scholarly journals Recent Climatic Trends and Analysis of Monthly Heating and Cooling Degree Hours in Sydney

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Iro Livada ◽  
Andri Pyrgou ◽  
Shamila Haddad ◽  
Mahsan Sadeghi ◽  
Mattheos Santamouris
Keyword(s):  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Climatic Trends ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Synoptic Conditions

Recent climatic trends of two nearby stations in Sydney were examined in terms of hourly ambient air temperature and wind direction for the time period 1999–2019. A reference was set for the monthly number of cooling (CDH) and heating (HDH) degree hours and the number of monthly hours that temperatures exceeded 24 °C (T24) or were below 14 °C (T14), parameters affecting not only the energy demands but also the quality of life. The degree hours were linked to the dominant synoptic conditions and the local phenomena: sea breeze and inland winds. The results indicated that both areas had higher mean monthly number of HDH (980–1421) than CDH (397–748), thus higher heating demands. The results also showed a higher mean monthly number of T14 (34–471) than T24 (40–320). A complete spatiotemporal profile of the climatic variations was given through the analysis of their dynamic progress and correlation. In order to estimate the daily values of CDH and HDH, T24 and T14 empirical models were calculated per month based on the maximum and minimum daily air temperatures. The use of forecasted weather conditions and the created empirical models may later be used in the energy planning scenarios.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC MODULATION OF THERMAL TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY RATIO PRODUCED FROM PV/T MODULE

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-323
Author(s):  
Anges A. Aminou Moussavou ◽  
Atanda K. Raji ◽  
Marco Adonis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
The Cost ◽  
T System

Several strategies have been developed to enhance the performance of a solar photovoltaicthermal (PV/T) system in buildings. However, these systems are limited by the cost, complex structure and power consumed by the pump. This paper proposes an optimisation method conversion strategy that modulates the ratio of thermal to electrical energy from the photovoltaic (PV) cell, to increase the PV/T system’s performance. The design and modelling of a PV cell was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the heat transfer occurring in the PV cell model, which converts the radiation (solar) into heat and electricity. A linear regression equation curve was used to define the ratio of thermal to electrical energy technique, and the behavioural patterns of various types of power (thermal and electrical) as a function of extrinsic cell resistance (Rse). The simulation results show an effective balance of the thermal and electrical power when adjusting the Rse. The strategy to modulate the ratio of thermal to electrical energy from the PV cell may optimise the PV/T system’s performance. A change of Rse might be an effective method of controlling the amount of thermal and electrical energy from the PV cell to support the PV/T system temporally, based on the energy need. The optimisation technique of the PV/T system using the PV cell is particularly useful for households since they require electricity, heating, and cooling. Applying this technique demonstrates the ability of the PV/T system to balance the energy ( thermal and electrical) produced based on the weather conditions and the user’s energy demands.

scholarly journals Effect of Insulation on the Energy Demand of a Standardized Container Facility at Airports in Spain under Different Weather Conditions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5263
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Feijoo ◽  
Pedro Orgeira-Crespo ◽  
Elena Arce ◽  
Andrés Suárez-García ◽  
José Roberto Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Airports, broadly spread world-wide, present continuously increasing energy demands for heating and cooling purposes. Relocatable facilities within them could be built on recycling shipping containers provided with the right insulation layer, to reduce the outstanding consumption of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC). This research focuses on studying the effect of added insulation on the thermal performance of a construction in the scope of an airport facility, based on a recycled shipping container. Passive heating and cooling insulation strategies have shown good results in terms of energy savings. A series of simulations were performed along six different Spanish airports locations, selected to represent several climate conditions. Temperature evolution inside the container, and energy demands of the HVAC system were obtained to show that the insulation provided by phase change materials (PCM) is performing better than traditional insulation, or a raw container. Although there are slight behavior differences according to the climate, PCM can increase inside temperature even with no HVAC under certain circumstances.

Vulnerability of sweet cherry cultivars to continuous periods of spring frosts in Plovdiv, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
S. Malchev ◽  
S. Savchovska
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Form ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Abstract. The periods with continuous freezing air temperatures reported during the spring of 2020 (13 incidents) affected a wide range of local and introduced sweet cherry cultivars in the region of Plovdiv. They vary from -0.6°C on March 02 to -4.9°C on March 16-17. The duration of influence of the lowest temperatures is 6 and 12 hours between March 16 and 17. The inspection of fruit buds and flowers was conducted twice (on March 26 and April 08) at different phenological stages after continuous waves of cold weather conditions alternated with high temperatures. During the phenological phase ‘bud burst’ (tight cluster or BBCH 55) some of the flowers in the buds did not develop further making the damage hardly detectable. The most damaged are hybrid El.28-21 (95.00%), ‘Van’ (91.89%) and ‘Bing’ (89.41%) and from the next group ‘Lapins’ (85.98%) and ‘Rosita’ (83.33%). A larger intermediate group form ‘Kossara’ (81.67%), ‘Rozalina’ (76.00%), ‘Sunburst’ (75.00%), ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ (69.11%) and ‘Kuklenska belitza’ (66.67%). Candidate-cultivar El.17-90 ‘Asparuh’ has the lowest frost damage values of 55.00% and El.17-37 ‘Tzvetina’ with damage of 50.60%.

Robust Environmental Sensing Using UAVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ahmed Boubrima ◽  
Edward W. Knightly
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Compound Pollution ◽  
Planning Algorithm

In this article, we first investigate the quality of aerial air pollution measurements and characterize the main error sources of drone-mounted gas sensors. To that end, we build ASTRO+, an aerial-ground pollution monitoring platform, and use it to collect a comprehensive dataset of both aerial and reference air pollution measurements. We show that the dynamic airflow caused by drones affects temperature and humidity levels of the ambient air, which then affect the measurement quality of gas sensors. Then, in the second part of this article, we leverage the effects of weather conditions on pollution measurements’ quality in order to design an unmanned aerial vehicle mission planning algorithm that adapts the trajectory of the drones while taking into account the quality of aerial measurements. We evaluate our mission planning approach based on a Volatile Organic Compound pollution dataset and show a high-performance improvement that is maintained even when pollution dynamics are high.

Predicted changes in energy demands for heating and cooling due to climate change

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojca Dolinar ◽  
Boris Vidrih ◽  
Lučka Kajfež-Bogataj ◽  
Sašo Medved
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands

Physical fitness and thermoregulatory reactions in a cold environment in men

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1984-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Bittel ◽  
C. Nonotte-Varly ◽  
G. H. Livecchi-Gonnot ◽  
G. L. Savourey ◽  
A. M. Hanniquet
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Metabolic Heat Production ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Thermoregulatory Reactions

The relationship between the physical fitness level (maximal O2 consumption, VO2max) and thermoregulatory reactions was studied in 17 adult males submitted to an acute cold exposure. Standard cold tests were performed in nude subjects, lying for 2 h in a climatic chamber at three ambient air temperatures (10, 5, and 1 degrees C). The level of physical fitness conditioned the intensity of thermoregulatory reactions to cold. For all subjects, there was a direct relationship between physical fitness and 1) metabolic heat production, 2) level of mean skin temperature (Tsk), 3) level of skin conductance, and 4) level of Tsk at the onset of shivering. The predominance of thermogenic or insulative reactions depended on the intensity of the cold stress: insulative reactions were preferential at 10 degrees C, or even at 5 degrees C, whereas colder ambient temperature (1 degree C) triggered metabolic heat production abilities, which were closely related to the subject's physical fitness level. Fit subjects have more efficient thermoregulatory abilities against cold stress than unfit subjects, certainly because of an improved sensitivity of the thermoregulatory system.

scholarly journals Direct Calculation of Thermodynamic Wet-Bulb Temperature as a Function of Pressure and Elevation

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1757-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed-Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Troy R. Peters ◽  
Douglas R. Cobos ◽  
Henry W. Loescher ◽  
Colin S. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Abstract A simple analytical method was developed for directly calculating the thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature from air temperature and the vapor pressure (or relative humidity) at elevations up to 4500 m above MSL was developed. This methodology was based on the fact that the wet-bulb temperature can be closely approximated by a second-order polynomial in both the positive and negative ranges in ambient air temperature. The method in this study builds upon this understanding and provides results for the negative range of air temperatures (−17° to 0°C), so that the maximum observed error in this area is equal to or smaller than −0.17°C. For temperatures ≥0°C, wet-bulb temperature accuracy was ±0.65°C, and larger errors corresponded to very high temperatures (Ta ≥ 39°C) and/or very high or low relative humidities (5% < RH < 10% or RH > 98%). The mean absolute error and the root-mean-square error were 0.15° and 0.2°C, respectively.

scholarly journals Regional background O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> in the Houston-Galveston- Brazoria (TX) region: A decadal-scale perspective

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana G. Suciu ◽  
Robert J. Griffin ◽  
Caroline A. Masiello
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Regional Background ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Local Emissions

Abstract. Ozone (O3) in the lower troposphere is harmful to people and plants, particularly during summer, when photochemistry is the most active and higher temperatures favor local chemistry. Because of its dependence on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to nitrogen oxides (NOx) ratio, ground-level O3 is difficult to control locally, where many sources of these precursors contribute to its mixing ratio. In addition to local emissions, chemistry and transport, larger-scale factors also contribute to local O3 and NOx. These additional contributions (often referred to as "regional background") are not well quantified within the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) region, impeding more efficient controls on precursor emissions to achieve compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for O3. In this study, we estimate regional background O3 and NOx in the HGB region and quantify their decadal-scale trends. We use four different approaches based on principal component analysis (PCA) to quantify background O3 and NOx. Three of these approaches consist of independent PCA on both O3 and NOx for both 1-h and 8-h levels to compare our results with previous studies and to highlight the effect of both temporal and spatial scales. In the fourth approach, we co-varied O3, NOx and meteorology. Our results show that the estimation of regional background O3 has less inherent uncertainty when it was constrained by NOx and meteorology, yielding a statistically significant temporal trend of −0.69 ± 0.27 ppb y−1. Likewise, the estimation of regional background NOx trend constrained by O3 and meteorology was −0.04 ± 0.02 ppb y−1. Our best estimates of 17-y average of season-scale background O3 and NOx were 46.72 ± 2.08 ppb and 6.80 ± 0.13 ppb, respectively. Regional background O3 and NOx both have declined over time in the HGB region. This decline is likely caused by a combination of state of Texas controls on precursor emissions since 2007 and the increase in frequency of flow from the Gulf of Mexico over the same time period.

scholarly journals PLANHEAT’s Satellite-Derived Heating and Cooling Degrees Dataset for Energy Demand Mapping and Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 2048
Author(s):  
Sismanidis ◽  
Keramitsoglou ◽  
Barberis ◽  
Dorotić ◽  
Bechtel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Infrared Imager

The urban heat island (UHI) effect influences the heating and cooling (H&C) energy demand of buildings and should be taken into account in H&C energy demand simulations. To provide information about this effect, the PLANHEAT integrated tool—which is a GIS-based, open-source software tool for selecting, simulating and comparing alternative low-carbon and economically sustainable H&C scenarios—includes a dataset of 1 × 1 km hourly heating and cooling degrees (HD and CD, respectively). HD and CD are energy demand proxies that are defined as the deviation of the outdoor surface air temperature from a base temperature, above or below which a building is assumed to need heating or cooling, respectively. PLANHEAT’s HD and CD are calculated from a dataset of gridded surface air temperatures that have been derived using satellite thermal data from Meteosat-10 Spinning Enhanced Visible and Near-Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). This article describes the method for producing this dataset and presents the results for Antwerp (Belgium), which is one of the three validation cities of PLANHEAT. The results demonstrate the spatial and temporal information of PLANHEAT’s HD and CD dataset, while the accuracy assessment reveals that they agree well with reference values retrieved from in situ surface air temperatures. This dataset is an example of application-oriented research that provides location-specific results with practical utility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document