Die besondere Kontur von Bonhoeffers Mystik. Thomas von Kempen als spiritueller Impulsgeber Dietrich Bonhoeffers

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Peter Zimmerling
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Imitatio Christi ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Imitation Of Christ ◽  
History Of

Abstract This essay aims at corroborating the thesis that Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s spirituality contains a mystical dimension owing its characteristics to Thomas à Kempis’ Imitatio Christi. First the role of the Imitation of Christ in Bonhoeffer’s life and work is explained. A second part shows concrete substantial parallels between Bonhoeffer and Thomas à Kempis, primarily based on citations from Bonhoeffer’s oeuvre. Finally the essay tries to sketch the specific mystical pro­file of Bonhoeffer’s spirituality. A short review of the history of research precedes each part.

scholarly journals The role of the emotions of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Alexandra Shiller
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodology Of Science

This article is dedicated to examination of the role of guilt and shame, namely to prevalence one of these emotions in a particular culture as the leading mechanism of social control. The prevalence of guilt or shame as a cultural “dimension” has become one of the first criteria for the division of cultures into Western and Eastern, and was used by the researchers as a basic postulate for cross-cultural r. Over time, the perception of emotions as the criterion for the division of cultures has been revised. The article traces the history of research on emotions in general, namely the emotions of guilt and shame as social emotions, as well as describes guilt and shame as collective and individual experiences. Analysis is conducted on the role of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions, cross-cultural studies. The author outlines certain methodological problems and contradictions, and assesses the current state of scientific research dedicated to social emotions. The conclusion is made that the research on collective sense of guilt and shame is more advanced from the perspective of cross-cultural psychology and philosophy, as well as the overall methodology of science; it allows shifting from the study of the role of individual emotions in interpersonal (conditioned by collective ties), intergroup and intragroup communication towards the integrated study of emotions associated with interaction of the individual and society, i.e. social experiences.

Attitudes and Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Haddock ◽  
Sapphira Thorne ◽  
Lukas Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Primary Reason ◽  
Controlled Processes ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Attitude Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Attitudes refer to overall evaluations of people, groups, ideas, and other objects, reflecting whether individuals like or dislike them. Attitudes have been found to be good predictors of behavior, with generally medium-sized effects. The role of attitudes in guiding behavior may be the primary reason why people’s social lives often revolve around expressing and discussing their attitudes, and why social psychology researchers have spent decades examining attitudes. Two central questions in the study of attitudes concern when and how attitudes predict behavior. The “when” question has been addressed over decades of research that has identified circumstances under which attitudes are more or less likely to predict behavior. That is, attitudes are stronger predictors of behaviors when both constructs are assessed in a corresponding or matching way, when attitudes are stronger, and among certain individuals and in certain situations and domains. The “how” question concerns influential models in the attitudes literature that provide a better understanding of the processes through which attitudes are linked with behaviors. For instance, these models indicate that other constructs need to be taken into account in understanding the attitude-behavior link, including intentions to perform a behavior, whether individuals perceive themselves to be in control of their behavior, and what they believe others around them think the individual should do (i.e., norms). The models also describe whether attitudes relate to behavior through relatively deliberative and controlled processes or relatively automatic and spontaneous processes. Overall, the long history of research on attitude-behavior links has provided a clearer prediction of when attitudes are linked with behaviors and a better understanding of the processes underlying this link.

Looking backwards to look forwards: the role of natural history in temperate reef ecology

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Hawkins ◽  
N. Mieszkowska ◽  
L. B. Firth ◽  
K. Bohn ◽  
M. T. Burrows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Temperate Reefs ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Rich History

Temperate reefs are superb tractable systems for testing hypotheses in ecology and evolutionary biology. Accordingly there is a rich history of research stretching back over 100 years, which has made major contributions to general ecological and evolutionary theory as well as providing better understanding of how littoral systems work by linking pattern with process. A brief resumé of the history of temperate reef ecology is provided to celebrate this rich heritage. As a community, temperate reef ecologists generally do well designed experiments and test well formulated hypotheses. Increasingly large datasets are being collected, collated and subjected to complex meta-analyses and used for modelling. These datasets do not happen spontaneously – the burgeoning subject of macroecology is possible only because of the efforts of dedicated natural historians whether it be observing birds, butterflies, or barnacles. High-quality natural history and old-fashioned field craft enable surveys or experiments to be stratified (i.e. replicates are replicates and not a random bit of rock) and lead to the generation of more insightful hypotheses. Modern molecular approaches have led to the discovery of cryptic species and provided phylogeographical insights, but natural history is still required to identify species in the field. We advocate a blend of modern approaches with old school skills and a fondness for temperate reefs in all their splendour.

scholarly journals Role of cytoglobin, a novel radical scavenger, in stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi Thanh Thuy ◽  
Hoang Hai ◽  
Norifumi Kawada
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
History Of

Cytoglobin (Cygb), a stellate cell-specific globin, has recently drawn attention due to its association with liver fibrosis. In the livers of both humans and rodents, Cygb is expressed only in stellate cells and can be utilized as a marker to distinguish stellate cells from hepatic fibroblast-derived myofibroblasts. Loss of Cygb accelerates liver fibrosis and cancer development in mouse models of chronic liver injury including diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct ligation-induced cholestasis, thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis, and choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. This review focuses on the history of research into the role of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species in liver fibrosis and discusses the current perception of Cygb as a novel radical scavenger with an emphasis on its role in hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis.

scholarly journals Translation in EFL Classroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Arta TOÇI
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
First Language ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
East European ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of

Throughout much of the history of research into second language acquisition (SLA), the role of learners’ first language (L1) has been a hotly debated issue. Prodromou (2000) refers to the mother tongue as a ‘skeleton in the closet’, while Gabrielatos (2001) calls it a ‘bone of contention’. Such views are but a mere reflection of the different methodological shifts in English Language Teaching, which have brought about new and different outlooks on the role of the mother tongue. The conflict itself is taking place in academic circles rather than in classrooms, where the use of L1 is still considered unacceptable owing to the predominance of the communicative method in language teaching.   Research on the role that mother tongue has for the non-native learners of English has been conducted around the world, however none in North Macedonia. This research aims to explore some of the controversy regarding the use of the student’s first language (L1), as well as to suggest translation activities as a beneficial tool for the students of South East European University in Tetovo, North Macedonia. It also provides insights into native language interference in the process of translating from students’ mother tongue into English, and vs.

scholarly journals The Forgotten Female Figurines of Elephantine

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Collin Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Religious Significance ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of

Abstract In spite of renewed scholarly interest in the religion of Judeans living on the island of Elephantine during the Persian period, only one recent study has addressed the religious significance of the fired clay female figurines discovered there. The present article seeks to place these objects back on the research agenda. After summarizing the history of research, it also makes a new appraisal of the role of these objects in the religious life of Elephantine Judeans. Two factors prompt this reevaluation: first, newly found examples of the same figurine types; and second, Bob Becking’s recent research on Elephantine Aramaic texts attesting the phenomenon of “lending deities.”

scholarly journals The Eternal Peasant and the Timeless Village. Archaeology and Ideologies of the Past

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-73
Author(s):  
Rainer Schreg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Life ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Rural History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
The One

The perspectives on the medieval village and on the historical role of peasants have changed throughout the history of research. Traditional views on history saw rural life as unchangeable and therefore presumed that villages were rooted in the migration period. Modern research recognised the formation of the medieval village as a complex long-term process that, depending on the region, culminated in the 11th – 13th century. This paper takes a closer look at the situation in southwestern Germany, analysing research history on the one hand and selected episodes of medieval rural history on the other. The paper suggests that due to traditional views on the structure of history, peasants’ agency has been undervalued.  

"Life itself acquainted me with and made me become an intimate friend of language…" (to the V. I. Dal’s 220th anniversary of the birth)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
M. N. Priemysheva
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Birthday Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
Educational Potential

This paper devoted to V. I. Dal’s 220th birthday anniversary presents a short review of his creative, professional activity in the context of compiling "The Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language". Being exemplified by a brief scientific discussion which dates back to the end of the XIXth century, the role of this Dictionary in the history of the academic explanatory lexicography development is highlighted in greater detail. The aim of the study was to generalise the well-known facts about V. I. Dal and his Dictionary as well as to refer to lesser-known sources. V. I. Dal contributed significantly to each of the spheres in which he was creatively or professionally involved: he was a naval officer, a doctor, a writer, and a civil servant of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. All Dal’s professional and creative experience as well as his in-depth knowledge of folklife had an impact on the structure, form, and content of the Dictionary: they made it the yardstick and exemplar of Russian lexicography. This thesis is expounded in the course of studying I. Kh. Pachmann’s critical "Memorandum" (1899) concerning the commencement of the work on the "Shakhmatov’s revision" of the academic "Dictionary of the Russian Language". Additionally, this "Memorandum" provides certain evaluation of Dal’s edition from the perspective of its educational potential that could be exploited in school education. Despite the drawbacks revealed by his contemporaries, V. I. Dal’s dictionary inadvertently became the yardstick and exemplar in the discussion of the moot issues arising during the initiation of the new academic project. It is this dictionary that influenced the further development of explanatory academic lexicography.

A History of Creole Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Moreira de Sousa ◽  
Johannes Mücke ◽  
Philipp Krämer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Creole Languages ◽  
The 19Th Century

As an institutionalized subfield of academic research, Creole studies (or Creolistics) emerged in the second half of the 20th century on the basis of pioneering works in the last decades of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. Yet its research traditions—just like the Creole languages themselves—are much older and are deeply intertwined with the history of European colonialism, slavery, and Christian missionary activities all around the globe. Throughout the history of research, creolists focused on the emergence of Creole languages and their grammatical structures—often in comparison to European colonial languages. In connection with the observations in grammar and history, creolists discussed theoretical matters such as the role of language acquisition in creolization, the status of Creoles among the other languages in the world, and the social conditions in which they are or were spoken. These discussions molded the way in which the acquired knowledge was transmitted to the following generations of creolists.

scholarly journals A Brief History of Airway Smooth Muscle’s Role in Airway Hyperresponsiveness

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Pascoe ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
H. T. Syyong ◽  
P. D. Paré
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cardiac Muscles ◽  
Precise Role

A link between airway smooth muscle (ASM) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma was first postulated in the midnineteenth century, and the suspected link has garnered ever increasing interest over the years. AHR is characterized by excessive narrowing of airways in response to nonspecific stimuli, and it is the ASM that drives this narrowing. The stimuli that can be used to demonstrate AHR vary widely, as do the potential mechanisms by which phenotypic changes in ASM or nonmuscle factors can contribute to AHR. In this paper, we review the history of research on airway smooth muscle’s role in airway hyperresponsiveness. This research has ranged from analyzing the quantity of ASM in the airways to testing for alterations in the plastic behavior of smooth muscle, which distinguishes it from skeletal and cardiac muscles. This long history of research and the continued interest in this topic mean that the precise role of ASM in airway responsiveness remains elusive, which makes it a pertinent topic for this collection of articles.

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