Caracterização da diversidade genética de acessos de ave-do-paraíso

This study aimed to characterize genetic diversity in the bird-of-paradise (Strelitzia reginae) collection at the Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Carlos Alberto Reyes Maldonado (UNEMAT) by estimating genetic divergence among genotypes based on agronomic characteristics. Seven agronomic characters were evaluated with average Euclidean distance. The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) hierarchical clustering method was used between groups, as well as Tocher’s optimization clustering method and principal component analysis (PCA), in order to classify the genotypes with maximum similarity between groups. Measures of genetic dissimilarity with average Euclidean distance verified the existence of genetic variability among accessions since the amplitude of dissimilarity values ranged from 1.09 to 36.97. Tocher’s clustering method verified the formation of two distinct groups. UPGMA hierarchical clustering, based on the dissimilarity matrix, verified the formation of three groups with 30% cutoff point. Based on the main components analysis, we verified genetic divergence between the bird-of-paradise accessions in the UNEMAT Collection. The most promising combinations for future crosses in breeding programs comprise accessions 1, 11, and 23 and accession 1 as the most divergent among the accessions evaluated.

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Genetic divergence among white-type acai palm accessions based on morpho-agronomic characters

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017000900007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 751-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Angela Maria de Sousa ◽

Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira ◽

João Tomé de Farias Neto

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Euclidean Distance ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Arithmetic Mean ◽

Group Method ◽

Agronomic Characters ◽

Germplasm Bank ◽

Pair Group ◽

White Type ◽

Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic divergence among accessions of white-type acai palm, through morpho-agronomic characters. The accessions belong to the active acai palm germplasm bank of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Thirteen characters were evaluated in 26 accessions, originated from six municipalities in the state of Pará, Brazil. The data were subjected to deviance and multivariate analyses, based on the average Euclidean distance, and were grouped by Tocher’s method and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The accessions differed for eight characters. The distances among accessions ranged from 0.64 to 2.62, with an average of 1.36, and four groups were formed by Tocher’s method and two by the UPGMA. Seven major components explained 88.03% of the variation, whose graphic dispersion showed the tendency of forming four groups. The characters weight of 100 fruits, number of rachillae per bunch, and fruit yield per bunch contributed the most to the divergence, and the accessions from the municipalities of Breves, Curralinho, and Limoeiro do Ajuru were the most divergent. Therefore, the accessions of white acai palm show strong divergence and variability, which favor the selection of desirable individuals.

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Genetic divergence of Heliconiaceae species in the Central West Brazil region

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n3.67661 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 285-292

Author(s):

Cintia Graciele Da Silva ◽

Edneia Zullian Dalbosco ◽

Petterson Baptista Da Luz ◽

Willian Krause ◽

Vivian Loges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Group Method ◽

Clustering Methods ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Pair Group ◽

Inflorescence Length

The purpose of this study was to describe morphological traits and estimate genetic divergence and parameters between accessions of the genus Heliconia sp. from different municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A set of 25 traits, 15 quantitative and 10 qualitative were evaluated. The genetic divergence was estimated based on Mahalanobis' distance, with the clustering methods known as Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). Genetic variability was observed for all assessed quantitative traits and the accessions were grouped in different classes. The traits with highest relative contribution to variability were longevity of flower stems and inflorescence length. The results indicated the existence of genetic variability among accessions of the Heliconiasp. germplasm bank, which can be used in breeding programs.

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Null expectation of spatial correlograms under a stochastic process of genetic divergence with small sample sizes

Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1590/s1415-47572000000400007 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 739-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariana Pires de Campos Telles ◽

José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho

Keyword(s):

Stochastic Process ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Small Sample ◽

Group Method ◽

Gene Frequencies ◽

Exponential Relationship ◽

Local Populations ◽

Pair Group

An Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process was used to simulate the exponential relationship between genetic divergence and geographic distances, as predicted by stochastic processes of population differentiation, such as isolation-by-distance, stepping-stone or coalescence models. These simulations were based only on the spatial coordinates of the local populations that defined a spatial unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) link among them. The simulated gene frequency surfaces were then analyzed using spatial autocorrelation procedures and Nei's genetic distances, constructed with different numbers of variables (gene frequencies). Stochastic divergence in space produced strong spatial patterns at univariate and mutivariate levels. Using a relatively small number of local populations, the correlogram profiles varied considerably, with Manhattan distances greater than those defined by other simulation studies. This method allows one to establish a range of correlogram profiles under the same stochastic process of spatial divergence, thereby avoiding the use of unnecessary explanations of genetic divergence based on other microevolutionary processes.

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Partial diallel and genetic divergence analyses in maize inbred lines

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.53540 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e53540

Author(s):

Maria Fernanda de Souza Dias Maioli ◽

Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽

Tereza Aparecida da Silva ◽

Diego Ary Rizzardi ◽

Robson Akira Matsuzaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Block Design ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Group Method ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Pair Group ◽

Maize Inbred Lines ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Partial Diallel

In this study, we aimed to estimate general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) and to verify genetic divergence (Rogers distance, Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Average - UPGMA) using microsatellite markers in maize inbred lines. Using a partial diallel scheme, a total of 19 inbred lines were crossed as (9 x 10), which were derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively. The 90 hybrids were evaluated in an incomplete randomized block design with common checks and three replications during the 2017-2018 growing season. Flowering time, average plant height, ear height insertion, average ear diameter, ear length, number of lodged and broken plants, mass of 100 grains and grain yield were measured. According to the analysis of variance, GCA, and SCA were significant (p < 0.05) in all the measured traits; inbred line B as well as 1 and 8, derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively, were selected due to their higher GCA values in grain yield to be used in crosses as testers, while the single cross hybrid (B x 1) was selected due to their higher SCA value in grain yield to be used in future breeding programs. The molecular marker analysis divided the inbred lines into two groups, where the highest dissimilarity (0.74) was observed between lines A and 9; however, these did not result in a high SCA value, therefore the hybrids obtained by such crossings were not selected for grain yield.

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The use of RAPD markers to distinguish among juniper and cedar cultivars

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b00-046 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 655-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tom Hsiang ◽

Junbin Huang

Keyword(s):

Rapd Markers ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Principal Component ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Group Method ◽

Pair Group ◽

Juniperus Chinensis ◽

Juniperus Scopulorum ◽

Close Relatives

Two species of Chamaecyparis and six cultivars each of Juniperus chinensis L. and Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. (Cupressaceae) were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using seven primers. Unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) and principal component analyses of genetic distances between cultivars showed that 42 polymorphic RAPD bands could distinguish among all cultivars and properly group them by species and genera. Where the origin of a specific juniper cultivar is uncertain, analysis of genetic distance can pinpoint close relatives. For example, we were unable to trace the origin of J. chinensis 'Alps', and we initially thought it was a mislabeled J. chinensis 'Blue Alps'. However, we found 'Alps' to be closer to J. chinensis 'Fairview' and 'Mountbatten' than to 'Blue Alps'. Similarly, 'Wichita Blue' has an unknown origin, but it had the highest genetic similarity with 'Medora'.Key words: juniper, cedar, RAPD, cultivars, phylogenetics.

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A comparison of clustering methods for biogeography with fossil datasets

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1693v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew J Vavrek

Keyword(s):

Euclidean Distance ◽

Group Method ◽

Neighbor Joining ◽

Clustering Methods ◽

Data Set ◽

Biogeographic Patterns ◽

Pair Group ◽

Linkage Methods ◽

Average Similarity ◽

Incomplete Datasets

Cluster analysis is one of the most commonly used methods in palaeoecological studies, particularly in studies investigating biogeographic patterns. Although a number of different clustering methods are widely used, the approach and underlying assumptions of many of these methods are quite different. For example, methods may be hierarchical or non-hierarchical in their approaches, and may use Euclidean distance or non-Euclidean indices to cluster the data. In order to assess the effectiveness of the different clustering methods as compared to one another, a simulation was designed that could assess each method over a range of both cluster distinctiveness and sampling intensity. Additionally, a non-hierarchical, non-Euclidean, iterative clustering method implemented in the R Statistical Language is described. This method, Non-Euclidean Relational Clustering (NERC), creates distinct clusters by dividing the data set in order to maximize the average similarity within each cluster, identifying clusters in which each data point is on average more similar to those within its own group than to those in any other group. While all the methods performed well with clearly differentiated and well-sampled datasets, when data are less than ideal the linkage methods perform poorly compared to non-Euclidean based k-means and the NERC method. Based on this analysis, Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean and neighbor joining methods are less reliable with incomplete datasets like those found in palaeobiological analyses, and the k-means and NERC methods should be used in their place.

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Genetic Divergence Among a Breeding Population of Hancornia Speciosa Gomes (Mangabeira) as Determined by Multivariate Statistical Methods

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p421 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 421

Author(s):

Maria Clideana Cabral Maia ◽

Mirian Fernandes Carvalho Araújo ◽

Lucio Borges de Araújo ◽

Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias ◽

Luís Cláudio de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Group Method ◽

Multivariate Techniques ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Group Iii ◽

Pair Group ◽

Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽

Hancornia Speciosa

The mangabeira its figure out among the mains native fruit tree explored by extractivism in Brasil. The objective evaluate the genetic divergence of landraces in orientation of crosses using multivariate techinics. The complete random blocks experimental design with four repetitions was used to evaluate twelve quantitative characteristics from twelve genotypes elite of mangabeiras concerning to divergence genetic using the software R (2012). Three groups genetically divergent were composed by biplot graphic and stored by UPGMA cluster analysis (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Average / Weighted Clustering Method not using the Arithmetic Mean) showing genetic diversity and variability among 12 mangabeira accesses. Forty-four possible crosses are planned among genotypes of genetically dissimilar three groups and six among individuals in group III. Multivariate techniques were appropriate in the study of genetic divergence.

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Morphometric analysis in different geographical populations of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) associated with Apis mellifera colonies in Iran

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.23.10.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1915

Author(s):

Mahsa Farjamfar ◽

Alireza Saboori ◽

Jamasb Nozari ◽

Vahid Hosseininaveh

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Varroa Destructor ◽

Principal Component ◽

Group Method ◽

Dorsal Shield ◽

Pair Group ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Geographical Populations ◽

And Cluster Analysis

Varroa destructor is a major ectoparasitic mite which feeds on the western honey bee, Apis mellifera hemolymph. Morphometric analysis of V. destructor in Iran was performed in order to detect differences within some populations of the species. Totally, 145 female mites were collected from A. mellifera colonies in different geographical regions in Iran and Europe (Spain and France). Eight morphological variables were measured: 1) length of dorsal shield (LDS), 2) width of dorsal shield (WDS), 3) length of genital shield (LGS), 4) width of genital shield (WGS), 5) length of metapodal shield (LMS), 6) width of metapodal shield (WMS), 7) length of anal shield (LAS) and 8) width of the anal shield (WAS). The ratios of LDS/WDS, WDS/LDS, LGS/WGS and LAS/WAS were also calculated. Multivariate analyses demonstrated significant differences in means of body length (LDS) and body width (WDS) between populations. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis with pair group method, five morphological groups were established. PCA analyses were also shown one morphotype, A3, between samples. Collectively, our findings suggest a wide phenotypic plasticity within the populations of Varroa mite in Iran.

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GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT AMONG TALL COCONUT PALM

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n104rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 28-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

KAMILA MARCELINO BRITO SOBRAL ◽

MANOEL ABÍLIO DE QUEIROZ ◽

CARLOS ALBERTO DA SILVA LEDO ◽

CARINA MENDES LOIOLA ◽

JÉSSICA BARROS ANDRADE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

West African ◽

Group Method ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

The North ◽

Pair Group ◽

Diversity Assessment

ABSTRACT The tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) has great socioeconomic importance in Brazil and was first introduced on the coast of the north-eastern region, where it has been exploited in a semi-extractivist manner. The goal of this study was to quantify the genetic divergence between accessions introduced and preserved at the International Coconut Genebank for Latin America and the Caribbean, estimate the efficiency of descriptors used in the discrimination of the accessions, and indicate the essential descriptors for the activities of characterisation and evaluation. The accessions used were: Polynesia Tall; Tonga Tall; West African Tall; Rennel Tall; Rotuma Tall; Vanuatu Tall; Malayan Tall and Brazilian Tall Praia-do-Forte. Thirty-five quantitative descriptors recommended for the species were used. Genetic divergence was estimated by the Mahalanobis’s generalised distance and the cluster analysis was performed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The relative importance of the descriptors was measured according to Singh and Jolliffe’s methods, and the variables were selected taking into consideration the matching information in the two methods, eliminating those that were discarded in the two procedures. The agronomic characteristics indicated that the first canonical variable explained 90.25% of total variance. The most efficient descriptors for detecting the genetic divergence were: fruit equatorial circumference; nut polar and equatorial circumference; quantity of liquid endosperm; total fruit weight; nut weight; stem height; girth of stem at 1,5m height; number of leaflets; and number of bunches. The most dissimilar accessions according to the agronomic characteristics were Rotuma Tall and West African Tall, which can be primarily indicated as genitors for the formation of segregating populations in breeding programmes.

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Rediscovery of historical Vitis vinifera varieties from the South Anatolia region by using amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat DNA fingerprinting methods

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2012-0175 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 295-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kaan Yilancioglu ◽

Selim Cetiner

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Principal Component ◽

Distinct Group ◽

Group Method ◽

Local Cultivars ◽

Pair Group ◽

Selected Subset

Anatolia played an important role in the diversification and spread of economically important Vitis vinifera varieties. Although several biodiversity studies have been conducted with local cultivars in different regions of Anatolia, our aim is to gain a better knowledge on the biodiversity of endangered historical V. vinifera varieties in the northern Adana region of southern Anatolia, particularly those potentially displaying viticulture characteristics. We also demonstrate the genetic relatedness in a selected subset of widely cultivated and commercialized V. vinifera collection cultivars, which were obtained from the National Grapevine Germplasm located at the Institute of Viticulture, Turkey. In the present study, microsatellites were used in narrowing the sample size from 72 accessions down to a collection of 27 varieties. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms were then employed to determine genetic relatedness among this collection and local V. vinifera cultivars. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster and principal component analyses revealed that Saimbeyli local cultivars form a distinct group, which is distantly related to a selected subset of V. vinifera collection varieties from all over Turkey. To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted with these cultivars. Further preservation and use of these potential viticultural varieties will be helpful to avoid genetic erosion and to promote continued agriculture in the region.

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