scholarly journals Equilibrum Composition of Thermal Plasma with Copper and Chromium Vapours Admixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
M. Bartlova ◽  
O. Coufal ◽  
A. Veklich ◽  
J. Pokorny
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Equilibrium Composition ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Air Plasma ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Contact Erosion ◽  
Energy Exchanges

Thermal plasma of electric arc is widely used in various technological applications: welding, cutting, lamps, spraying, protection of electrical installations, etc. Process efficiency is defined by different parameters that determine arc operation and influence the energy transfer within the medium. All energy exchanges depend on the medium, which is modified by the presence of the arc and more particularly by the appearance of new species from contact erosion. Sintered Cu-Cr composites are widely used as electrical contacts for vacuum circuit breakers. These materials take advantage of the high thermal and electrical conductivity of Cu and of the refractory and oxygen getter properties of reinforcing Cr particles. The aim of this paper is to give results of the calculation of the equilibrium composition of argon and air plasma with various admixtures of Cu and Cr.

scholarly journals Thermal Plasma of Electric Arc Discharge Between Composite Cu-Cr Electrsodes: Optical Emission and Electrode Surface Interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
A. Murmantsev ◽  
A. Veklich ◽  
V. Boretskij ◽  
M. Bartlová ◽  
L. Dostál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Electric Arc Discharge ◽  
Surface Modified

This work deals with investigations of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between sintered composite Cu-Cr electrodes, which can be used in electrical contacts of vacuum circuit breakers. Breaking arcs between composite Cu-Cr as well as single-component copper electrodes were used to study the electrical properties, plasma optical emission and electrodes surface modification behavior. In particular, the temporal evolution of plasma emission spectra of electric breaking arcs in air atmosphere was investigated by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) were applied to analyze the cross-section of working layer of electrodes surface modified by the heat flux from the discharge.

ANACONDA ALLOY (E) 505

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Flexible Metal

Abstract ANACONDA Alloy (E) 505 is a low-tin phosphor bronze with excellent resistance to corrosion, excellent ductility and good resistance to fatigue. It has good thermal and electrical conductivity. Its uses include flexible metal hose, electrical contacts, fuse clips and fasteners. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-385. Producer or source: Anaconda American Brass Company.

Electrical contact performance of various electro-deposited graphene reinforced silver-based nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
Ramazan Karslioglu ◽  
Lujain Al-Falahi
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Current ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Reverse Current ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Arc Erosion ◽  
Contact Test ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Contact Erosion ◽  
Pulse Reverse

Abstract Silver and silver(Ag)-graphene(Gr) nanocomposite coatings were prepared via direct current, pulse current and pulse reverse current on copper electrical contacts for evaluating electrical contact performance. The effects of the addition of Gr and current types on microstructure, crystallographic orientation, mechanical properties and electrical contact performance were investigataed via a scanning electron microscope, an X-Ray diffractometer, microhardness test device and an electrical contact test device, respectively. The addition of Gr changed the Ag surface morphology and decreased grain sizes. Moreover, the addition of Gr significantly improved arc erosion resistivity and decreased the average working temperature during the contact test. In addition, pulse current and pulse reverse current provided a significant improvement in microhardness and electrical contact erosion resistance owing to increased embedded graphene amounts in silver layers.

scholarly journals Online Assessment of Contact Erosion in High Voltage Gas Circuit Breakers Based on Different Physical Quantities

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Mohammadhosein ◽  
Kaveh Niayesh ◽  
Amir Abbas Shayegani-Akmal ◽  
Hossein Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Online Assessment ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Contact Erosion ◽  
Physical Quantities

Why Gold Flash Can Be Detrimental to Long-Term Reliability

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingsong Xie ◽  
Ming Sun ◽  
Michael Pecht ◽  
David F. Barbe
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Failure ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Insight Into

Most connectors are made from copper or copper alloys, with beryllium copper and phosphor bronze being the most common base materials due to their high electrical conductivity, low stress relaxation, and competitive cost. The most significant drawback is copper’s low resistance to corrosion, which can lead to electrical failure of connectors. For this reason, a layer of gold is often plated on the surfaces of connectors to seal off the base metal from being directly exposed to the environment. As an economical practice, gold flashing has been used to protect electrical contacts from corrosion. However, there is increasing evidence indicating that gold flashing can be detrimental in applications calling for long-term reliability. This paper provides insight into reliability issues of gold flash.

Spectroscopy peculiarities of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between electrodes with Zn admixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Semenyshyn ◽  
A.N. Veklich ◽  
I.L. Babich ◽  
V.F. Boretskij
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Electric Arc Discharge

Thermodynamic Modelling of Boron Nitride Formation in Thermal Plasma

2006 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Radić-Perić
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Composition ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Theoretical Determination ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
Nitride Formation ◽  
Boron Nitrogen

The synthesis of solid BN in thermal plasma is investigated theoretically by computing the equilibrium composition of a gas mixture containing boron, nitrogen, hydrogen and argon. The calculations are done for the temperature range between 500 and 6000 K and the total pressure in the system of 1 bar. They are based on the fact that thermal plasma is in local thermodynamic equilibrium, which makes possible theoretical determination (by employing the Gibbs free energy data for the compounds present in the system) of its equilibrium composition. From the calculated compositions of investigated gas systems, the temperature zones with saturated and/or oversaturated vapour of B and B2N are determined and the formation mechanism of BN in solid state is proposed.

Effects of TiO2 sol on the microstructure and properties of Au–Co coatings

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (16-19) ◽  
pp. 1744028
Author(s):  
See Leng Tay ◽  
Jowin Van Vliet ◽  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
Fengyan Hou ◽  
Chao Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Short Service Life ◽  
Tio2 Sol

Gold (Au) coatings are widely used for electrical contacts in devices, decoration and jewelry. However, the relatively low hardness and poor wear resistance of pure Au coatings lead to a short service life and limit their application. Ni is frequently used as an alloying element to enhance the hardness but it lowers the conductivity of Au coatings. In this research, Co was co-deposited as an alloying element with Au to improve its mechanical properties while maintaining conductivity. TiO2 sol in different concentrations was added to the Au–Co plating bath to further enhance the coating strength. Systematic studies including surface morphology, hardness, wear resistance and electrical conductivity have been carried out. Key results from nanoindentation tests demonstrated that the hardness of Au–Co–TiO2 composite coating was increased by 30% when compared to a pure Au–Co coating, while the electrical conductivity has been kept at the same level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document