scholarly journals STRATEGIC MODULATION OF THERMAL TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY RATIO PRODUCED FROM PV/T MODULE

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-323
Author(s):  
Anges A. Aminou Moussavou ◽  
Atanda K. Raji ◽  
Marco Adonis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
The Cost ◽  
T System

Several strategies have been developed to enhance the performance of a solar photovoltaicthermal (PV/T) system in buildings. However, these systems are limited by the cost, complex structure and power consumed by the pump. This paper proposes an optimisation method conversion strategy that modulates the ratio of thermal to electrical energy from the photovoltaic (PV) cell, to increase the PV/T system’s performance. The design and modelling of a PV cell was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the heat transfer occurring in the PV cell model, which converts the radiation (solar) into heat and electricity. A linear regression equation curve was used to define the ratio of thermal to electrical energy technique, and the behavioural patterns of various types of power (thermal and electrical) as a function of extrinsic cell resistance (Rse). The simulation results show an effective balance of the thermal and electrical power when adjusting the Rse. The strategy to modulate the ratio of thermal to electrical energy from the PV cell may optimise the PV/T system’s performance. A change of Rse might be an effective method of controlling the amount of thermal and electrical energy from the PV cell to support the PV/T system temporally, based on the energy need. The optimisation technique of the PV/T system using the PV cell is particularly useful for households since they require electricity, heating, and cooling. Applying this technique demonstrates the ability of the PV/T system to balance the energy ( thermal and electrical) produced based on the weather conditions and the user’s energy demands.

scholarly journals Study of Hybrid PVA/MA/TEOS Pervaporation Membrane and Evaluation of Energy Requirement for Desalination by Pervaporation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongli Xie ◽  
Derrick Ng ◽  
Manh Hoang ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Stephen Gray
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Pervaporation Membrane ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Multiple Effect Distillation

Desalination by pervaporation is a membrane process that is yet to be realized for commercial application. To investigate the feasibility and viability of scaling up, a process engineering model was developed to evaluate the energy requirement based on the experimental study of a hybrid polyvinyl alcohol/maleic acid/tetraethyl orthosilicate (PVA/MA/TEOS) Pervaporation Membrane. The energy consumption includes the external heating and cooling required for the feed and permeate streams, as well as the electrical power associated with pumps for re-circulating feed and maintaining vacuum. The thermal energy requirement is significant (e.g., up to 2609 MJ/m3 of thermal energy) and is required to maintain the feed stream at 65 °C in recirculation mode. The electrical energy requirement is very small (<0.2 kWh/m3 of required at 65 °C feed temperature at steady state) with the vacuum pump contributing to the majority of the electrical energy. The energy required for the pervaporation process was also compared to other desalination processes such as Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multi-stage Flash (MSF), and Multiple Effect Distillation (MED). The electrical energy requirement for pervaporation is the lowest among these desalination technologies. However, the thermal energy needed for pervaporation is significant. Pervaporation may be attractive when the process is integrated with waste heat and heat recovery option and used in niche applications such as RO brine concentration or salt recovery.

scholarly journals Electrical power supply consumption in education sector and energy audit: Case study of University of Jos

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
B.I. Gwaivangmin
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Generating Sets ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

Electricity supply has been identified as the key constraint to industrialization and economic development in Nigeria. The unbundling of the power sector was aimed at boosting electricity supply, this effort has yielded some appreciable results, but not very significant. As a result of the low power generation and distribution, Nigeria’s federal government is working towards solving the prevailing problems of inadequate power in some key sectors by building power generating plants in some of the institutions of learning in the country. This paper looks at the determinants of electrical energy consumption and electrical energy audit, a case study of the University of Jos. The load profiles demand survey, load demand forecast and other important factors were investigated. The result revealed that there is available power of 22–23 hours from the national grid and the balance 1–2 hours of power is supplied by the generating sets, good savings in the cost of diesel and maintenance. An annual excess of 2,199,900 kWH is enjoyed by the university over the national per capita power consumption.

Design of Two-Axis Automatic Sun Tracking System Assisted with Manual Control through LabVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 992-996
Author(s):  
P. Chandra Dheeraj ◽  
B. Avinash ◽  
G. Sai Pavan Kumar ◽  
P.S. Sivasakthivel ◽  
M. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly

With the fast depletion of the conventional energy resources and the amount of pollution it is creating, the entire world is looking for an alternative non-conventional and a renewable energy to lessen the dependency on the conventional energy resources. In this scenario, utilizing solar energy which is abundant in nature is gaining high attention. One way of utilizing solar energy is by using solar photovoltaic cells which convert light energy into electrical energy, but they are too costly and less efficient. Many techniques are being developed to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency in harnessing solar energy. Sun tracking technique is one of the methods to increase the efficiency of solar cells. The present work is focused on providing a microcontroller based automatic two-axis sun tracker using Photodiodes as sensors to track sun. The system is assisted with a manual control through LabVIEW (Graphical User friendly Interface) to aid during bad weather conditions.

scholarly journals Smart Grid Virtualisation for Grid-Based Routing

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879
Author(s):  
Armin Veichtlbauer ◽  
Alexander Heinisch ◽  
Ferdinand von von Tüllenburg ◽  
Peter Dorfinger ◽  
Oliver Langthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Correct Data ◽  
Load Impact

Due to changed power consumption patterns, technological advance and deregulation, the appearance of the power grid in the low and medium voltage segment has changed. The spread of heating and cooling with electrical energy and an increase of electric vehicles as well as the broad rollout of photovoltaic systems has a major impact on the peak power demand of modern households and the volatility smart grids have to face. Thus, besides the load impact of the growing population of electric vehicles, modern households are not only consumers of electrical power, but also power producers, so called prosumers. The rising number of prosumers and the limitations of grid capacities lead to an increasingly distributed system of heterogeneous components, which have to be managed and operated with locality and scalability in mind. Virtualisation technologies, particularly known as state of the art in data centre computing, can lead to a paradigm shift needed to meet the growing demands of this evolution. A key issue here is to forward data to the correct data sinks, where data are required in order to keep the grid balanced. This routing process has to be able to react on grid changes in a timely manner, i.e., it must be based on the instantaneous state of the grid. In this paper, we propose a solution based on virtualising the communication infrastructure in the low and medium voltage grid. We evaluate two different approaches. The first approach is based on SDN; an ONOS SDN controller is used to change the behaviour of the communication infrastructure according to information provided by components of the power grid. The second approach uses Coaty and a Mosquitto MQTT broker to deliver messages to the desired endpoint, again based on information from the power grid.

Modeling of Micro-Cooling, Heating, and Power (Micro-CHP) for Residential or Small Commercial Building Applications

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Mago ◽  
L. M. Chamra ◽  
Alan Moran
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Chp System ◽  
The Cost

The increasing demand for electrical power as well as energy for heating and cooling of residences and small commercial buildings is a growing worldwide concern. Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) is a promising technology for increased energy efficiency through the use of distributed electric and thermal energy delivery systems at end-user sites. Micro-cooling, heating, and power (micro-CHP) is decentralized electricity generation coupled with thermally activated components for residential and small commercial applications. Micro-CHP systems, typically designated as less than thirty kilowatts electric, can simultaneously produce heat, cooling effects, and electrical power. The number of combinations of components and parameters in a micro-CHP system are too many to be designed through experimental work alone. Therefore, theoretical models for different micro-CHP components and complete micro-CHP systems are needed to facilitate the design of these systems and to study their performance. This paper presents a model for micro-CHP systems for residential and small commercial applications. Some of the results that can be obtained using the developed model include: the cost per month of operation of using micro-CHP versus conventional technologies, the amount of fuel per month required to run micro-CHP systems, the overall efficiency of micro-CHP systems, etc. Also, this model allows to evaluate micro-CHP systems using different type of fuels such as: natural gas, propane, biofuels, etc, to determine the fuel that provides the best performance.

Electricity Generation of the Water Weighted Sun Tracking System in Sirindhorn Solar Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 1100-1105
Author(s):  
Manop Hongkammeung ◽  
Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Solar Power Plant ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this research was to investigate and compare the electrical power generation between the water weighted sun tracking system and the fixed installation system of the 1 MW solar power plant at Sirindhorn Dam. Two types of photovoltaic cell used in the water weighted sun tracking system were considered: multi-crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon. The results proved that the multi-crystalline silicon type produced 20.58% and the amorphous silicon type produced 16.57% more electrical energy than those of the fixed installation system, respectively. Overall, the water weighted sun tracking system generated 300,934.11 kWh/year more than that of the fixed installation system. The cost of the water weighted sun tracking system was 8.04 million bath and the payback period was 2.44 years, which was considered an attractive investment.

scholarly journals Recent Climatic Trends and Analysis of Monthly Heating and Cooling Degree Hours in Sydney

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Iro Livada ◽  
Andri Pyrgou ◽  
Shamila Haddad ◽  
Mahsan Sadeghi ◽  
Mattheos Santamouris
Keyword(s):  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Climatic Trends ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Synoptic Conditions

Recent climatic trends of two nearby stations in Sydney were examined in terms of hourly ambient air temperature and wind direction for the time period 1999–2019. A reference was set for the monthly number of cooling (CDH) and heating (HDH) degree hours and the number of monthly hours that temperatures exceeded 24 °C (T24) or were below 14 °C (T14), parameters affecting not only the energy demands but also the quality of life. The degree hours were linked to the dominant synoptic conditions and the local phenomena: sea breeze and inland winds. The results indicated that both areas had higher mean monthly number of HDH (980–1421) than CDH (397–748), thus higher heating demands. The results also showed a higher mean monthly number of T14 (34–471) than T24 (40–320). A complete spatiotemporal profile of the climatic variations was given through the analysis of their dynamic progress and correlation. In order to estimate the daily values of CDH and HDH, T24 and T14 empirical models were calculated per month based on the maximum and minimum daily air temperatures. The use of forecasted weather conditions and the created empirical models may later be used in the energy planning scenarios.

Up-and Down-Conversion,and Multi-Exciton Generation for Improving Solar Cells:A Reality Check

2008 ◽  
Vol 1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagay Shpaisman ◽  
Olivia Niitsoo ◽  
Igor Lubomirsky ◽  
David Cahen
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Detailed Balance ◽  
Single Junction ◽  
Photon Management ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Detailed Balance Limit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Down Conversion

AbstractBecause conventional photovoltaic (PV) cells are threshold systems in terms of optical absorption, “photon management“is an obvious way to improve their performance.Calculations to optimize photon utilization in a single-junction PV cell show ˜1.4 eV to be the optimal bandgap for terrestrial solar to electrical power conversion. For Si, with a slightly sub-optimal gap, continuous efforts have yielded single-junction laboratory cells, quite close to the theoretical limit.One of the repeatedly proposed directions to improve photon management is that of up- and down-conversion of photon energy. In up-conversion two photons with energy hv < EG (the band gap) create one photon with hv > EG, while in down-conversion one photon with energy hv > 2EG, yields two photons with energy hv > EG.Multi-exciton generation (MEG), although not a "photon management" process, can achieve effects like down-conversion, which, though, is more limited than MEG. In MEG one photon with energy hv > nEG yields n electron-hole pairs with energy EG. Because MEG has clear advantages over down-conversion, in the following we will, instead of considering both, consider MEG.We find that a straightforward analysis of this approach to “photon management” for a single junction cell under the detailed balance limit shows clearly that, even if we assume (highly unrealistic) 100% efficient up-conversion and MEG, a new theoretical PV conversion limit of 49 %, instead of 31% is arrived at, a maximum possible gain of ≈60%. The main attractive feature of the combination of up-conversion and MEG is a significant broadening of the optimal band-gap range. Rough estimates for the very highest possibly feasible efficiencies for up-conversion and MEG (25% and 70% respectively), yield at most slightly less than 40% PV conversion efficiency, i.e., only a ˜25% gain over conventional single band gap semiconductor.These results show that up-conversion or MEG are fascinating scientific areas of research, whose implementation can indeed improve PV cell performance. However, truly formidable challenges need to be met to have UC + MEG lead to the type of radical decrease in the (cost)/ (efficiency × lifetime × yield) ratio that we need to allow large-scale economic introduction of PV cells. Parallel pursuit of alternative approaches to improved photon management, such as, for example, lowering the costs of arrangements with multiple solar absorbers and/or multi-junction systems, appears, therefore, critical for the future of PV.

scholarly journals Special Issue on Wind Turbine Prognostics and Health Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David He ◽  
Eric Bechhoefer ◽  
Abhinav Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Prognostics And Health Management ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Installed Capacity

WIND POWER generating capacity was 239 GW at the end of 2011, with a further 46 GW of installed capacity to be operational by the end of 2012. While only providing 2.8% of the energy produced in the United States, it is anticipated that by 2030, almost 20% of the total electrical energy will come from wind. This widespread deployment of industrial wind projects will require a more proactive maintenance strategy in order to be more cost competitive with traditional energy systems, such as natural gas or coal. This will be particularly true for offshore wind projects, where availability of the site for maintenance can be restricted for extended periods of time due to weather conditions. Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) of these assets can improve operational availability while reducing the cost of unscheduled maintenance.

scholarly journals Parametric and Economic Analysis of a Pumped Storage System Powered by Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Diego Penagos Vásquez ◽  
Daniel Sanín Villa
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Pelton Turbine ◽  
Pumped Storage ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
The Cost

This article presents a mathematical model to calculate the cost and production of electrical energy of a system that combines energy storage through renewable sources such as wind and solar energy, applying a theoretical framework of mathematical aspects to evaluate a pumped storage system with Pelton turbines, using a novel methodology, easy to replicate. The results show that a greater increase in the diameter in the pipe of the pumping equipment reduces the electrical power supplied to the pump. On the other hand, the hydraulic losses in the pipe leading to the Pelton turbine are negligible for long lengths, so setting the maximum length instead of a variable-length with the hydraulic height does not affect the result. Finally, the information and explanation of each of the graphs that correlate to the variables of interest are shown. This seeks to offer a contribution to support technological development in areas that do not have electricity, taking advantage of natural resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document