scholarly journals Evaluation of body composition, resting metabolic rate and frequency of metabolic disorders in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Daria A. Bespalyuk ◽  
Pavel L. Okorokov ◽  
Igor S. Chugunov
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Soft Mass ◽  
Adipose Mass

BACKGROUND: Kleinfelter syndrome (KS) is a common genetic disease characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The high risk of developing of metabolic disorders in patients with KS is be explained by the presence of androgen deficiency, which leads to a decrease in the amount of lean soft mass and an increase of the adipose tissue content. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is determined by the amount of lean soft mass, and its reduction can contribute to weight gain and the progression of metabolic disorders in KS. AIM: Body composition, assessment of basal metabolism and metabolic profile in adolescents with KS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 28 adolescents with KS, comparable in age and stage of sexual maturation. All patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of clinical laboratory signs of hypogonadism. Patients passed through the evaluation of metabolic profile, bioelectrical impedance analysis for the body composition and chamber-based indirect calorimetry for the evaluation of BMR. RESULTS: Normal indicants of body composition were determined in 20 (71.4%) adolescents, excess of adipose mass in 6 (21.4%) patients, and deficit of adipose mass in 7.2% of cases. Among 6 patients with excess of adipose mass, three were obese or overweight, while the rest had normal SDS body mass index (BMI). 64.3% of adolescents showed normal indicants of energy exchange at rest, 6 (21.4%) a decrease of BMR, 4 (14.3%) - an increase of BMR. A comparative analysis of patient groups did not reveal statistically significant differences in BMR adjusted to a lean soft mass (OO/TM) (p=0.36). Insulin resistance was detected in 11 patients (39.3%), and the incidence of dyslipidemia was 3.6%. The groups did not significantly differ in terms of glycemia levels in the fasted state and lipid profile indicants. CONCLUSION: Most adolescents with KS have normal indicants of body composition and basal metabolism, as well as a low frequency of metabolic disorders, regardless of the level of total testosterone in blood. In some patients with normal SDS BMI, excess of adipose mass is detected. The lack of correlation between the level of testosterone and the intensity of BMR may indicate a slight effect of androgen deficiency on energy exchange at rest in adolescents with KS.

Age Changes in Body Size, Body Composition and Basal Metabolism

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Conrad ◽  
A. T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Bone Minerals

The interrelations of body size, body composition and basal metabolism were studied in 69 albino rats ranging in age from 18–174 days. The decline in metabolic rate with age was more rapid than would be predicted from the weight0.75 rule which eliminates the influence of body size in interspecific measurements. Body composition analyses indicated that the increase with age in metabolically inert fat and bone minerals was approximately balanced by a corresponding decrease in metabolically inert extracellular fluid, so that ‘active tissue mass’ was virtually unchanged. Calculations based on data in the literature indicate that about one-half the decline in metabolic rate with age may be due to the corresponding decrease in the relative weight of the viscera. The remainder of the decline in metabolic rate must be due to factors other than changes in the chemical or histological composition of the body.

scholarly journals Influence of testosterone on purine metabolism and gout

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
T. S. Panevin
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Many different factors are involved in the regulation of purine metabolism. An important role is played by the level of sex hormones: high concentrations of androgens lead to a higher, and estrogen – to a lower level of uric acid. However, according to the results of numerous studies, it has been shown that the effect of sex hormones is not limited only to the uric acid concentration. Sex hormones affect inflammatory processes in the body by modulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulating the corresponding signaling pathways. Androgen deficiency can lead to obesity and metabolic disorders, which can contribute to the development and course of gout. This review examines the effect of testosterone, as well as the effect of changes in its concentration on the dynamics of purine metabolism and gout.

Influence of the Basal Metabolic Profile on the Evolution of the Pediatric Patient with Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Fernández ◽  
Ainhoa Sarasua Miranda ◽  
Isabel Lorente Blázquez ◽  
Ignacio Diez López
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Endocrinology Clinic

Childhood obesity is a problem of growing importance globally. It is associated with significant health problems. Knowing how to treat it effectively would improve the quality of life of these children. The aim of this chapter is to study how basal metabolism influences the somatometric evolution of the child and adolescent population with obesity in a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Study childhood obesity in a tertiary hospital by means of a multichannel impedanceometry study. All the patients had a basal metabolism lower than the calculated theoretical ideal. In overall terms, weight reduction is not achieved in this pediatric population. However, it is observed a decrease in fat content in the medium term (1-3 years). Bioelectrical impedanceometry measurement is a simple method in clinical practice to evaluate the energy consumption and the body composition. Knowing the body composition of these children would help to intervene more effectively to help control obesity and its health consequences.

scholarly journals Differential effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet on body composition and metabolic profile in obese diabetic db/db mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001303
Author(s):  
Toru Kusakabe ◽  
Shigefumi Yokota ◽  
Mika Shimizu ◽  
Takayuki Inoue ◽  
Masashi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

IntroductionTreatment using sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for obesity and type 2 diabetes are similar in terms of carbohydrate limitation. However, their mechanisms of action differ, and the effects on the body remain unclear. We investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor and LCD on body composition and metabolic profile using the db/db mouse model for obesity and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsEight-week-old male db/db mice were divided into four groups: mice receiving normal diet and vehicle or canagliflozin (Cana) administration and mice receiving LCD and vehicle or Cana administration for 8 weeks. Consumed calories were adjusted to be equal among the groups.ResultsBoth Cana administration and LCD feeding resulted in significant weight gain. Cana administration significantly decreased plasma glucose levels and increased plasma insulin levels with preservation of pancreatic β cells. However, LCD feeding did not improve plasma glucose levels but deteriorated insulin sensitivity. LCD feeding significantly reduced liver weight and hepatic triglyceride content; these effects were not observed with Cana administration. Combined treatment with LCD did not lead to an additive increase in blood β-ketone levels.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors and LCD exert differential effects on the body. Their combined use may achieve better metabolic improvements in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Body composition and metabolic profile in adults with vitamin D deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liane Murari ROCHA ◽  
Daniela Cristina da Silva BALDAN ◽  
Aglécio Luiz SOUZA ◽  
Elinton Adami CHAIM ◽  
Elizabeth João PAVIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the body composition and metabolic profile in individuals in terms of different concentrations of serum vitamin D, ranging from deficiency to sufficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 106 adults of both genders, who were divided into three groups according to vitamin D levels: deficiency: <20ng/mL; insufficiency: 20-29.9ng/mL; and sufficiency: 30-100ng/mL. Anthropometric evaluation included weight, height, and body circumferences. Fat mass and lean mass were assessed using the Tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method. Clinical and biochemical evaluations were also carried out. Insulin resistance was estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin index. Results: The analysis showed that the main alterations in individuals in the vitamin D deficiency group were higher triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein - cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, body mass index, body fat percentage, lean mass percentage, waist circumference, and Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin than those of the vitamin D sufficient group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found that vitamin D deficiency causes important body composition and metabolic changes, which may lead to diseases such as diabetes Mellitus and metabolic syndrome.

Basal metabolic rate and body composition at high altitudes

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Picó;n-Reátegui
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Males

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition were determined in 17 healthy adult males living at an altitude of 14,900 ft above sea level. Using body surface area as a standard of reference and following the criterion of Boothby et al. ( Am. J. Physiol. 116: 468, 1936), the BMR of the high-altitude resident fell within the limits considered normal for healthy adults at sea level. A comparison with the data obtained by investigators in the United States and in India shows that, when either fat-free body mass (FFM), cell mass (C), or cell solids (S) are the standard of reference, the BMR is higher in the high-altitude resident. The higher O2 consumption per kilogram of FFM, C, or S in the high-altitude resident seems to be one of the many mechanisms developed by the body in its process of adaptation to the low O2 tension. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Melquiades Huayna-Vera) Submitted on October 24, 1960

scholarly journals Effects of 8-weeks Low-intensity Aerobic Training on the Body Composition and Basal Metabolism in Untrained Young Females.

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Shuji Matsueda ◽  
Akifumi Ono ◽  
Yoshinobu Matsumoto ◽  
Fumie Hirakawa ◽  
Kei Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Low Intensity

Basal Metabolism in Mental Disorders, especially Dementia Prócox, and the Influence of the Diathermic Current on the Same

1924 ◽  
Vol 70 (288) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Chemical Changes

Metabolism means the chemical changes of materials under the influence of living cells, and basal metabolism as the rate of energy exchange during rest when only the essential vital processes of the body are at work.

scholarly journals Basal Metabolic Rate Declines During Long-Distance Migratory Flight in Great Knots

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil F. Battley ◽  
Anne Dekinga ◽  
Maurine W. Dietz ◽  
Theunis Piersma ◽  
Sixian Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
Before And After ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Para Determinar

Abstract Great Knots (Calidris tenuirostris) make one of the longest migratory flights in the avian world, flying almost 5500 km from Australia to China during northward migration. We measured basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition in birds before and after this flight and found that BMR decreased 42%. The mass-specific BMR based on lean mass decreased 33%. We also starved a group of pre-migratory Great Knots in captivity to determine whether they showed the same reduction in BMR without having undergone the hard work of flight. The captive birds showed a similar range and reduction of BMR values as the wild birds. Exponents of relationships between BMR and body mass in different comparisons were high, indicating large changes in BMR as a function of body mass. Analysis of the body composition of ten wild and three captive birds found that the flight muscle mass and intestine mass positively correlated with BMR. La Tasa Metabolica Basal Disminuye durante Vuelos Migratorios de Larga Distancia en Calidris tenuirostris Resumen. Calidris tenuirostris realiza uno de los vuelos migratorios más largos entre las aves, volando desde Australia hasta China durante la migración al norte. Medimos la tasa metabólica basal (TMB) y la composición corporal en aves antes y después del vuelo y encontramos que TMB se reduce en 42%. La TMB específica por masa, o sea la TMB corregida por masa magra, se redujo en 33%. También expusimos un grupo premigratorio de Calidris tenuirostris a un periodo de ayuno en cautiverio, para determinar si mostraban una tasa de reducción similar en la TMB sin haber soportado la dura tarea de volar. Las aves en cautiverio mostraron un rango y una reducción de los valores de la TMB similares a los de las aves en libertad. Los exponentes de la relación entre TMB y masa corporal en diferentes comparaciones fueron altos, indicando grandes cambios de la TMB en función de la masa corporal. El análisis de la composición corporal de diez aves libres y tres en cautiverio mostró que la masa de los músculos del vuelo y la masa de los intestinos esta positivamente correlacionada con la TMB.

scholarly journals Features and relationships of metabolic syndrome components in men with androgen deficiency. Part 2. Disorders of carbohydrate and purine metabolism. Retrospective study data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sh. Pavlova ◽  
V. Yu. Grevina
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Androgen Deficiency

Introduction. There are few epidemiological data on violations of purine and carbohydrate metabolism in association with testosterone deficiency in men with overweight due to adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome (MS).Aim: to study the relationships between disturbances in carbohydrate and purine metabolism and testosterone level in men with excess adipose tissue and MS.Materials and Мethods. There were enrolled 64 overweight men to the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the body mass index (BMI): group 1 – with overweight (n = 24), group 2 – with the first degree of obesity (n = 21), group 3 – with the second and third degree of obesity (n = 19). A correlation analysis was carried out between the data of carbohydrate and purine metabolism in relation to testosterone level and body composition, as well as additionally assessing the level of inter-group difference.Results. The relationship between the parameters of carbohydrate and purine metabolism and the level of total testosterone has been identified, and it's formed against the background of overdeveloped adipose tissue. A weak negative correlation was found across the sample between testosterone and glucose, insulin, and the НОМА-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) index. That is, the higher the level of glucose, the НОМА-IR index, the lower the testosterone level. In addition, it was noted that an increase in BMI caused higher insulin levels. The number of patients with fasting blood glucose levels above 5.6 mmol/L and insulin resistance also increased. In the group with I degree of obesity, a negative correlation was found between the levels of total testosterone and uric acid.Conclusion. Thus, the thesis is confirmed that the more significant the violation of carbohydrate and purine metabolism, the more significant androgenic deficiency. It is obvious that the most effective solution in choosing a strategy for treating androgen deficiency and disorders of carbohydrate and purine metabolism in overweight men is to normalize body composition and get rid of excess adipose tissue.

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