Partial diallel and genetic divergence analyses in maize inbred lines

In this study, we aimed to estimate general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) and to verify genetic divergence (Rogers distance, Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Average - UPGMA) using microsatellite markers in maize inbred lines. Using a partial diallel scheme, a total of 19 inbred lines were crossed as (9 x 10), which were derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively. The 90 hybrids were evaluated in an incomplete randomized block design with common checks and three replications during the 2017-2018 growing season. Flowering time, average plant height, ear height insertion, average ear diameter, ear length, number of lodged and broken plants, mass of 100 grains and grain yield were measured. According to the analysis of variance, GCA, and SCA were significant (p < 0.05) in all the measured traits; inbred line B as well as 1 and 8, derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively, were selected due to their higher GCA values in grain yield to be used in crosses as testers, while the single cross hybrid (B x 1) was selected due to their higher SCA value in grain yield to be used in future breeding programs. The molecular marker analysis divided the inbred lines into two groups, where the highest dissimilarity (0.74) was observed between lines A and 9; however, these did not result in a high SCA value, therefore the hybrids obtained by such crossings were not selected for grain yield.

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EARLY GROWTH AND SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY OF SPECIES OF Sesbania Scop. (Leguminosae, robinieae)

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90161999000200011 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 329-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elisabeth Ann Veasey ◽

Marta Organo Negrão ◽

Paulo Sodero Martins ◽

Gerhard Bandel

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Intraspecific Variation ◽

Block Design ◽

Group Method ◽

Seedling Morphology ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Initial Development ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Pair Group ◽

Randomized Block Design

The objective of this study was to characterize 17 accessions of Sesbania, representing S. exasperata, S. grandiflora, S. sesban, S. tetraptera and S. virgata at the seedling stage, and to evaluate the initial development during the first two months after planting. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design, with 4 replications and 5 plants per plot. The traits recorded were: plant height (PH), from four observations at 15-day intervals, at 17, 32, 47 and 62 days after planting; length of hypocotyl (LH) and epicotyl (LEP); length (LE1) and width (WE1) of the first eophyll; and number of leaflet pairs of the second metaphyll (NLP), evaluated 17 days after planting. Univariate analyses of variance were performed, estimating the genetic parameters: coefficient of genotypic determination (b) and of genetic variation (CVg). Cluster analysis was also obtained, using the average Euclidean distance and Unweighted pair group method of arithmetic average (UPGMA) method. At 17 days after planting, S. exasperata presented the highest PH, followed by S. virgata. At 62 days after planting, S. sesban registered the highest PH. Length of hypocotyl displayed inter but not intraspecific variation. The characters LEP, LE1, WE1 and NLP showed both inter and intraspecific variation. Cluster analysis indicated the existence of 7 groups, separating the species and revealing intraspecific variation as well. The occurrence in low frequencies of two unifoliolate opposite eophylls for some species was observed, as well as bi- or trifoliolate first eophylls for one of the S. sesban accessions. These informations are basic for the selection of traits to be utilized for characterization and differentiation of Sesbania germplasm at the juvenile phase.

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Genetic Divergence Among a Breeding Population of Hancornia Speciosa Gomes (Mangabeira) as Determined by Multivariate Statistical Methods

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p421 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 421

Author(s):

Maria Clideana Cabral Maia ◽

Mirian Fernandes Carvalho Araújo ◽

Lucio Borges de Araújo ◽

Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias ◽

Luís Cláudio de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Group Method ◽

Multivariate Techniques ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Group Iii ◽

Pair Group ◽

Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽

Hancornia Speciosa

The mangabeira its figure out among the mains native fruit tree explored by extractivism in Brasil. The objective evaluate the genetic divergence of landraces in orientation of crosses using multivariate techinics. The complete random blocks experimental design with four repetitions was used to evaluate twelve quantitative characteristics from twelve genotypes elite of mangabeiras concerning to divergence genetic using the software R (2012). Three groups genetically divergent were composed by biplot graphic and stored by UPGMA cluster analysis (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Average / Weighted Clustering Method not using the Arithmetic Mean) showing genetic diversity and variability among 12 mangabeira accesses. Forty-four possible crosses are planned among genotypes of genetically dissimilar three groups and six among individuals in group III. Multivariate techniques were appropriate in the study of genetic divergence.

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Genetic divergence and path analysis in wheat cultivars under heat stress

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632020v5065493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira ◽

Agner de Freitas Andrade ◽

André Zoz ◽

Renato Lustosa Sobrinho ◽

Tiago Zoz

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT One of the biggest limitations for the wheat crop expansion to Brazilian tropical regions is the high temperature in the rainy season. This study aimed to select, based on genetic divergence and path analysis, cultivars that tolerate cultivation in the summer (heat stress). Nine wheat cultivars were sown, using a randomized block design with three replications, with plots consisting of 10 rows of 6 m and row spacing of 0.15 m. The highest grain yield and number of ears m-2 were observed for the CD 150 cultivar and the largest 1,000-grain weight for CD 116. BRS 220, IPR 136, IPR 144 and BRS Pardela had the highest number of sterile spikelets. The highest number of grains per ear was observed for CD 150, CD 116, BRS Pardela, IPR 130 and IPR 85, showing direct effects on grain yield, evidenced by the path analysis. CD 116 and CD 150 were the most productive cultivars and can be considered as possible parents in wheat breeding programs. IPR 85, CD 116, CD 108 and CD 150 showed a greater tolerance to high temperatures.

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FLOWERING SYNDROME – HYBRID PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP IN MAIZE 1- Field traits and growth rates

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v47i4.518 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Al- Khazaali & et al.

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

High Yield ◽

Late Flowering ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Four Seasons ◽

Selection For

In order to identify the role of selection for early and late silking on the inbred lines from Maize (Zea Mays L.) regarding the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Filed experiment for four seasons (spring and full 2014 and 2015) was conducted in the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected and the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third season and crossed with testers. Crosses from the early and late flowering were produced and their seeds were cultivated in the last season. Comparison in some field and growth traits were conducted among the crosses. The experiments laid out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) at three replicates. Selection for early and late flowering parents has induced significant differences in days to flowering for all crosses and ranged between 62 days for early parents and 66 days for late parents. Also, significant differences were shown in several traits, the most prominent were crop’s and seed’s growth rate (CGR and SGR ), that correlated with seed filling duration (SFD), which contributed to increase the deposition of the dry matter into the grain for a longer period, which gave a high grain yield (GY). CGR of outstanding crosses ranged from 3.18 to 6.21 g.m-2.day, SGR ranged between 2.3 to 7.3 g. m-2.day, and the SFD between 35-38 days. In parallel, the testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) have significantly differed in their effect on the traits of some derived crosses, where the results showed significant superiority of the crosses Zm32Zm60 resulted from crossing the tester Zm60 with early silking parents selected from inbred line Zm32 on the crosses Zm32Zm21 resulted from crossing the tester Zm21 with the same parents of Zm32 in the traits of Total Dry Matter (TDM) (1.85 kg.m-2), CGR (18.28 g.m-2.day), Harvest Index (HI) (0.56), and SGR (3.3 g.m-2.day). It can be conclude that selection for early and late silking inbred lines, as well as the effect of the early and late silking tester have a great importance in deriving hybrids of a high yield and distinct in several traits, which are all significantly contributing in increasing the GY.

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Components of resistance to Olivea neotectonae in Tectona grandis Linn F. as a criterion for selecting promising genotypes

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2917 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 835-841

Author(s):

Antonio Marcos Chimello ◽

Jeferson Gonçalves de Jesus ◽

Suelene Surubi de Melo ◽

Isabela Vera dos Anjos ◽

Milson Evaldo Serafim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Group Method ◽

Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽

Canonical Variables ◽

Pair Group ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Best Linear Unbiased

The aim of this paper was to identify the best components involving resistance to the O. neotectonae fungus, allowing for adequate selection of promising teak genotypes to explore in improvement programs or for disease management. Thirty different clonal teak genotypes were evaluated in a greenhouse from PROTECA Biotecnologia Florestal. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and three plants per plot. The following characteristics were evaluated: average latent period, number of pustules per cm2, area below the number of pustules progress curve (ABNPPC), frequency of infection, and number of urediniospores per pustule. The data for the resistance characteristics were submitted to ANOVA and multivariate analysis applying grouping techniques and canonical variables. High genetic variability was observed among the 30 T. grandis genotypes regarding resistance to the O. neotectonae fungus. Both for the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), the canonical variables method and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) the genotypes that showed the greatest resistance to the fungus were genotypes 03 and 10

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Effect of Sowing Dates on Growth and Grain Yield of Maize Inbred Lines

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v3i4.6710 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

KAMAL BHUSAL ◽

ROSHAN SUBEDI ◽

JIBAN SHRESTHA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Winter Season ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Maize Inbred Lines ◽

Yield Production ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

This study was carried out at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal to evaluate the effect of sowing dates on growth and grain yield of maize inbred lines. Seven maize inbred lines namely NML-2, RML-17, RML-32, RML-4, RML-86, RML-95 and RML-96 were planted on three different dates i.e. September 02, September 12, September 22, 2015 during winter using randomized complete block design with two replications. The results of this study showed that the growth and yield traits were significantly affected by various planting dates. The inbred line RML-17 produced the highest grain yield where as NML-2 gave the lowest yield during winter season. The highest yield was obtained when inbred lines were planted on September 12 and the lowest yield on September 2. The planting from September 2 to September 12 increased the grain yield. The delay in planting i.e. September 22 decreased grain yield. Therefore September 12 planting was suitable for inbred lines to maximize grain yield production.

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GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG COWPEA GENOTYPES BASED ON CHARACTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GREEN POD AND GRAIN MARKET

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n107rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 56-63

Author(s):

JOSÉ TORRES FILHO ◽

CHRISTIANE NORONHA GOMES DOS SANTOS OLIVEIRA ◽

LINDOMAR MARIA DA SILVEIRA ◽

GLAUBER HENRIQUE DE SOUSA NUNES ◽

CARLA CAROLINE ALVES PEREIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Block Design ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Group Method ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽

Pair Group ◽

Genotype Environment Interaction ◽

Best Linear Unbiased ◽

Grain Market

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic divergence among cowpea genotypes and to select parents for crosses aimed at the fresh pod and grain market. Two experiments were carried out during 2014, corresponding to two sowing times, in the municipality of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte. Twenty-three cowpea genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Fifteen descriptors were used to quantify divergence, using the Mahalanobis distance as a measure of dissimilarity, obtained from the genotypic mean predicted by the Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML/BLUP) method. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) hierarchical method was used to group genotypes and the Singh criterion to quantify the contribution of traits to genetic divergence. The genotype × environment interaction (G × E) influenced divergence, both in the contribution of traits and in the grouping of genotypes. In the experiment 1, the genotypes were distributed among four groups. In the experiment 2, less discrimination occurred and the genotypes were represented by only two groups. When joint analysis of two evaluations was carried out based on two sowing times, genotypes were represented by six groups. The G × E interaction influences the contribution of traits and the grouping of cowpea genotypes in the study of divergence. The genetic divergence of the set of cowpea genotypes evaluated is mainly due to green grain and pod yield. BRS Aracê and BRS Xiquexique cultivars are the most divergent among the genotypes studied, representing 75% of the recommended crosses.

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Morphological descriptors for the characterization of teak clones (Tectona grandis L.f.) in plantations

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2020292-15634 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. eRC02

Author(s):

Jorge-L. Reategui-Betancourt ◽

Daniele Aparecida-A. Arriel ◽

Sidney-Fernando Caldeira ◽

Antonio-Rioyei Higa ◽

Paulo-C. Flôres-Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Similarity Measures ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Group Method ◽

Morphological Descriptors ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Pair Group ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Clonal Test

Aim of study: The objective of this work was to identify possible morphological descriptors for teak clones, in order to support the cultivars protection process of this species.Area of study: This experiment was carried out in ‘São José dos Quatro Marcos’, Mato Grosso, midwest Brazil.Material and methods: A teak clonal test, assessing 18 clones, was evaluated at the ages of 29 and 41 months by means of 41 morphological characteristics, related mainly to the branches, leaves and trunk. The clonal test was established in a randomized block design composed by three blocks, each block containing 18 plots, one for each clone. Each plot had 36 plants, but only the innermost five individuals were selected and evaluated. The information was organized in a presence and absence matrix. Subsequently, genetic similarity measures were estimated, by means of the Jaccard index, and a clustering was performed by the Unweighted Pair Group Method using the Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method.Main results: A total of 26 and 28 morphological characteristic that exhibited DHS (distinction, homogeneity and stability) were identified at the ages of 29 and 41 months, respectively. Of these, 17 characteristics showed the same behavior at 29 and 41 months of age. However, it is important to emphasize that the evaluation must be performed under the same planting conditions in which these descriptors were developed.Research highlights: These 17 morphological characteristics can compose the list of potential morphological descriptors to be used in the process of teak clones/cultivars protection.Keywords: cultivars protection; morphological characteristics; distinction, homogeneity; stability.

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Number of Experiments that Should be Considered in the Cluster Analysis of Common Bean Genotypes for Plant Architecture and Grain Yield Traits

10.21203/rs.3.rs-979940/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nerinéia Dalfollo Ribeiro ◽

Sandra Maria Maziero

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Plant Architecture ◽

Block Design ◽

Group Method ◽

Yield Traits ◽

Cluster Analyses ◽

Upgma Cluster ◽

Pair Group

Abstract The number of experiments that allows the choice of parents to be used in controlled crossings in a more assertive way in cluster analysis is unknown for plant architecture and grain yield traits in common bean. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the number of experiments that should be considered in Tocher's and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analyses to identify promising common bean parents for several plant architecture and grain yield traits. Four experiments were carried out in different years and growing seasons, in the same site. The randomized block design was used and 17 common bean genotypes with carioca (beige seed coat with brown streaks) and black grains were evaluated in relation to 12 traits related to plant architecture and five traits related to grain yield. Statistical analyses were performed with data obtained from individual and combined experiments. Significant genotype × experiment interaction was observed for most of the evaluated traits. When Tocher's and UPGMA cluster analyses was performed from data obtained in individual experiments different groups were formed. The use from data obtained in two, three ou four experiments allowed greather reliability in the formation of groups. Three and two experiments are sufficient in the Tocher's and the UPGMA cluster analyses, respectively, to identify promising carioca and black common bean parents for several plant architecture and grain yield traits in a more assertive way.

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The application of protein markers in conversion of maize inbred lines to the cytoplasmic male sterility basis

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1602691s ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 691-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Milan Stevanovic ◽

Zoran Camdzija ◽

Jovan Pavlov ◽

Ksenija Markovic ◽

Jelena Vancetovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Protein Markers ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽

Maize Inbred Lines ◽

Set Up ◽

Almost All

A total of seven maize inbred lines of different origin and maturity group were used in the trial set up according to the split-plot randomized complete block design in five environments. Each inbred was observed in five variants: original inbred (N); cytoplasmic male sterile C-type (CMS-C); restorer for CMS-C (RfC); cytoplasmic male sterile S-type (CMS-S) and restorer for CMS-S (RfS). The objective was to compare grain yield of original inbreds and their CMS and Rf variants and to apply Isoelectric focusing (IEF) to determine whether the conversion of original inbreds to their CMS and Rf counterparts have been done completely. Protein markers have shown that conversion of almost all inbreds was done good and completely. Only original inbreds ZPL2 and ZPL5 did not concur on banding patterns with their RfC variants. The type of cytoplasm had a very significant impact on grain yield. Namely, CMS-C counterparts significantly out yielded their CMS-S versions, while the inbreds with C and S cytoplasm over yielded inbreds with N cytoplasm, as well as their RfC and RfS versions.

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