When They Blew the Levee

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Todd Lawrence ◽  
Elaine J. Lawless
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Management Agency ◽  
Levee Breach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Town ◽  
Flood Diversion

In this ethnography of a destroyed town in southern Missouri’s Bootheel region, authors David Todd Lawrence and Elaine J. Lawless examine two conflicting narratives about the flood of 2011—one promoted by the Corps of Engineers that boasts the success of the levee breach and the flood diversion, and the other gleaned from oral narratives collected from the displaced Pinhook residents, stories that reveal a lack of concern on the part of the government for the destruction of their town. Receiving inadequate warning and no evacuation assistance during the breach, residents lost everything. Many still seek restitution and funding for relocation and reconstruction of their town. The authors’ research traces a long history of discrimination and neglect of the rights of the Pinhook community, beginning with migration from the Deep South to the southern-most counties in Missouri, through purchasing and farming the land, up to the Birds Point levee breach. Their stories relate what it has been like for the former residents of this stable African American town to be displaced dispersed in other small towns, living with relatives and friends while trying to negotiate the bureaucracy surrounding Federal Emergency Management Agency and State Emergency Management Agency assistance. Ultimately, the stories of displaced citizens of Pinhook reveal a strong African American community, whose bonds were developed over time and through shared traditions, bonds that will persist even if the town is never rebuilt.

MODERN PROGRESS OF EVENTFUL TOURISM TRENDS ІN ZAKARPATTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Natalia PANKIV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Government Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Status ◽  
History Of Study

Theoretical principles and history of study of eventful tourism, his classification, and also modern state of this sphere, are considered in the article. Progress of eventful tourism trends are analysed on Zakarpattia and it is set that during the last years there are positive tendencies in relation to their development, in particular: the specialized tour operators that offer corresponding tours and the new objects of eventful rest are opened appear. It is educed that Zakarpattia is extraordinarily rich in traditions and ethnic colour and has considerable advantages for development of eventful tourism, as here is considerable tourist-recreational potential. In villages and small towns Zakarpattia the most various and interesting festivals and holidays pass that, it is possible conditionally to divide into three groups-guilty, gastronomic and folklore. Lately large popularity was purchased by the tours of flowers on Zakarpattia. Eventful tourism is perspective on Zakarpattia, with inexhaustible resource potential, and the programs of festivals are saturated, original and interesting and profitable. They assist to socio-economic development of area, popularization of potential tourist resources among a population. Important pre-condition of organization of festival tourism is the timely informing and advertising of events, popularity to information about her and organization of her systematic realization. Most permanent festivals have own web-sites, on that there is information about realization and program of measures, tourist infrastructure, transport report. Forming of positive image of region and increase of amount of tourists is assisted by tourist-informative centers that accumulate information about tourist-recreational suggestions. Without regard to plenty of festivals international status is had only separate from them. Therefore, in order to attract the attention of tourists to Zakarpattia, it is expedient to create the government program of assistance and development of festival motion and distinguish the regional centers of festival tourism. Such regional centers can be cities that are selected on the principle of scale and the possibility of representation of an event. Such centers in the region can be Uzhgorod, Beregovo, Rakhiv, Mukachevo.

Risk assessment of threats in Czestochowa county based on the FEMA methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Monika Kowalczyk ◽  
Urszula Nowacka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Federal Emergency Management Agency ◽  
Management Agency ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Detailed Assessment

The article presents a description of the methodology of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which allows for a detailed assessment of each threat separately, in a numerical manner. The FEMA methodology uses four criteria: history of the event, vulnerability, probability and maximum threat. The aim and method of research was determined and the risk analysis of threats in Częstochowa County was estimated on the basis of FEMA methodology. The conducted research allowed to draw attention to the advantages and disadvantages of the FEMA methodology.

Black Music USA: From African to African American Music

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Robert Sacré
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black People ◽  
Gospel Music ◽  
American Music ◽  
Black Music ◽  
Deep South ◽  
African American Music ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primitive Forms ◽  
Work Songs

This chapter discusses the history of African American Music. Many of the roots of black American music lie in Africa more than four hundred years ago at the start of the slave trade. It is essential to realize that the importance given to music and dance in Africa was reflected among black people in America in the songs they sang, in their dancing, and at their folk gatherings. As such, every aspect of jazz, blues, and gospel music is African to some degree. Work songs and the related prison songs are precursors of the blues. One can assume that primitive forms of pre-blues appeared around 1885, mostly in the Deep South and predominantly in the state of Mississippi. However, it was several more years before the famous AAB twelve-bar structure appeared, and when it did, one of its leading practitioners was Charley Patton.

scholarly journals IV.—Rules of the Free School at Saffron Walden, in Essex, in the reign of Henry VIII., communicated by Thomas Wright, Esq., F.S.A., in a letter to Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N., F.R.S., Director

Archaeologia ◽  
1851 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Thomas Wright
Keyword(s):  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Free School ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Town

In turning over the records of the town of Saffron Walden a few weeks ago, I found a volume of rather miscellaneous matter relating to the government of the town, which appears to be chiefly in the writing of the time of Henry the Eighth, and in which are two programmes of Regulations for the management of the Free Grammar School established there in 1525, drawn up by two different masters. They are documents of a kind which are rare, and I think of some interest, connected with one of the most important of all subjects—the history of the development of the human intelligence.

scholarly journals Socio-economic Impact of Unsystematic Mine Closure: A case of Kolar Gold Fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Kandasamyhariramguptha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mine Closure ◽  
Mill Tailings ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Town

This paper aims to study the Socio-Economic impact of un-systematic mine closure on the community and the neighborhood which is completely dependent on the mining. The sudden closure of the mines will affect the community’s entire livelihood and has counter effect on health, employment, environment, population and economy. India as a developing nation with its rich minerals content contributes sufficient towards the economic growth of the mining industry but the livelihood of the mining workers and their family are always kept in high level of risk. The policies and acts to control un-planned mine closure and counter its effects on the community should be made strong by the government. Kolar Gold fields, Karnataka (KGF) which holds an history of 120 years of mining and second deepest mine in the world has been chosen for the study. It is one among of the mines in the country which experienced the un-systematic closure in 2001 and facing its effects due to mill tailings, land contamination and loss of employment till date. These issues and challenges faced by the people of KGF will be addressed and can be improved if the government, mining company and people shows their support and interest for reviving the town.

scholarly journals El polémico viaje de Eduardo Dato a Cataluña en mayo de 1900 = The Controversial Journey of Eduardo Dato to Cataluña in May of 1900

2018 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Roberto Costa Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Town Hall ◽  
Political Career ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Town

En 1899 arranca el primer gobierno de Francisco Silvela. Con él, detentando el Ministerio de Gobernación, un prestigioso abogado que había accedido a la política quince años atrás; Eduardo Dato. Tras investigar un asunto de grave corrupción en el consistorio de Madrid como subsecretario de Gobernación, en 1892,  había pasado a formar parte de la disidencia conservadora encabezada por Silvela.Tras la pérdida de las colonias, las drásticas reformas económicas emprendidas en 1899 por el ministro Fernández Villaverde, propiciaron en Cataluña una huelga comercial e industrial conocida como «el tancament de caixes». El origen lo constituía una reforma tributaria, pero la confluencia con las tensiones descentralizadoras convirtieron el asunto en una auténtica crisis política; crisis que pasaría a la memoria por las “pitadas” y altercados callejeros durante la visita del propio Dato a la región durante el mes de mayo de 1900. Nuestro objetivo es ahondar en las circunstancias que rodearon dicha visita acudiendo a prensa de época así como a documentos de archivos. In 1899 the first Government of Francisco Silvela began. Included in his government, appointed to the Ministry of the Interior, was Eduardo Dato, a prestigious lawyer who had began his political career fifteen years earlier. After investigating a matter of serious corruption in the town hall of Madrid as an Undersecretary of the Government in 1892, he left his government post to became part of the conservative dissension led by Silvela.After the loss of the colonies, the drastic economic reforms undertaken in 1899 by his Government led to a commercial and industrial strike known as “The Closing of the Cashboxes”   in Catalonia. Tax reform was the impetus of the strike, but when combined with the tension of decentralization, the issue evolved into a true political crisis; this crisis would become part of the nationalist history of Catalonia through the "protests" and street riots that occurred during Dato’s visit to the region in the month of May of 1900. Our objective is to delve into the circumstances surrounding the visit going to period press and archival documents.Palabras claveDato; Catalaluña; Durán y Bas; Silvela; descentralización; La Veu de Catalunya

scholarly journals The Problem of the Deep South of Thailand – Separatism of the Malay Muslims

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-193
Author(s):  
N. G. Rogozhina
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Local Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thai Government ◽  
The Government

The article examines the history of the development of the nationalist movement of Malay Muslims living in the south of Thailand, which is more than half a century old and is a demonstration of their identify in conditions of being in an alien and even hostile religious, cultural and ethnic environment and a form of protest against the government policy of forced assimilation. The desire of Malay Muslims for independence, which has taken the form of armed resistance to the central government, is a response to the marginalization of their economic and political position and to the discriminatory policy of the government. Separatism as an ideology of ethno-nationalism and as a political movement of Malay Muslims, which originated in the 1940s of the last century, has transformed in the last fifteen years into a religious jihad with an accompanying increase in violence. It is based on small groups of militant separatists recruiting their supporters from students of traditional Muslim schools. Having almost completely abandoned political activity, the separatists concentrated on carrying out acts of terror. With the emergence of ISIS and its attempts to create its base in the Muslim countries of Southeast Asia, a threat arose that a local conflict would develop into a transnational one. However, local jihadists, following the interests of self-survival and adhering to a nationalist ideology, show their distance from ISIS, avoiding involvement in the international terrorist movement. The author notes that despite the limited social base of terrorist separatist groups, the idea of independence remains widely demanded in local society. The prolonged nature of the ethno-religious conflict poses the task to resolve it by Thai government. Attempts to suppress the separatism of Malay Muslims by force have been unsuccessful, which prompts the Thai government to look for political ways to resolve the conflict in the framework of the negotiation process with insurgent groups. However, differences in the positions of the parties on the hard core of the problem complicate reaching consensus. The author concludes that as long as Thai society is divided into “we” and “they”, the basis for the growth of Malay nationalism remains.

Demography and Ethos

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Robert Reed
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Racial Consciousness ◽  
The Political ◽  
Deep South ◽  
New Negro ◽  
Black Metropolis ◽  
Head Count ◽  
The City

The political economy of the 1920s were intricately linked to the demographic changes, emerging social structure, level of racial consciousness, cultural and aesthetic expressions, and religious practices and activities of this pivotal period in Chicago's history. This chapter focuses on demographics and the thinking accompanying the expansion of this population. Between 1910 and 1920, the African American population of Chicago increased by 148.5 percent. By 1927, a head count around the city in all three of the major geographical divisions found 196,569 persons of African descent in residence. The demographic growth of the Black Metropolis rested firmly on the continuous in-migration of primarily adults from the South—not only from the plantations of the Deep South and small towns but also cities such as Birmingham, New Orleans, Atlanta, and Mobile. Chicago's new Negro personality also bloomed and grew enormously in terms of an expanded African American worldview, expectations, and accomplishments.

Crawford Long, Alfred Blalock, Louis Wright, and Georgia's Surgical Heritage

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Don K. Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
American Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Jim Crow South ◽  
Blalock Taussig Shunt

Georgia and the Atlanta area are associated with three important figures in the history of surgery. Crawford Long (1815–1878) discovered the anesthetic effects of ether while in practice in Jefferson. Born in Culloden, Alfred Blalock (1899–1964) was a pioneer researcher in shock and resuscitation, and developed the Blalock–Taussig shunt for Tetralogy of Fallot. His technician, African-American Vivien Thomas (1910–1985), was a full partner in the landmark advances. Louis T. Wright (1891–1952) was born in LaGrange and grew up in the Jim Crow South. As the country's leading black surgeon, he led the integration of major hospitals and helped lay the groundwork for the landmark civil rights legislation of the 1960s that integrated American medicine. Their stories, with roots in small towns in Georgia, reveal the deep surgical traditions of the South.

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