scholarly journals Influence of testosterone on purine metabolism and gout

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
T. S. Panevin
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Many different factors are involved in the regulation of purine metabolism. An important role is played by the level of sex hormones: high concentrations of androgens lead to a higher, and estrogen – to a lower level of uric acid. However, according to the results of numerous studies, it has been shown that the effect of sex hormones is not limited only to the uric acid concentration. Sex hormones affect inflammatory processes in the body by modulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulating the corresponding signaling pathways. Androgen deficiency can lead to obesity and metabolic disorders, which can contribute to the development and course of gout. This review examines the effect of testosterone, as well as the effect of changes in its concentration on the dynamics of purine metabolism and gout.

scholarly journals Total Flavonoids of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Alleviates Irinotecan-Induced Colitis via Modification of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Jun Yue ◽  
Yi-Feng Qin ◽  
An Kang ◽  
Hui-Juan Tao ◽  
Gui-Sheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Total Flavonoids

Irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced gastrointestinal toxicity strongly limits its anticancer efficacy. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., especially flavonoids, has strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Herein, we investigate the protective effect of the total flavonoids of G. uralensis (TFGU) on CPT-11–induced colitis mice from the perspective of gut microbiota and fecal metabolism. The body weight and colon length of mice were measured. Our results showed that oral administration of TFGU significantly attenuated the loss of body weight and the shortening of colon length induced by CPT-11. The elevated disease activity index and histological score of colon as well as the up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the colonic tissue of CPT-11–treated mice were significantly decreased by TFGU. Meanwhile, TFGU restored the perturbed gut microbial structure and function in CPT-11–treated mice to near normal level. TFGU also effectively reversed the CPT-11–induced fecal metabolic disorders in mice, mainly call backing the hypoxanthine and uric acid in purine metabolism. Spearman’s correlation analysis further revealed that Lactobacillus abundance negatively correlated with fecal uric acid concentration, suggesting the pivotal role of gut microbiota in CPT-11–induced colitis. Since uric acid is a ligand of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, TFGU was further validated to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by CPT-11. Our findings suggest TFGU can correct the overall gut microbial dysbiosis and fecal metabolic disorders in the CPT-11–induced colitis mice, underscoring the potential of using dietary G. uralensis as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant.

scholarly journals Review Article: URIC ACID HOMEOSTASIS AND DISTURBANCES

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferry Fredy Karwur ◽  
Dwi Rahayu Pujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
Blood Uric Acid ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Abcg2 Gene

This review examined the homeostasis of uric acid in human body and analyzed recent studies of the affecting major variables. Normal uric acid concentration in male is 3.5-7.2 mg/dL and in female is 2.6-6 mg/dL. Daily turnover of normal uric acid ranges from 498-1392 mg/day, miscible pool is 767-1650 mg, reabsorption is 8064 mg/day, renal excretion is 262-620 mg/day and intestine 186-313 mg/day. The dynamics of uric acid is influenced by factors of food, drink, age, history of disease, and genetic. High purine dietary consumption increases blood uric acid by 1-2 mg/dL, 213-290 g/day fructose drinks increases 0.52-1.7 mg/dL, 1.5 g/kgBW sucrose increases 0.61 mg/dL, and 10-20 ml/kgBW beer increases 0.50-0.92 mg/dL. The ABCG2 gene plays a role in bringing uric acid out of the body by 114.31-162.73 mg/dL, SLC2A9 of 5.43-20.17 mg/dL, and SLC22A12 of 5.77-6.71 mg/dL. The data described the homeostasis of uric acid and the magnitude of the impact of environmental (consumption of food, beverages, and lifestyle) and genetic factors. Understanding uric acid homeostasis and its disturbances is important in managing diseases as a consequence of hyperuricemia and hypouryscemia

Purines in the Urine of Normal and Schizophrenic Subjects

1960 ◽  
Vol 106 (445) ◽  
pp. 1250-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda M. Bollard ◽  
R. H. Culpan ◽  
N. Marks ◽  
H. McIlwain ◽  
Michael Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
The Body

Although there have been many attempts to discover in the body fluids, chemical peculiarities characteristic of schizophrenic illness, the outcome of most of these investigations has been inconclusive (see for example Altschule, 1953; Kety, 1959). Little attention has been paid, however, to purine metabolism until the recent studies of Kishimoto (1958) who reported peculiarities in the absorption spectra of body fluids in schizophrenia which he attributed to abnormalities in the conversion of adenine through hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. These findings appeared to be supported by evidence which included the determination of urinary xanthine by a xanthine oxidase method based on that of Williams (1950).

scholarly journals Screening and Evaluation of Purine-Nucleoside-Degrading Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Winemaking Byproducts In Vitro and Their Uric Acid-Lowering Effects In Vivo

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Min-Wei Hsieh ◽  
Huey-Yueh Chen ◽  
Cheng-Chih Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Alcohol Fermentation ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Potassium Oxonate

In Taiwan, adult hyperuricemia affects as many as 1 in 4 males and 1 in 6 females, who are predominantly young adults aged 19–45. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance and high affinity to intestinal cells were extracted from the side products of alcohol fermentation (distillers’ grains). These bacteria were evaluated for their ability to lower uric acid levels. Qualitative identification and quantitative analysis were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on the purine-degrading enzymes to select purine-decomposing LAB for animal testing. When the final concentration of purine compounds reached 0.1% and 1%, seven strains of LAB showed potential in degrading purine compounds. HPLC was used to analyze their purine-degrading abilities, and the three best performing LAB strains, (107) 8–16, (107) tau 1–3, and (107) 6–10 were screened for further animal testing with Wistar rats. By the third week, the results showed that strain (107) 6–10 could prevent formation and reduce the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in yeast extract/potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. The multi-strain lactic acid bacteria (MLAB) performed best for uric acid reduction in the serum and down regulated BUN. Yeast extract/potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia had no impact on serum creatinine, while LAB did not affect the creatinine concentration. In summary, MLAB not only protects kidney function but is also effective in regulating uric acid concentration in the body. Hence, MLAB can be used as a functional food supplement that prevents or aids the treatment of hyperuricemia in a rodent model.

scholarly journals Features and relationships of metabolic syndrome components in men with androgen deficiency. Part 2. Disorders of carbohydrate and purine metabolism. Retrospective study data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sh. Pavlova ◽  
V. Yu. Grevina
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Androgen Deficiency

Introduction. There are few epidemiological data on violations of purine and carbohydrate metabolism in association with testosterone deficiency in men with overweight due to adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome (MS).Aim: to study the relationships between disturbances in carbohydrate and purine metabolism and testosterone level in men with excess adipose tissue and MS.Materials and Мethods. There were enrolled 64 overweight men to the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the body mass index (BMI): group 1 – with overweight (n = 24), group 2 – with the first degree of obesity (n = 21), group 3 – with the second and third degree of obesity (n = 19). A correlation analysis was carried out between the data of carbohydrate and purine metabolism in relation to testosterone level and body composition, as well as additionally assessing the level of inter-group difference.Results. The relationship between the parameters of carbohydrate and purine metabolism and the level of total testosterone has been identified, and it's formed against the background of overdeveloped adipose tissue. A weak negative correlation was found across the sample between testosterone and glucose, insulin, and the НОМА-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) index. That is, the higher the level of glucose, the НОМА-IR index, the lower the testosterone level. In addition, it was noted that an increase in BMI caused higher insulin levels. The number of patients with fasting blood glucose levels above 5.6 mmol/L and insulin resistance also increased. In the group with I degree of obesity, a negative correlation was found between the levels of total testosterone and uric acid.Conclusion. Thus, the thesis is confirmed that the more significant the violation of carbohydrate and purine metabolism, the more significant androgenic deficiency. It is obvious that the most effective solution in choosing a strategy for treating androgen deficiency and disorders of carbohydrate and purine metabolism in overweight men is to normalize body composition and get rid of excess adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Evaluation of body composition, resting metabolic rate and frequency of metabolic disorders in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Daria A. Bespalyuk ◽  
Pavel L. Okorokov ◽  
Igor S. Chugunov
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Soft Mass ◽  
Adipose Mass

BACKGROUND: Kleinfelter syndrome (KS) is a common genetic disease characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The high risk of developing of metabolic disorders in patients with KS is be explained by the presence of androgen deficiency, which leads to a decrease in the amount of lean soft mass and an increase of the adipose tissue content. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is determined by the amount of lean soft mass, and its reduction can contribute to weight gain and the progression of metabolic disorders in KS. AIM: Body composition, assessment of basal metabolism and metabolic profile in adolescents with KS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 28 adolescents with KS, comparable in age and stage of sexual maturation. All patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of clinical laboratory signs of hypogonadism. Patients passed through the evaluation of metabolic profile, bioelectrical impedance analysis for the body composition and chamber-based indirect calorimetry for the evaluation of BMR. RESULTS: Normal indicants of body composition were determined in 20 (71.4%) adolescents, excess of adipose mass in 6 (21.4%) patients, and deficit of adipose mass in 7.2% of cases. Among 6 patients with excess of adipose mass, three were obese or overweight, while the rest had normal SDS body mass index (BMI). 64.3% of adolescents showed normal indicants of energy exchange at rest, 6 (21.4%) a decrease of BMR, 4 (14.3%) - an increase of BMR. A comparative analysis of patient groups did not reveal statistically significant differences in BMR adjusted to a lean soft mass (OO/TM) (p=0.36). Insulin resistance was detected in 11 patients (39.3%), and the incidence of dyslipidemia was 3.6%. The groups did not significantly differ in terms of glycemia levels in the fasted state and lipid profile indicants. CONCLUSION: Most adolescents with KS have normal indicants of body composition and basal metabolism, as well as a low frequency of metabolic disorders, regardless of the level of total testosterone in blood. In some patients with normal SDS BMI, excess of adipose mass is detected. The lack of correlation between the level of testosterone and the intensity of BMR may indicate a slight effect of androgen deficiency on energy exchange at rest in adolescents with KS.

scholarly journals Uric Acid Contributes Greatly to Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity Besides Protein

2017 ◽  
pp. 1001-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MIKAMI ◽  
M. SORIMACHI
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Purine Nucleotide ◽  
Radical Trapping ◽  
Purine Nucleotide Metabolism

Uric acid is the end-product of purine nucleotide metabolism and an increase in uric acid concentration in the body results in hyperuricemia, ultimately leading to gout. However, uric acid is a potent antioxidant and interacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to be non-enzymatically converted to allantoin. Uric acid accounts for approximately 60 % of antioxidant capacity in the plasma; however, its contribution to tissue antioxidant capacity is unknown. In this study, the contribution of uric acid to tissue antioxidant capacity and its conversion to allantoin by scavenging ROS in tissue were examined. The results showed that a decrease in hepatic uric acid content via allopurinol administration significantly reduced hepatic total-radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) content in protein-free cytosol. Additionally, treating protein-free cytosol with uricase led to a further reduction of hepatic TRAP content. Allantoin was also detected in the solution containing protein-free cytosol that reacted with ROS. These findings suggest that in the absence of protein, uric acid contributes greatly to antioxidant capacity in the liver, where uric acid is converted to allantoin by scavenging ROS.

Purine loss after repeated sprint bouts in humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2037-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Stathis ◽  
S. Zhao ◽  
M. F. Carey ◽  
R. J. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Uric Acid Excretion ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Venous Plasma

The influence of the number of sprint bouts on purine loss was examined in nine men (age 24.8 ± 1.6 yr, weight 76 ± 3.9 kg, peak O2 consumption 3.87 ± 0.16 l/min) who performed either one (B1), four (B4), or eight (B8) 10-s sprints on a cycle ergometer, 1 wk apart, in a randomized order. Forearm venous plasma inosine, hypoxanthine (Hx), and uric acid concentrations were measured at rest and during 120 min of recovery. Urinary inosine, Hx, and uric acid excretion were also measured before and 24 h after exercise. During the first 120 min of recovery, plasma inosine and Hx concentrations, and urinary Hx excretion rate, were progressively higher ( P < 0.05) with an increasing number of sprint bouts. Plasma uric acid concentration was higher ( P < 0.05) in B8 compared with B1 and B4 after 45, 60, and 120 min of recovery. Total urinary excretion of purines (inosine + Hx + uric acid) was higher ( P < 0.05) at 2 h of recovery after B8 (537 ± 59 μmol) compared with the other trials (B1: 270 ± 76; B4: 327 ± 59 μmol). These results indicate that the loss of purine from the body was enhanced by increasing the number of intermittent 10-s sprint bouts.

scholarly journals HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PICTURES OF HEALTHY HUBBARD CLASSIC BROILER BIRDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
MO Faruqe ◽  
MR Alam ◽  
MER Bhuiyan ◽  
M Myenuddin
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Haemoglobin Content

To evaluate the certain haematobiochemical parameters in different ages of Hubbard Classic broiler birds, the study was performed at Kazi Farms Ltd., Gazipur in collaboration with the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for a period of one month (1st to 30th March 2002). On haematobiochemical examination, total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, packed cell volume, clotting time, glucose and uric acid concentration were gradually increased with advancement of age of birds. The values of TEC, Hb, PCV, clotting time, glucose and uric acid were recorded at day old birds as average 1.23 ± 0.02 million / cmm, 3.90 ± 0.09 g%, 19.60± 0.24 % , 37.20 ± 1.50 second, 179.20 ± 8.95 mg / dl and 3.72 ± 0.58 mg / dl respectively while the values at day 30 were 2.43 ± 0.07 million / cmm, 7.26 ± 0.16 g%, 28.20 ± 0.58%, 206.40 ± 10.17 second, 271.60 ± 8.56 mg / dl and 6.42 ± 0.65 mg / dl respectively which were found statistically significant (p < 0.01). On the other hand erythrocyte sedimentation rate, cholesterol and urea concentration were gradually decreased where significantly (p < 0.05) higher values (2.80 ± 0.20 mm in 1st hour, 330.40 ± 38.52 mg / dl and 26.42 ± 2.06 mg/ dl respectively) were recorded at day old chicks and lower values (1.80 ± 0.37 mm in 1st hour, 104.20 ± 3.24 mg / dl and 17.00 ± 0.07 mg / dl respectively) were recorded at age of 30 days old of birds. The findings of the present work clearly indicate that age has got influential effect on the body haemopoietic system of the broiler birds as well as haematobiochemical values.

scholarly journals Importance of Visceral Obesity and Testosterone Deficiency in the formation of metabolic disorders in men

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Z. R. Gusova ◽  
E. O. Dzantieva
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Testosterone Deficiency

Background. During a long time, men appraise the problem of overweight as a natural process of aging in the conditions of social demand and physical inactivity. Therefore, there is usually no reason to see a doctor and conduct a clinical examination. In this regard, obesity-associated metabolic diseases are often diagnosed late in the complication stage.Objective. Assessing the effects of obesity and androgen deficiency on the development of metabolic disorders in men.Materials and methods. 120 men with obesity aged 29–56 years who considered themselves healthy were examined. The patients were divided into two groups: in-group 1 included 56 people with a normal level of total testosterone (T), in-group 2 included 64 people with a level of total T less than 12.1 mmol / l, accordingly. The main indicators of carbohydrate, lipid, purine metabolism, and the level of sex hormones were investigated.Results. Аnalysis of the metabolic status of obese men who considered themselves completely healthy revealed a high incidence of dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance (IP), carbohydrate metabolism disorders and purine metabolism, and fatty hepatosis. The most significant changes were identified in the group of patients with testosterone deficiency.Conclusion. Visceral obesity in men is a high-risk factor for the formation of metabolic disorders. Androgen deficiency completed obesity leads to the formation of more severe metabolic changes in patients and the development of erectile dysfunction. Men with visceral obesity, even in the absence of actively complain need careful examination. It should include, along with the assessment of biochemical indicators of metabolic status, also control of the level of total serum testosterone.

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