scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT AMONG TALL COCONUT PALM

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAMILA MARCELINO BRITO SOBRAL ◽  
MANOEL ABÍLIO DE QUEIROZ ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO DA SILVA LEDO ◽  
CARINA MENDES LOIOLA ◽  
JÉSSICA BARROS ANDRADE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Diversity Assessment

ABSTRACT The tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) has great socioeconomic importance in Brazil and was first introduced on the coast of the north-eastern region, where it has been exploited in a semi-extractivist manner. The goal of this study was to quantify the genetic divergence between accessions introduced and preserved at the International Coconut Genebank for Latin America and the Caribbean, estimate the efficiency of descriptors used in the discrimination of the accessions, and indicate the essential descriptors for the activities of characterisation and evaluation. The accessions used were: Polynesia Tall; Tonga Tall; West African Tall; Rennel Tall; Rotuma Tall; Vanuatu Tall; Malayan Tall and Brazilian Tall Praia-do-Forte. Thirty-five quantitative descriptors recommended for the species were used. Genetic divergence was estimated by the Mahalanobis’s generalised distance and the cluster analysis was performed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The relative importance of the descriptors was measured according to Singh and Jolliffe’s methods, and the variables were selected taking into consideration the matching information in the two methods, eliminating those that were discarded in the two procedures. The agronomic characteristics indicated that the first canonical variable explained 90.25% of total variance. The most efficient descriptors for detecting the genetic divergence were: fruit equatorial circumference; nut polar and equatorial circumference; quantity of liquid endosperm; total fruit weight; nut weight; stem height; girth of stem at 1,5m height; number of leaflets; and number of bunches. The most dissimilar accessions according to the agronomic characteristics were Rotuma Tall and West African Tall, which can be primarily indicated as genitors for the formation of segregating populations in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Null expectation of spatial correlograms under a stochastic process of genetic divergence with small sample sizes

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pires de Campos Telles ◽  
José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Pair Group

An Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process was used to simulate the exponential relationship between genetic divergence and geographic distances, as predicted by stochastic processes of population differentiation, such as isolation-by-distance, stepping-stone or coalescence models. These simulations were based only on the spatial coordinates of the local populations that defined a spatial unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) link among them. The simulated gene frequency surfaces were then analyzed using spatial autocorrelation procedures and Nei's genetic distances, constructed with different numbers of variables (gene frequencies). Stochastic divergence in space produced strong spatial patterns at univariate and mutivariate levels. Using a relatively small number of local populations, the correlogram profiles varied considerably, with Manhattan distances greater than those defined by other simulation studies. This method allows one to establish a range of correlogram profiles under the same stochastic process of spatial divergence, thereby avoiding the use of unnecessary explanations of genetic divergence based on other microevolutionary processes.

scholarly journals Partial diallel and genetic divergence analyses in maize inbred lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53540
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda de Souza Dias Maioli ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
Tereza Aparecida da Silva ◽  
Diego Ary Rizzardi ◽  
Robson Akira Matsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Partial Diallel

In this study, we aimed to estimate general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) and to verify genetic divergence (Rogers distance, Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Average - UPGMA) using microsatellite markers in maize inbred lines. Using a partial diallel scheme, a total of 19 inbred lines were crossed as (9 x 10), which were derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively. The 90 hybrids were evaluated in an incomplete randomized block design with common checks and three replications during the 2017-2018 growing season. Flowering time, average plant height, ear height insertion, average ear diameter, ear length, number of lodged and broken plants, mass of 100 grains and grain yield were measured. According to the analysis of variance, GCA, and SCA were significant (p < 0.05) in all the measured traits; inbred line B as well as 1 and 8, derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively, were selected due to their higher GCA values in grain yield to be used in crosses as testers, while the single cross hybrid (B x 1) was selected due to their higher SCA value in grain yield to be used in future breeding programs. The molecular marker analysis divided the inbred lines into two groups, where the highest dissimilarity (0.74) was observed between lines A and 9; however, these did not result in a high SCA value, therefore the hybrids obtained by such crossings were not selected for grain yield.

scholarly journals The Influence of Environmental Features on the Morphometric Variation in Mauritia flexuosa L.f. Fruits and Seeds

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Nilo L. Sander ◽  
Carolina J. da Silva ◽  
Aline V. M. Duarte ◽  
Bruno W. Zago ◽  
Carla Galbiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Sequential Method ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fresh Pulp

The environmental heterogeneity may reflect the different morphological and phenotypic traits of individuals belonging to a single species. We used 14 morphological traits of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. to understanding the relation between environment and phenotypic traits. Twenty-five fruits were collected from each of the 10 individuals sampled in each study site: Chapada dos Guimarães (CG), Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade (VB), and Alta Floresta (AF). We analyzed the genetic divergence, using the standardized Euclidean distance, the sequential method of Tocher, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), and the projection of the distances onto 2D plane, and calculated the relative importance of the traits evaluated. The analysis showed the partition of individuals into three main groups: Two groups comprising the majority of individuals. Fresh fruit weight, pulp rate, fresh pulp weight, and moisture rate were the traits that most helped explaining the difference between materials. The results shown in the current study evidenced the influence of these three different environments on the biometric traits of M. flexuosa. Such influence has led to the formation of Alta Floresta and Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade individuals in different groups, whereas the Chapada dos Guimarães individuals were able to permeate the two other groups, although they showed stronger tendency to group with individuals from Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade.

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence Among a Breeding Population of Hancornia Speciosa Gomes (Mangabeira) as Determined by Multivariate Statistical Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Maria Clideana Cabral Maia ◽  
Mirian Fernandes Carvalho Araújo ◽  
Lucio Borges de Araújo ◽  
Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias ◽  
Luís Cláudio de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

The mangabeira its figure out among the mains native fruit tree explored by extractivism in Brasil. The objective evaluate the genetic divergence of landraces in orientation of crosses using multivariate techinics. The complete random blocks experimental design with four repetitions was used to evaluate twelve quantitative characteristics from twelve genotypes elite of mangabeiras concerning to divergence genetic using the software R (2012). Three groups genetically divergent were composed by biplot graphic and stored by UPGMA cluster analysis (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Average / Weighted Clustering Method not using the Arithmetic Mean) showing genetic diversity and variability among 12 mangabeira accesses. Forty-four possible crosses are planned among genotypes of genetically dissimilar three groups and six among individuals in group III. Multivariate techniques were appropriate in the study of genetic divergence.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence among white-type acai palm accessions based on morpho-agronomic characters

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria de Sousa ◽  
Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira ◽  
João Tomé de Farias Neto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
White Type ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic divergence among accessions of white-type acai palm, through morpho-agronomic characters. The accessions belong to the active acai palm germplasm bank of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Thirteen characters were evaluated in 26 accessions, originated from six municipalities in the state of Pará, Brazil. The data were subjected to deviance and multivariate analyses, based on the average Euclidean distance, and were grouped by Tocher’s method and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The accessions differed for eight characters. The distances among accessions ranged from 0.64 to 2.62, with an average of 1.36, and four groups were formed by Tocher’s method and two by the UPGMA. Seven major components explained 88.03% of the variation, whose graphic dispersion showed the tendency of forming four groups. The characters weight of 100 fruits, number of rachillae per bunch, and fruit yield per bunch contributed the most to the divergence, and the accessions from the municipalities of Breves, Curralinho, and Limoeiro do Ajuru were the most divergent. Therefore, the accessions of white acai palm show strong divergence and variability, which favor the selection of desirable individuals.

Genetic Divergence Between South African Helcion Species and North-East Atlantic H. Pellucidum (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Weber ◽  
D.R. Gray ◽  
A.N. Hodgson ◽  
S.J. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to estimate the genetic divergence between three species of South African Helcion and the north-east Atlantic H. pellucidum (Patellidae). At a finer level the genetic relationships among South African Helcion were explored. Twenty-one loci were resolved for all the species. High values of expected heterozygosities (0·202–0·341) were found for the genus. Phenetic analysis (UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with artihmetic averaging) and Distance Wagner Procedure) and cladistic parsimony methods (alleles as binary characters and loci as multistate unordered characters) agreed in showing the same topology for the tree which represents the genetic relationships among Helcion species. The north-east Atlantic H. pellucidum was the most divergent species showing high values of Nei's genetic distances (1·423–1·654) with its South African congeners. In the literature such values of genetic divergence have been associated with non-congeneric species. The degree of genetic divergence (0·351–0·615) found within the South African branch was characteristic for congeneric species. The results of this study supported the monophyletic condition of this branch, and showed H. pectunculus and H. pruinosus to be more closely related to each other than to H. dunkeri. Nevertheless, the monophyly of the genus Helcion is uncertain and therefore its taxonomic status was questioned. A possible independent origin for northern and southern hemisphere species of Helcion is considered.

Molecular genetic diversity of the French-American grapevine hybrids cultivated in North America

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Pollefeys ◽  
Jean Bousquet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
The North ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity

French-American hybrid grapevines are most popular in eastern and mid-western North America: they are hardy cultivars derived from crosses between the European Vitis vinifera and American wild vines. The aim of this study was to characterize their genetic background using 6 microsatellite (SSR) markers and a set of 33 diagnostic RAPD markers. The latter were reproducible with different PCR thermal cyclers. Two SSR loci were found to be synonymous, VrZAG47 and VVMD27. The DNA profile frequencies estimated for each cultivar were much lower with multi-locus SSR data than that obtained from multi-fragment RAPD data. There was no significant correlation between the multi-locus DNA profile frequencies derived from SSRs and those from RAPDs. Estimates of genetic diversity derived from SSRs were generally higher and the average similarity between cultivars was generally lower than values reported for subgroups of V. vinifera, in accordance with expectations for hybrid cultivars. The phenetic relationships depicted by UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging) and neighbor-joining analyses of microsatellite data were congruent and, to a large extent, in agreement with the known pedigree or history of each cultivar. A major dichotomy was observed between one group where the known genetic background was dominated by the North American Vitis riparia and Vitis labrusca, and another one where the genetic background was dominated by the European V. vinifera. Two Kulhmann varieties thought to be synonymous were found to be different, though closely related.Key words: French-American hybrids, genetic diversity, RAPD, SSR, Vitis.

scholarly journals Identities and Relationships among Chinese Vegetable Brassicas as Determined by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Ren ◽  
James R. McFerson ◽  
Rugang Li ◽  
Stephen Kresovich ◽  
Warren F. Lamboy
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chinese Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Brassicas

Fifty-two germplasm accessions of Chinese vegetable brassicas were analyzed using 112 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The array of material examined spanned a wide range of morphological, geographic, and genetic diversity, and included 30 accessions of Brassica rapa L. (Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, turnip, and broccoletto), 18 accessions of B. juncea (L.) Czern. (leaf, stem, and root mustards), and four accessions of B. oleracea L. ssp. alboglabra (Chinese kale). The RAPD markers unambiguously identified all 52 accessions. Nei-Li similarities were computed and used in unweighed pair group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) cluster analyses. Accessions and subspecies were clustered into groups corresponding to the three species, but some accessions of some subspecies were most closely related to accessions belonging to other subspecies. Values for Nei-Li similarities suggest that Chinese cabbage is more likely to have been produced by hybridization of turnip and pakchoi than as a selection from either turnip or pakchoi alone. RAPD markers are a fast, efficient method for diversity assessment in Chinese vegetable brassicas that complements techniques currently in use in genetic resources collections.

scholarly journals Virulence and Molecular Diversity in the Cochliobolus sativus Population Causing Barley Spot Blotch in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2252-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanqiang Guo ◽  
Quanjie Yao ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Fengtao Wang ◽  
Xiaowei Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Distance Coefficient

Spot blotch, caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus, is a limiting factor for barley (Hordeum vulgare) production in northeast China, which causes significant grain yield losses and kernel quality degradation. It is critical to determine the virulence diversity of C. sativus populations for barley resistance breeding and the judicious grouping of available resistance varieties according to the predominant pathotypes in disease epidemic regions. With little information on the barley pathogen in China, this study selected 12 typical barley genotypes to differentiate the pathotypes of C. sativus isolates collected in China. Seventy-one isolates were grouped into 19 Chinese pathotypes based on infection responses. Seventeen isolates were classified as pathotype 3, which has only been identified in China, whereas most (52 of 71) were classified as pathotype 1. All of the tested isolates had low virulence on the North Dakota (ND) durable, resistant line ND B112. Using 22 selected amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations, genetic polymorphism was used to analyze 68 isolates, which clustered into three distinct groups using the unweighted pair group method average with the genetic distance coefficient. No relationship was found between the virulence of isolates and their origins. Isolates of the same pathotype or those collected from the same location did not group into clusters based on the AFLP analysis.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG COWPEA GENOTYPES BASED ON CHARACTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GREEN POD AND GRAIN MARKET

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
JOSÉ TORRES FILHO ◽  
CHRISTIANE NORONHA GOMES DOS SANTOS OLIVEIRA ◽  
LINDOMAR MARIA DA SILVEIRA ◽  
GLAUBER HENRIQUE DE SOUSA NUNES ◽  
CARLA CAROLINE ALVES PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Grain Market

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic divergence among cowpea genotypes and to select parents for crosses aimed at the fresh pod and grain market. Two experiments were carried out during 2014, corresponding to two sowing times, in the municipality of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte. Twenty-three cowpea genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Fifteen descriptors were used to quantify divergence, using the Mahalanobis distance as a measure of dissimilarity, obtained from the genotypic mean predicted by the Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML/BLUP) method. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) hierarchical method was used to group genotypes and the Singh criterion to quantify the contribution of traits to genetic divergence. The genotype × environment interaction (G × E) influenced divergence, both in the contribution of traits and in the grouping of genotypes. In the experiment 1, the genotypes were distributed among four groups. In the experiment 2, less discrimination occurred and the genotypes were represented by only two groups. When joint analysis of two evaluations was carried out based on two sowing times, genotypes were represented by six groups. The G × E interaction influences the contribution of traits and the grouping of cowpea genotypes in the study of divergence. The genetic divergence of the set of cowpea genotypes evaluated is mainly due to green grain and pod yield. BRS Aracê and BRS Xiquexique cultivars are the most divergent among the genotypes studied, representing 75% of the recommended crosses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document