Relationship between functional activity of the adrenals and gonads in monkeys during puberty

Testicular and adrenocortical endocrine function was followed up for 1 year in pubertal male Papio hamadryas. Blood levels of androgens (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone), corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, progesterone, 17-hydtpxyprogesterone, 17-hydroxvpregnanediol), and aldosterone were radioimmunoassayed. An increase of androgen levels (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) in the blood of experimental animals during puberty was associated with a reliable reduction of corticosteroid concentration, most expressed in monkeys with the maximal increase of testosterone content. The detected hormonal changes did not influence the mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex, because aldosterone level was unchanged over the entire follow-up period.

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Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Gender-Affirming Therapy for Transwomen: Results From a Retrospective Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2018-02253 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 5148-5156 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jaison Jain ◽

Daniel Kwan ◽

Michelle Forcier

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽

Breast Development ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Facial Hair ◽

Laboratory Parameters ◽

Island Hospital

Abstract Context Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a widely used progestin in feminizing hormone therapy. However, the side effects and hormonal changes elicited by this drug have never been investigated in the transgender population. Objective We evaluated the incidence of self-reported effects among transwomen using MPA and this drug’s impact on hormonal and metabolic parameters. Design, Setting, and Participants We retrospectively collected data from 290 follow-up visits (FUVs) of transwomen treated at Rhode Island Hospital from January 2011 to July 2018 (mean duration of therapy 3.4 ± 1.7 years). FUVs followed regimens of estradiol (E) and spironolactone, with MPA (n = 102) or without MPA (n = 188). Main Outcome Measures We assessed the incidence of self-reported effects after MPA treatment. We also compared blood levels of E, testosterone, and various laboratory parameters between MPA and non-MPA groups. Results Mean weighted E level was 211 ± 57 pg/mL after MPA treatment and 210 ± 31 pg/mL otherwise; this difference was nonsignificant [t(274) = 0.143, P = 0.886]. Mean weighted testosterone level was 79 ± 18 ng/dL after MPA treatment and 215 ± 29 ng/dL otherwise; testosterone levels were significantly lower in the MPA group [t(122) = 32.4, P < 0.001]. There were minimal changes in other laboratory parameters. Of 39 patients receiving MPA, 26 reported improved breast development and 11 reported decreased facial hair. Five patients experienced mood swings on MPA. Conclusions In our cohort of transwomen, we found minimal side effects, unchanged E levels, and a decline in testosterone associated with MPA, outcomes consistent with feminization. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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Effectiveness of Virtual Resilience Training on Assertiveness in Student Girls Aged 9–10 Years: A 1-Month Follow-Up

The Journal of School Nursing ◽

10.1177/10598405211013522 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105984052110135

Author(s):

Shima Gadari ◽

Jamile Farokhzadian ◽

Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Internal Stress ◽

Intervention Group ◽

The Other ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Emotional Instability ◽

Other Hand ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Resilience Training

Girls between the ages of 9 and 10 begin to experience physical, physiological, and hormonal changes that may lead to internal stress. At this age, children are struggling for autonomy; on the other hand, they may experience emotional instability, and for these reasons, they may be vulnerable in many ways. This experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of resilience training on assertiveness in student girls aged 9–10. Data were collected before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention in the control ( n = 40) and intervention ( n = 37) groups. There was a significant difference between the assertiveness of the intervention immediately (26.80 ± 3.73) and 1 month after the intervention (27.05 ± 3.73), and assertiveness significantly increased in the intervention group ( p = .0001). Resilience training leads to improvements in assertiveness in student girls aged 9–10.

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Prospective study of multiple sclerosis with early onset

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1191/1352458502ms786oa ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 115-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

A Ghezzi ◽

C Pozzilli ◽

M Liguori ◽

M G Marrosu ◽

N Milani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

First Year ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Disability Status ◽

Definite Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

Clinically Definite Multiple Sclerosis ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender

Fifty-four subjects (36 females and 18 males) affected by clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) and with onset of the disease at 15 years of age or before were prospectively studied in five Italian MS centres. Female/male ratio was 4.7 in subjects with age ≥12 years, suggesting a role of hormonal changes in triggering MS onset. The mean follow-up duration was 10.9-5.6 years. The functional systems more frequently involved at onset were the pyramidal and brainstem (both in 28% of cases). The onset was monosymptomatic in 31 subjects (57%). The course was relapsing-remitting in 39 subjects (72%) and relapsing-progressive in 15 (28%). Disability was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): the mean score after 8 years of follow up was 3.5 (-2.5). The score was <4 in 68% of cases, between 4 and 6 in 8% of cases, > 6 in 24% of cases. Disability after 8 years was highly predicted by disability in the first year (p=0.008). There was a tendency to a worse prognosis in relation to the number of relapses in the first 2 years (p=0.08). The outcome was not influenced by the characteristics of symptoms at onset, age and gender.

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Long-term follow-up of endocrine function among young children with newly diagnosed malignant central nervous system tumors treated with irradiation-avoiding regimens

Pediatric Blood & Cancer ◽

10.1002/pbc.26616 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. e26616 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anne M. Cochrane ◽

Clement Cheung ◽

Kasey Rangan ◽

David Freyer ◽

Leena Nahata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Young Children ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Central Nervous System Tumors ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Nervous System Tumors ◽

Long Term Follow Up

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P1502IS AGE JUST A NUMBER? - HEMODIALYSIS IN OCTOGENARIAN PATIENTS IN A PORTUGUESE CENTRAL HOSPITAL

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Alferes ◽

Marinha Silva ◽

Joana Couto ◽

Ana Ventura ◽

Clemente Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Vascular Access ◽

Functional Activity ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Central Hospital ◽

Karnofsky Score ◽

Dialysis Therapy ◽

Dialysis Treatment

Abstract Background and Aims The option of a non-dialytic or conservative approach to elderly patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) as an alternative to dialysis has a great interest in clinical practice. Among elderly patients with ESRD, the octogenarian ones raise the most difficult decisions with respect to indication and dialysis therapy management, furthermore the evidence about the clinical outcomes is lacking in this group of patient. The main objectives of this study were the analysis the comorbidities and clinical condition of pre-ESRD octogenarians who initiated dialysis and the estimation of the effect of such treatment on this patient group’s comorbid status. Method The authors performed a retrospective and statistical analysis on patients with aged ≥ 80 years who initiated hemodialysis treatment in a Portuguese Central Hospital between 2007 and 2017. A total of 88 patients were included in the study. Results The mean age of the group was 84±2.8 years; 61.4% were men. Nearly all the patients (97.7%) had one or more comorbid conditions of which the most common were hypertension (86.4%), heart disease (58%) and diabetes (43.2%). In 60.2% of the patients the functional activity was normal (Karnofsky score ≥80). Hemodialysis was initiated in an emergency situation in 58% of the patients and the majority (59.1%) had an arteriovenous fistula as vascular access. In the 2 years previous to dialysis therapy, most patients (54.5%) had at least one hospitalization (min=1; max=4). During the two years of follow-up, the number of hospital admissions decreased (p=0.034) and only 39.8% of the patients required hospital admission (min=1; max=3) (table 1), with shorter average hospital stay (p=0.013) (table 2). The main causes of hospitalization in the pre-dialysis period were renal related-diseases, in contrast the admissions were due to non-access related infections and vascular access complications after dialysis had initiated. Most patients died (67%) at the end of follow-up mainly due to non-vascular access infections or sepsis (32.2%). The significant causes of death found by Cox regression were chronic kidney disease secondary to systemic disease, Karnofsky score and hospital stay in the 2-year-dialysis period (table 3). Conclusion Advanced age in itself should not be used as an excluding factor of dialysis treatment. Comorbidity and performance status are the factors that should exert the greatest influence on such decision. In this sample, the majority of patients had few comorbidities, a good functional activity and they initiated dialysis by an autologous vascular access which may have contributed to the good outcomeS. This study found a decrease in the number of hospitalizations in the dialysis period which can be explained by regular clinical monitoring in every dialysis treatment, preventing or even treating intercurrent illnesses and avoiding hospital admissions.

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Androgen levels, insulin sensitivity, and early insulin response in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a long-term follow-up study

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.050 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 1146-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Miriam Hudecova ◽

Jan Holte ◽

Lena Moby ◽

Matts Olovsson ◽

Mats Stridsberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Early Insulin Response ◽

Androgen Levels

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Lipoprotein(a) Levels at Birth and in Early Childhood - The COMPARE Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab734 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nina Strandkjær ◽

Malene Kongsgaard Hansen ◽

Sofie Taageby Nielsen ◽

Ruth Frikke-Schmidt ◽

Anne Tybjærg-Hansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Early Life ◽

Adult Population ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Lipoprotein A ◽

Genetically Determined ◽

Compare Study

Abstract Background and objective High lipoprotein(a) is a genetically determined causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease and 20% of the adult population has high levels (i.e. >42 mg/dL, >88 nmol/L). We investigated whether early life lipoprotein(a) levels measured in cord blood may serve as a proxy for neonatal venous blood levels, whether lipoprotein(a) birth levels (i.e. cord or venous) predict levels later in life, and whether early life and parental levels correlate. Methods The COMPARE study is a prospective cohort study of newborns (N=450) from Copenhagen, Denmark including blood sampling of parents. Plasma lipoprotein(a) was measured in cord blood (N=402), neonatal venous blood (N=356), and at 2 (N=320) and 15 months follow-up (N=148) of infants, and in parents (N=705). Results Mean lipoprotein(a) levels were 2.2(95%CI:1.9-2.5), 2.4(2.0-2.7), 4.1(3.4-4.9), and 14.6(11.4-17.9) mg/dL in cord, neonatal venous, and 2- and 15-months venous samples, respectively. Lipoprotein(a) levels in cord blood correlated strongly with neonatal venous blood levels (R2=0.95, p<0.001) and neonatal levels correlated moderately with 2- and 15-months levels (R2=0.68 and 0.67, both p<0.001). Birth levels ≥90th percentile predicted lipoprotein(a) >42 mg/dL at 15 months with positive predictive values of 89% and 85% for neonatal venous and cord blood. Neonatal and infant levels correlated weakly with parental levels, most pronounced at 15 months (R2=0.22, p<0.001). Conclusions Lipoprotein(a) levels are low in early life, cord blood may serve as a proxy for neonatal venous blood, and birth levels ≥90th percentile can identify newborns at risk of developing high levels.

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Abstract P060: Plasma Osteocalcin And Incident Diabetes Mellitus: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.p060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jeffrey R Misialek ◽

Elizabeth R Stremke ◽

Elizabeth Selvin ◽

Sanaz Sedaghat ◽

James S Pankow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Self Report ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Phone Calls ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Primary Model

Introduction: Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Osteocalcin is a vitamin K-dependent, bone-derived hormone that functions as an endocrine regulator of energy metabolism, male fertility, and cognition. Early studies of endocrine effects of osteocalcin have shown that genomic deletion of osteocalcin in mice resulted in a diabetic phenotype (i.e. glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance). However, results from clinical studies have shown mixed associations between blood levels of osteocalcin and risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hypothesis: Lower values of plasma osteocalcin would be associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Methods: A total of 11,557 ARIC participants without diabetes at baseline were followed from ARIC visit 3 (1993-1995) through 2018. Diabetes cases were identified through self-report on annual and semi-annual follow-up phone calls. Plasma osteocalcin data was measured using an aptamer-based proteomic profiling platform (SomaLogic). We used Cox regression to evaluate the association of quintiles of plasma osteocalcin and incident diabetes. The primary model adjusted for age, sex, and race-center. Results: Participants were age 60 ± 5.6 years at visit 3, 56% identified as female, 21% identified as Black. There were 3,031 incident diabetes cases over a median follow-up of 17.9 years. Mean ± SD was 10.053 ± 0.775. When comparing the highest quintile of plasma osteocalcin (values 10.42 to 14.66) to the lowest quintile (values 9.03 to 9.52), there was no association with incident diabetes (HRs [95% CIs]: 0.92 [0.81, 1.02]). There was also no significant trend across the quintiles (p = 0.19). Results were similar when adjusting for additional potential confounders, and when limiting the follow-up time to 10 years. Conclusions: These data do not support the hypothesis that total plasma osteocalcin, as measured by Somalogic proteomic panel, is a biomarker associated with diabetes risk. It is possible that total plasma or serum osteocalcin and/or other isoforms of osteocalcin protein (i.e. gamma carboxylated or uncarboxylated osteocalcin) measured via other validated methodologies may be linked to diabetes.

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Clinical features, risk of mass enlargement, and development of endocrine hyperfunction in patients with adrenal incidentalomas: a long-term follow-up study

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-020-02476-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pierpaolo Falcetta ◽

Francesca Orsolini ◽

Elena Benelli ◽

Patrizia Agretti ◽

Paolo Vitti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Urinary Free Cortisol ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Adrenal Tumors ◽

Hormonal Function ◽

Free Cortisol ◽

Hormonal Evaluation

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the risk of mass enlargement and endocrine function modification in patients with adrenal incidentaloma (AI). Methods In this retrospective study, we examined clinical and hormonal characteristics of 310 patients with AI (200 females and 110 males; age: 58.3 ± 12.9 years), followed up for a median (interquartile range) of 31.4 months (13.0–78.6) and evaluated for possible modification in adrenal mass size and hormonal function. The hormonal evaluation included morning serum cortisol and plasma ACTH at 8 a.m., aldosterone, plasma renin activity/direct renin concentration, and 24-h urine metanephrines/normetanephrines. One microgram overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was performed. Autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) was diagnosed in the presence of cortisol after 1 mg DST > 5 μg/dl (138 nmol/l) or >1.8 and ≤5 μg/dl (50–138 nmol/l) and at least one of the following: (i) low ACTH; (ii) increased 24-h urinary-free cortisol; (iii) absence of cortisol rhythm; and (iv) post-LDDST cortisol level > 1.8 μg/dl (50 nmol/l). When there was no biochemical evidence of adrenal hormonal hyperactivity, AIs were classified as nonfunctioning (NFAIs). The mass was considered significantly enlarged when the size increase was more than 20% and at least 5 mm compared to baseline. Results At diagnosis, NFAIs were found in 209 patients, while ACS and overt adrenal hyperfunction were diagnosed in 81 and 20 patients, respectively. During follow-up, 3.3% and 1.5% of patients with NFAI developed subtle and overt endocrine hyperfunction, respectively, while a significant mass enlargement was observed in 17.7% of all AIs. The risk of developing ACS was significantly higher in patients with adenoma >28 mm (hazard ratio [HR] 12.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.33–66.52, P = 0.003), in those with bilateral adrenal tumors (HR: 5.36; 95% CI, 1.17–24.48, P = 0.030), and with low/suppressed ACTH values (HR: 11.2, 95% CI 2.06–60.77; P = 0.005). The risk of mass enlargement was lower for patients in the fourth quartile of body mass index than those in the first quartile (HR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.14–0.78; P = 0.012). Conclusions In patients with AI, the risk of developing hormonal hyperfunction and mass enlargement is overall low, although some tumor characteristics and anthropometric features might increase this risk. Taking account of all these aspects is important for planning a tailored follow-up in AI patients.

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