbrough. Mycologia 65:941, 1973.

scholarly journals First report of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG 2-2 LP in Zoyzia japonica Steud in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Maria Aurea Saboya Chiaradia Picarelli ◽  
Flavia Rodrigues Alves Patricio ◽  
Ricardo Harakava ◽  
Eliana Borges Rivas ◽  
Addolorata Colariccio
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Large Patch ◽  
First Report ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Rdna Its Region ◽  
Important Disease

ABSTRACT The use of cultivated grasses in Brazil has grown by 40% between 2010 and 2015, and the species Zoysia japonica Steud, especially the cultivar ‘Esmeralda’, corresponds to 81% of the grass market in the country. The most important disease affecting zoysia grass, known as large patch, is caused by Rhizoctonia solani and occurs in the Brazilian lawns particularly during winter months. The aim of this study was to contribute to the identification and characterization of the anastomosis group of R. solani isolates from lesions typical of large patch collected from ‘Esmeralda’ grass at gardens and golf courses in the states of São Paulo and Bahia, Brazil. All 12 obtained isolates presented dark-brown colonies with aerial mycelial growth, multinucleated hyphae and absence of concentric zonation or sclerotia, and showed their greatest mycelial growth rate at 25°C. In pathogenicity experiments, except three out of R. solani isolates, reduced the growth of zoysia grass. Based on the analysis of sequences of the rDNA-ITS region, the isolates clustered with reference isolates of the anastomosis group AG 2-2 LP. Phylogenetic inference showed that the Brazilian isolates are grouped into two clades that shared the same common ancestral with 96% bootstrap. One of the clades includes only Brazilian isolates while the other one also includes American and Japanese R. solani isolates AG 2-2 LP. This is the first report and characterization of R. solani AG 2-2 LP in zoysiagrass in Brazil.

Evaluation of Microbial Load from Canned Soya Milk Drinks in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Nur Amalina binti Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf bin Redzuan ◽  
Muhamad Hazim bin Zuraimi ◽  
Muhamad Shuhaimi bin Shuib ◽  
Shahnaz Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Soya Milk ◽  
Two Samples

Objective: Owing to the habit of consuming ready food among the citizens of Malaysia a study was conducted to evaluate 20 samples of canned soya milk for the presence of possible microbial content. The samples were collected randomly from shopping malls, restaurants and kiosk in Ipoh Malaysia. Methods: All samples collected across Ipoh, were subjected to test for presence bacteria in nutrient agar, blood agar and macConkey media. The possible microbial load was swapped from surface and soya milk content with a sterile cotton and streaked on nutrient agar, blood agar and macConkey culture media. The streaked petri plates were incubated for 48 hours at 37oC. Results: The study revealed negative microbial growth in all except two samples from the surface and soya milk content collected from a restaurant in nutrient agar and blood agar medium. The presence of microbes was conformed as gram positive staphylococcus sp. through gram staining. The positive growth may be imputed to poor storage condition at the restaurant. Conclusion: It can be computed from the study that the majority of the samples were free from bacterial growth, suggesting strong in house quality control mechanism at the processing unit and exquisite storage conditions in malls and kiosk suggesting that soya milk available in malls and kiosk are fit for human consumption.

Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anggrek Dendrobium anosmum Pada Media Kultur In Vitro Dengan Beberapa Konsentrasi Air Kelapa

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tuhuteru ◽  
Meity L Hehanussa ◽  
Simon H.T Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Dendrobium anosmum is one of natural orchids in Indonesia. Optimization of medium composition for orchid propagation through in vitro culture is necessary to enhance propagule multiplication capabilities and quality. This study was aimed to study the influence of concentration of coconut water in culture medium on in vitro growth and development of D. anosmum orchid species and to determine the optimal coconut water concentration in culture media.  The experiment were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and eight replications. The treatments consisted of the addition of coconut water with concentrations: 0 ml•l -1 (control), 50 ml•l-1, 100 ml•l-1 and 150 ml•l-1. The results showed that addition of coconut water in culture medium gave different effect on shoot growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids.  Coconut water concentration of 100 ml•l-1 was the best concentration for growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids, based on both shoots and roots growth, plantlet height and wet weight.

scholarly journals Induction of Soil Suppressiveness Against Rhizoctonia solani by Incorporation of Dried Plant Residues into Soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1372-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kasuya ◽  
Andriantsoa R. Olivier ◽  
Yoko Ota ◽  
Motoaki Tojo ◽  
Hitoshi Honjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness

Suppressive effects of soil amendment with residues of 12 cultivars of Brassica rapa on damping-off of sugar beet were evaluated in soils infested with Rhizoctonia solani. Residues of clover and peanut were tested as noncruciferous controls. The incidence of damping-off was significantly and consistently suppressed in the soils amended with residues of clover, peanut, and B. rapa subsp. rapifera ‘Saori’, but only the volatile substance produced from water-imbibed residue of cv. Saori exhibited a distinct inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of R. solani. Nonetheless, disease suppression in such residue-amended soils was diminished or nullified when antibacterial antibiotics were applied to the soils, suggesting that proliferation of antagonistic bacteria resident to the soils were responsible for disease suppression. When the seed (pericarps) colonized by R. solani in the infested soil without residues were replanted into the soils amended with such residues, damping-off was suppressed in all cases. In contrast, when seed that had been colonized by microorganisms in the soils containing the residues were replanted into the infested soil, damping-off was not suppressed. The evidence indicates that the laimosphere, but not the spermosphere, is the site for the antagonistic microbial interaction, which is the chief principle of soil suppressiveness against Rhizoctonia damping-off.

scholarly journals Growth and sporulation of Metarhizium flavoviride var. Flavoviride on culture media and lighting regimes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sideney Becker Onofre ◽  
Cindia Mara Miniuk ◽  
Neiva Monteiro de Barros ◽  
João Lúcio Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Metarhizium Flavoviride ◽  
Conidia Production

Entomopathogenic fungi from the genus Metarhizium are largely used for the biological control of agricultural pests by conidia spreading on the field. Although conidia production is well studied in M. anisopliae, only few research studies were done in M. flavoviride. The present work was carried out alming to evaluate the Mycelial growth and sporulation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride var. flavoviride growing at 27 ± 2°C on Potato-dextrose-agar (PDA), Czapek-agar (CZP) and a complete agar medium (CM) under three lighting regimes, (continuous illumination, light/dark cycle and an black light/dark cycle) were investigated. A completely randomized 3 × 3 (culture media × lighting regime) factorial design with four replicates was used. The best mycelial growth and sporulation occurred on the PDA and CM media under continuous illumination (P <= 0,05).

scholarly journals Fungicidal effect of silver nanoparticles on toxigenic fungi in cocoa

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1929-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Villamizar-Gallardo ◽  
Johann Faccelo Osma Cruz ◽  
Oscar Orlando Ortíz-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbicidal effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on potentially toxigenic fungi affecting cocoa (Theobroma cacao) crops. These fungi, isolated from diseased cocoa pods, were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. The microbicidal effect was assessed by measuring radial mycelial growth, in synthetic culture media, and at different AgNP concentrations in plant tissues. The inhibition effect was monitored in Petri dishes, and changes in fungal structures were observed through scanning electron microscopy. Two potentially toxigenic fungi were highly prevalent: Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani. The inhibition assays, performed in liquid and solid synthetic culture media, showed that AgNPs did not significantly affect the growth of these fungi, even at the highest concentration (100 ppm). By contrast, they showed a positive inhibitory effect in plant tissues, especially in the cortex, when infected with A. flavus, in which an 80 ppm dose completely inhibited fungal growth. However, once fungi have managed to penetrate inside the pods, their growth is unavoidable, and AgNP effect is reduced. On F. solani, the studied nanomaterial only induced some texture and pigmentation changes. The microbicidal effect of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles is greater in plant tissues than in culture media.

scholarly journals Pengaruh C/N Rasio Berbeda untuk Pembentukan Bioflok pada Media Pemeliharaan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Betok (Anabas testudineus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Indra Wahyu Pratama ◽  
Dade Jubaedah ◽  
Mohamad Amin
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Climbing Perch ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Biofloc Technology ◽  
Absolute Length

Pratama et al, 2018. The Effect of Different C/N Ratio in for Biofloc of Formation Culture Media to the Growth and Survival Rate of Juvenile Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus). JLSO 7(1): Climbing perch fish resources still have a problem due to this fish is still obtained only through capture and also the growth of climbing perch fish is slow. The solutions to increase the growth of the climbing perch fish is by applying biofloc technology for climbing perch fish culture. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of different C/N ratio on the growth of climbing perch fish (Anabas testudineus) juvenille with biofloc farming system. This research used a completely randomized design consist of four treatments and three replications. The treatments were without molase (P0), molase with C/N ratio 15 (P1), C/N 20 (P2) and C/N ratio 25 (P3). The results showed that C / N ratio 20 was the best treatment with absolute length of growth of 1.33 cm, absolute growth of weight 1.92 g, survival rate of 99.17% and feed efficiency 138.06%.

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