scholarly journals The Nature of Heat and the Absolute Zero Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Xingwu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Vacuum Pump ◽  
Absolute Zero ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Definition Of

This paper starts with the most basic concept of heat as well as temperature, historically investigates the understanding of the nature of heat, the conclusion is that the nature of heat is just a form of energy. This energy includes the zero-point energy providing by the motion of all subatomic particles. The new definition of temperature should be that it is the degree of matter’s motion. These matters include subatomic particles. Therefore, at the absolute zero, the “temperature” should still exist. On accounting of no subatomic particles’ motion in the singularity of the black hole, I proved that there exists a new absolute zero temperature there, which is lower than the existing one. The theory proposed in this paper can be supported by following means: measuring the temperature inside the black hole, letting electrons stop moving, and designing a Casimir vacuum pump.

scholarly journals Zero Point Energy

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
Krishna Raj Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Result ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Absolute Zero ◽  
Zero Point Energy ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of

Zero point Energy/ zero point fields are not the new issue in the arena of physics but we feel new. Here, I am not going to set up a model to calculate zero point energy in particular case but collect some ideas and give definition of zero point energy, based on earlier brief attempts and present two ways of getting zero point energy in nature and some calculated result of zero point energy in some special cases. These things provide some ideas about zero point energy and substantiate the entity of zero point fluctuations and zero point energy in vacuum even at absolute zero. The Himalayan Physics Vol.1, No.1, May, 2010 Page: 67-68 Uploaded Date: 28 July, 2011  

scholarly journals Improved semiclassical model for real-time evaporation of matrix black holes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Berenstein ◽  
Yueshu Guan
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Matrix Mechanics ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Do So

In this paper, we study real-time classical matrix mechanics of a simplified [Formula: see text] matrix model inspired by the black hole evaporation problem. This is a step towards making a quantitative model of real-time evaporation of a black hole, which is realized as a bound state of D0-branes in string theory. The model we study is the reduction of Yang–Mills in [Formula: see text] dimension to [Formula: see text] dimensions, which has been corrected with an additional potential that can be interpreted as a zero-point energy for fermions. Our goal is to understand the lifetime of such a classical bound state object in the classical regime. To do so, we pay particular attention to when [Formula: see text]-particles separate to check that the “off-diagonal modes” of the matrices become adiabatic and use that information to improve on existing models of evaporation. It turns out that the naive expectation value of the lifetime with the fermionic correction is infinite. This is a logarithmic divergence that arises from very large excursions in the separation between the branes near the threshold for classical evaporation. The adiabatic behavior lets us get some analytic control of the dynamics in this regime to get this estimate. This divergence is cutoff in the quantum theory due to quantization of the adiabatic parameter, resulting in a long lifetime of the bound state, with a parametric dependence of order [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Ion Coulomb crystals: from quantum technology to chemistry close to the absolute zero point

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Dulieu ◽  
S. Willitsch
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Ion Traps ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Absolute Zero ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Coulomb Crystals ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Quantum Technology

Ion Coulomb crystals are ordered structures of atomic or molecular ions stored in ion traps at temperatures close to the absolute zero point. These unusual “crystals” form the basis of extremely accurate clocks, provide an environment for precise studies of chemical reactions and enable advanced implementations of the technology for a quantum computer. In this article, we discuss the techniques for generating atomic and molecular Coulomb crystals and highlight some of their applications.

scholarly journals J-PLUS: photometric calibration of large-area multi-filter surveys with stellar and white dwarf loci

2019 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. A119 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. López-Sanjuan ◽  
J. Varela ◽  
D. Cristóbal-Hornillos ◽  
H. Vázquez Ramió ◽  
J. M. Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Dwarf ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Photometric Calibration ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Photometric Solution ◽  
Flux Calibration

Aims. We present the photometric calibration of the 12 optical passbands observed by the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS). Methods. The proposed calibration method has four steps: (i) definition of a high-quality set of calibration stars using Gaia information and available 3D dust maps; (ii) anchoring of the J-PLUS gri passbands to the Pan-STARRS photometric solution, accounting for the variation in the calibration with the position of the sources on the CCD; (iii) homogenization of the photometry in the other nine J-PLUS filters using the dust de-reddened instrumental stellar locus in (𝒳 − r) versus (g − i) colours, where 𝒳 is the filter to calibrate. The zero point variation along the CCD in these filters was estimated with the distance to the stellar locus. Finally, (iv) the absolute colour calibration was obtained with the white dwarf locus. We performed a joint Bayesian modelling of 11 J-PLUS colour–colour diagrams using the theoretical white dwarf locus as reference. This provides the needed offsets to transform instrumental magnitudes to calibrated magnitudes outside the atmosphere. Results. The uncertainty of the J-PLUS photometric calibration, estimated from duplicated objects observed in adjacent pointings and accounting for the absolute colour and flux calibration errors, are ∼19 mmag in u, J0378, and J0395; ∼11 mmag in J0410 and J0430; and ∼8 mmag in g, J0515, r, J0660, i, J0861, and z. Conclusions. We present an optimized calibration method for the large-area multi-filter J-PLUS project, reaching 1–2% accuracy within an area of 1022 square degrees without the need for long observing calibration campaigns or constant atmospheric monitoring. The proposed method will be adapted for the photometric calibration of J-PAS, that will observe several thousand square degrees with 56 narrow optical filters.

scholarly journals MODIFIED DISPERSION RELATIONS: FROM BLACK-HOLE ENTROPY TO THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
REMO GARATTINI
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Dispersion Relations ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Modified Dispersion Relations ◽  
Loop Approximation ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
Standard Techniques

Quantum Field Theory is plagued by divergences in the attempt to calculate physical quantities. Standard techniques of regularization and renormalization are used to keep under control such a problem. In this paper we would like to use a different scheme based on Modified Dispersion Relations (MDR) to remove infinities appearing in one loop approximation in contrast to what happens in conventional approaches. In particular, we apply the MDR regularization to the computation of the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole from one side and the Zero Point Energy (ZPE) of the graviton from the other side. The graviton ZPE is connected to the cosmological constant by means of of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation.

Cosmological Entropy and Seeking of Genesis of Time

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1336-1345
Author(s):  
Rakesh Teja Konduru
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Absolute Zero ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Space Curvature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Negative Space ◽  
The Absolute

Influenced with symmetry of entropy and time in nature, we tried to invoke relation between entropy and time in space-time with new dimension. And also provided how Hubble’s constant related with entropy of universe. Discussed about how entropy of universe behaves at different temperatures and at different time values of universe. We showed that age of universe is equivalent to Hubble’s constant. And showed how naturally entropy arrives from the manipulations in gravity from Einstein’s equation “00”. And from these results we concluded that universe is isotropic, homogeneous with negative space curvature i.e. K= -1 but not flat K=0 (which doesn’t explain acceleration and deceleration of universe). From these results of gravity, entropy, temperature and time we discussed the genesis of time. And proposed that at absolute zero temperature universe survives as a superconductor and that particular temperature is called as “Critical Absolute Temperature (TAB). And genesis of time occurs at first fluxon repulsion in the absolute zero temperature of universe. 

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