scholarly journals Thyroid and adrenal function in children born 5 years after the Chernobyl accident in economically unfavourable regions of Belarus

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Boiko ◽  
A. N. Cherevko ◽  
A. M. Petrova ◽  
V. K. Zubovich
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cesium Radionuclides ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Radiosensitive Organs

Currently, there is no doubt the need to study the comprehensive influence of ionizing radiation one the body finctions. Under the influence of ionizing radiation, the development of compensatory and adaptive-adaptive mechanisms of the most radiosensitive organs and tissues to reduce post-radiation effects is of particular importance. Under these conditions, a change in the functional activity of the pituitary-thyroid and adrenal systems is possible, the hormones of which are actively involved in the main adaptation processes. A generally recognized fact is the high radiosensitivity of the above systems, especially in a growing childs body. In the first days after the accident, the main biologically significant radionuclides were iodine isotopes, which caused the formation of dose loads on the thyroid gland. At present, the long-lived radionuclides 13^Cs and 90Sr have a decisive influence on the radiation situation in the republic. The greatest contribution to the radiation dose is made by cesium radionuclides. Some authors studied the functional state of the pituitary-thyroid system in children exposed in 1986 to radioactive iodine in the ante- and postnatal periods. Issues of the occurrence of functional changes in the thyroid gland and adrenal cortex, induced by the intake of radionuclides that are not deposited in these organs, have hardly been studied. Of considerable interest is the study of the state of the functions of the thyroid gland and adrenal cortex in children born and living under the influence of low doses of radiation, whose mothers were exposed to radioactive iodine.

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE AND SURGICAL OPERATIONS ON IODINE EXCRETION

1950 ◽  
Vol 28e (4) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gemmell ◽  
W. F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Elective Surgical Procedures ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Surgical Operations

Further investigations have been carried out on the previously reported increase in iodine excretion which occurs following the stress of surgical operations. By means of adrenocorticotrophic hormone it was demonstrated in four subjects that increased activity of the adrenal cortex does not of itself cause an increase in iodine excretion. In six patients subjected to elective surgical procedures it was shown with the aid of radioactive iodine that the inorganic iodide of the body tissues is not the source of increased iodine excretion which follows such operations. Other possible causes and sources of the postoperative increase in iodine excretion are discussed.

scholarly journals Radioprotective Effects of Zinc and Selenium on Mice Spermatogenesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bagheri ◽  
A Salajegheh ◽  
A Javadi ◽  
P Amini ◽  
B Shekarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Usual Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Radiosensitive Organs

Background: Spermatogenesis system is one of the most radiosensitive organs in the body. A usual therapeutic dose of radiation such as the conventional 2 Gy in each fraction of radiotherapy and lower doses seen in diagnostic radiology or a radiation disaster affect the process of spermatogenesis potently. Selenium and zinc are two important elements playing key roles in the development of sperms and also have radioprotective effects. In this study aims to evaluate the radioprotective effect of zinc and selenium against radiation-induced mice testis injury.Materials and Methods: 30 mice were divided equally into 6 groups, including control selenium treated, zinc treated, radiation, radiation + selenium, radiation + zinc. Treatments started from 2 days before irradiation with 2 Gy cobalt-60 gamma rays. After 37 days, all mice were killed for histopathological evaluations.Results: Results showed that exposure to radiation caused a potent effect on spermatogenesis system. Treatment with selenium reversed these radiation effects potently, while zinc had some limited protective effects. Zinc treatment itself caused a detrimental effect on epididymis and, in combination with radiation, it leads to more damage to seminiferous tubules.Conclusion: In contrast to previous studies that proposed zinc to protect spermatogenesis against various toxic agents, results of this study showed that although zinc may protect from some parameters, it potentiates radiation damage on seminiferous tubules and has a detrimental effect on the epididymis. By contrast, zinc and selenium could alleviate radiation-induced toxicity on the most of the evaluated parameters.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Modifying the Effects of Ionizing Radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tünde Szatmári ◽  
Rita Hargitai ◽  
Géza Sáfrány ◽  
Katalin Lumniczky
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Almost All

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated nanovesicles actively secreted by almost all cell types. EVs can travel long distances within the body, being finally taken up by the target cells, transferring information from one cell to another, thus influencing their behavior. The cargo of EVs comprises of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins derived from the cell of origin, thereby it is cell-type specific; moreover, it differs between diseased and normal cells. Several studies have shown that EVs have a role in tumor formation and prognosis. It was also demonstrated that ionizing radiation can alter the cargo of EVs. EVs, in turn can modulate radiation responses and they play a role in radiation-induced bystander effects. Due to their biocompatibility and selective targeting, EVs are suitable nanocarrier candidates of drugs in various diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, the cargo of EVs can be engineered, and in this way they can be designed to carry certain genes or even drugs, similar to synthetic nanoparticles. In this review, we describe the biological characteristics of EVs, focusing on the recent efforts to use EVs as nanocarriers in oncology, the effects of EVs in radiation therapy, highlighting the possibilities to use EVs as nanocarriers to modulate radiation effects in clinical applications.

scholarly journals Hormonal profile assessment in third generation inhabitants living near Semipalatinsk test site

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Z. I. Namazbaeva ◽  
E. V. Tsvetkova ◽  
Z. B. Sabirov ◽  
Zh. H. Sembaev
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Test Site ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
The Third ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site

Results of a study covering population of Maisk settlement near Semipalatinsk test site demonstrated possible thyroid diseases in 32.6% of the examinees. Predisposition to autoimmune diseases of thyroid gland (presence of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase) was revealed in 23% of the population. Increased production of stress hormone (cortisol) is characteristic for 39.4% of the females and 37.7% of the males — that is confirmed by changes in the body adaptation system of the third generation inhabitants, if ionizing radiation influence on the previous generations.

scholarly journals STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF DATA ON PATIENTS WITH THYROID CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2014 TO 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Blagica Arsovska ◽  
Jihe Zhu ◽  
Kristina Kozovska
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
The Republic

Thyroid cancers have been on the rise in recent years. One of the direct causes is the increase in ionizing radiation. The incidence is three times higher in women than in men. Most of the patients are over 50 years old. There is also a genetic predisposition. The aim of the paper is to differentiate between the results obtained for patients with thyroid cancer in Republic of North Macedonia and Republic of Croatia and to see if this type of cancer is on the rise in both countries and if the numbers are approximate in a period of 6 years from 2013 to 2018. The total number of newly diagnosed cases of malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland in R.N. Macedonia in the period from 2014 to 2017 is 315, while in the Republic of Croatia in the same period the number of newly discovered cases is 8 times higher than in RN Macedonia and has a total of 2796 newly diagnosed patients. In RN Macedonia the incidence or the number of new patients with thyroid cancer for both sexes is increasing. The increased incidence is probably due to the increased increase in diagnosis of the disease in the early, subclinical stages (small papillary carcinoma). Survival from thyroid cancer depends on the stage at which it is detected, generally the percentage of survivors is high. Due to the possibility of recurrence, regular check-ups are required.

Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

Neutral Lipids of Oats Fruit (Avena Sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
N. K. Yuldasheva ◽  
S. D. Gusakova ◽  
D. Kh. Nurullaeva ◽  
N. T. Farmanova ◽  
R. P. Zakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Lipids are a widespread group of biologically active substances in nature, making up the bulk of the organic substances of all living organisms. They accumulate in plants in seeds, as well as in fruits and perform a number of vital functions: they are the main components of cell membranes and the energy reserve for the body.Aim. Study of neutral lipids of sown oats (Avena sativa L.).Materials and methods. The objects of the study were fruits (grains) of oats of the sown variety "Tashkent 1," harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussions. Neutral lipids of oat grains have been found to contain 13 fatty acids with a predominance of the sum of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The total degree of unsaturation was almost 78%. Absorption bands characteristic of these substances were observed in the IR spectrum of MEGC.Conclusion. According to the results of the NL analysis, oat grains consisted of triacylglycerides and free LCDs, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tocopherols.

Dynamical Peculiarities of Concatenational Changes in Functional Cardiovascular Parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (82) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eurelija Venskaitytė ◽  
Jonas Poderys ◽  
Tadas Česnaitis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Standard Lead

Research  background  and  hypothesis.  Traditional  time  series  analysis  techniques,  which  are  also  used  for the analysis of cardiovascular signals, do not reveal the relationship between the  changes in the indices recorded associated with the multiscale and chaotic structure of the tested object, which allows establishing short-and long-term structural and functional changes.Research aim was to reveal the dynamical peculiarities of interactions of cardiovascular system indices while evaluating the functional state of track-and-field athletes and Greco-Roman wrestlers.Research methods. Twenty two subjects participated in the study, their average age of 23.5 ± 1.7 years. During the study standard 12 lead electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded. The following ECG parameters were used in the study: duration of RR interval taken from the II standard lead, duration of QRS complex, duration of JT interval and amplitude of ST segment taken from the V standard lead.Research  results.  Significant  differences  were  found  between  inter-parametric  connections  of  ST  segment amplitude and JT interval duration at the pre and post-training testing. Observed changes at different hierarchical levels of the body systems revealed inadequate cardiac metabolic processes, leading to changes in the metabolic rate of the myocardium and reflected in the dynamics of all investigated interactions.Discussion and conclusions. It has been found that peculiarities of the interactions of ECG indices interactions show the exposure of the  functional changes in the body at the onset of the workload. The alterations of the functional state of the body and the signs of fatigue, after athletes performed two high intensity training sessions per day, can be assessed using the approach of the evaluation of interactions between functional variables. Therefore the evaluation of the interactions of physiological signals by using time series analysis methods is suitable for the observation of these processes and the functional state of the body.Keywords: electrocardiogram, time series, functional state.

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