scholarly journals Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
T. I. Rodionova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Endocrine Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Toxic Goiter ◽  
Genetically Determined

Endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO), or orbitopathy, is currently considered as a genetically determined independent autoimmune disease [38, 39]. At the same time, there is a close relationship between EO and autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland). In approximately 90% of cases, EO develops in patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTZ), in 5% in patients with Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis; in 5-10% of patients with EO, thyroid diseases are not detected [66]. The average age of patients with EA at the 1st visit to the doctor is 45-50 years and corresponds to the age of patients with DTZ; in children, EO develops rarely and proceeds, as a rule, in a mild form [51]. Smoking is considered a risk factor for the development of EO: among 85 EO patients, 53 (62%) smokers were found, and only 23% of the patients with DTZ without EO smoked [61, 66].

scholarly journals CARRIAGE OF THYROID ANTIBODIES AS A RISK FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-278
Author(s):  
V. G. Likhvantseva ◽  
M. S. Afanasyev ◽  
E. A. Rudenko ◽  
С. С. Afanasyev ◽  
E. V. Korosteleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Endocrine Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Toxic Goiter ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The influence of the carrier of thyroid autoantibodies (to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, to thyroglobulin, to thyroid peroxidase) on the clinical course of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP), developed on the background of diffuse toxic goiter (139 patients). We studied the role of carrier of monoantibodies and their combinations. It has been proven a direct link between the presence of the analyzed thyroid autoantibodies and the clinical course of EOP. It is shown that the presence of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies is not a lesser important risk factor for the development of EOP in patients with diffuse toxic goiter than the presence of antibodies to the receptor for thyroid-stimulating hormone, and the multiple carriers is associated with more frequent development of active forms of EOP and higher amplitude of inflammation of the orbit. Thus, serological indices and spectrum of thyroid antibodies revealed the depth of systemic disorders of autoimmunity, associated with an increased risk of the development of local autoimmune inflammation in the orbit and can serve as prognostic risk markers of development of highly active and severe forms of EOP.

scholarly journals Diffuse non-toxic goiter and pregnancy

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V. V. Potine ◽  
А. В. Loginov ◽  
N. N. Tkathenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Toxic Goiter ◽  
And Function ◽  
Second Degree

The aim of this study was to investigate of effect of pregnancy on the thyroid sizes and function at the patients with diffuse non-toxic goiter in a region of marginal iodine deficiency. Materials and methods: 132 pregnant women in the age of 18-39 years, including 110 with diffuse non- toxic goiter and 22 pregnant women with a normal thyroid gland, were examined. 30 patients with diffuse non-toxic goiter of the first degree received 200 мкг per day of KI (iodid- 200), 40 patients with diffuse non-toxic goiter of the second degree received a 25-75 micrograms/day thyroxine (euthyrox). 25 patients with diffuse non-toxic goiter had not received regular therapy. The autoimmune thyroiditis is revealed for 15 women with diffuse non-toxic goiter. They received a 75-100 micrograms/day euthyrox. We estimated volume of the thyroid gland by ultrasound, serum TSH and serum thyroid hormone in each trimester of pregnancy. Results: At the healthy women during pregnancy the percentage increase of volume of a thyroid gland has constituted 24,30,2%. At the patients with diffuse non-toxic goiter, not receiving therapy, the thyroid gland was authentically increased at 37,11,1%. At the pregnant women receiving iodidum the percentage increase of volume of a thyroid gland has constituted 12,30,7%. After of a euthyrox therapy there was a relative decrease of the thyroid volume by 13,70,5%. In the group of healthy women a TSH level has increased inconsiderable from l,30,6mU/l to l,60,2mU/l to the end of pregnancy. During pregnancy in the group of women with diffuse non-toxic goiter without treatment rising the TSH values in a blood from l,40,3mU/I to 2,30,2 mU/l was revealed. The mean TSH levels of the goitrous pregnant group, receiving iodidum, essentially did not vary during pregnancy. In the goitrous pregnant group, receiving euthyrox, a TSH level has decreased considerably from l,80,5mU/l to 0,60,2 mU/l to the end of pregnancy. TSH values and free T4 in all the pregnant women were within the reference range in a blood of the healthy nonpregnant women. Was not observed of differences of pregnancy course and term delivery in compared groups. The high frequency of complications of pregnancy is connected to availability of the not diagnosed autoimmune thyroiditis. Conclusion: These results recommend to usage of iodine at the women with a not enlarged thyroid gland and with diffuse non-toxic goiter of the first degree and nonsupressic doses of thyroxine at the women with diffuse non-toxic goiter of the second degree during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The levels of immunoreactive proteins and cytokines in the blood of the patients presenting with autoimmune thyroid diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
T P Maklakova ◽  
V N Zorina ◽  
T T Shapel’ ◽  
O N Boiko ◽  
R M Zorina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Toxic Goiter

We determined the levels of TSH, free T4 (fT4), immunoregulatory proteins (alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2-MG), lactoferrin (LF), alpha-1-antitripsin (α1-AT) , and cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma)) in the blood of 50 women presenting with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) and 35 women with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) before and 4-6 months after the treatment. Thirty healthy women served as controls. Hypothyroidism in the outcome of AIT was associated with hypercytokinemia and the enhanced levels of a2-MG and LF, but not a1-AT. The treatment had no effect on these parameters but normalized the TSH and T4 levels. Manifest DTG was associated with the increased IFN-gamma, IL-6, α2-MG, LF, and α1-AT levels . The treatment during 4-6 months resulted in the reduction of the IL-6 and α2-MG levels whereas the hormonal status of the patients became normal. The persistence of certain disturbances suggested that dysfunction of the immune system was not totally corrected despite the normalization of the hormonal status and could be interpreted as the risk factor of a relapse of thyroid pathology.

scholarly journals Hormonal contraception with progestagen desogestrel in women with diffuse non-toxic goiter аnd autoimmune thyroiditis

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Galina Petrovna Pologoyko ◽  
Maria Igorivna Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Tatyana Mihajlovna Lekareva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Toxic Goiter ◽  
And Function

The article represents influence of gestagen desogestrel on size and function of thyroid gland in women of reproductive age. Into the study we included 70 women who were prescribed gestagen desogestrel in a daily dose of 75 mg for a period of 12 months. All the patients were devided into two groups. The first group consisted of 20 women with diffuse nontoxic goiter, the second consisted of 30 women with autoimmune thyroiditis. Control group consisted of 20 women without thyroid gland pathology. Prior to therapy with desogestrel and after 12 month of treatment, serum levels of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyrotropin releasing hormone, thyroperoxidase antibodies were determined and thyroid gland sonigraphy was performed in all the patients. Obtained data show that gestagen desogestrel doesn’t influence the size and function of thyroid gland in healthy women and in patients with diffuse non-toxic goiter. In women with autoimmune thyroiditis implication of desogestrel significantly decreases blood levels of thyroperoxidase autoantibodies.

The cardiovascular system in type 2 diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders in the absence of thyroid gland dysfunction

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
Marina F. Ballyuzek ◽  
P. A. Ignat’eva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Pathology ◽  
Toxic Goiter

The state of the cardiovascular system was studied in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders in the absence of thyroid gland dysfunction. 76.9% of the 302 patients with DM2 had thyroid pathology; in 23,8% it was not previously diagnosed. We compared euthyroid patients with DM2 without thyropathies and with diffuse-nodular changes largely in the form of diffuse-multinodular non-toxic goiter and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). It was demonstrated that enhanced frequency of thyroid disorders is related to DM2 duration and vascular complications. The predominant thyroid pathology in DM2 was diffuse-multinodular non-toxic goiter followed by autoimmune thyroiditis. Nodular forms in AIT without DM2 are rare whereas multinodular forms in the patients with DM2 and AIT occur much more frequently. Node formation is related to such DM2 complications as diabetic nephropathy, angiopathy, and retinopathy. The study showed that the frequency of both non-specific clinical changes characteristic of thyroid dysfunction and of specific cardiological manifestations in euthyroid patients with DM2 and thyroid pathology significantly increases especially in the presence of AIT and anti-thyreoperoxidase antibodies, regardless the form of thyropathy. It may be due to immuno-inflammatory cross talk between thyroid and myocardial tissues. Patients with DM2 and diffuse-nodular changes in the thyroid gland more frequently presented with different forms of atrial fibrillation and high-grade ventricular extrasystole than patients with AIT or DM2 without thyropathies. It is concluded that euthyroid patients with DM2 need their thyroid function to be regularly monitored. The development of examination algorithm is an object of further studies.

scholarly journals A rare case of transformation of autoimmune thyroiditis into Grave’s disease after COVID-19 disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kravchenko V O ◽  
◽  
Rakov O ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Grave’S Disease ◽  
Common Diseases

Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) and Graves’ disease are autoimmune diseases with the opposite state of thyroid function: hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. Typically, thyrotoxicosis can progress to thyroiditis and eventually hypothyroidism. The transformation of autoimmune thyroiditis into Graves’ disease is a very rare event. SARS-CoV-2 viral infection shares autoimmune mechanisms with common diseases of the thyroid gland and may be the cause of their diseases. We have described a case of Graves’ disease after suffering Covid-19 in a patient with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism.

THE VITAMIN D AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS IN PEDIATRIC AGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANA TCHELIDZE ◽  
SALOME GLONTI ◽  
DAVIT BARATASHVILI ◽  
NINO KEDELIDZE ◽  
IRINA NAKASHIDZE
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pediatric Age

Autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, including autoimmune thyroiditis, are widespread diseases. Autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) is found within the pediatric age. The aim is to study vitamin D within pediatric age patients with autoimmune thyroi­ditis. The study showed that the vitamin D level is low within AT compared to the control group (p=0.017).

scholarly journals Thyroid gland – historical essay

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
Tatiana Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Historical Essay ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Toxic Goiter ◽  
The 19Th Century

Formulation of the problem. The first imagest hyroid gland can be found in ancient Egyptian and ancient Chinese sculptures date back 2700 years to oursera. Historiographical base. The thyroid gland was known already the authors of antiquity and the Middle Ages, although they described goiter and cretinism, but have not yet linked these diseases to the disorder gland function. The purpose of the study - to analyze the historical milestones in the formation of thyroidology. Main part. As early as 1600 year BC were among the first, Chinese doctors in treatment of enlarged thyroid gland steel use seafood and seaweed, but they do not knew that the therapeutic effect arises from iodine. Large scientist Gallen believed that the thyroid gland is a kind"Buffer" between the heart and the brain. In the 19th century it became actively develop thyroid surgery, with the main problem of surgeons remained high mortality. In 1881, Billroth was one of the first in Europe to report 48 successful thyroid surgeries. Upon receipt artificial thyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism (insufficiency thyroid hormones) a new era began. Another half of the 20th century was marked by active research causes of autoimmune diseases such as diffuse toxic goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis. Detected antibodies to thyroperoxidase, antibodies to thyroglobulin, antibodies to TSH receptors. Conclusion. Definitely the future of development knowledge in the field of thyroid gland according to research in the field genetics of diseases, creation of new drugs and methods diagnosis of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland.

Laryngeal Manifestations of Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-456
Author(s):  
Jenny L. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
Referral Practices ◽  
Timely Referral

Purpose This review article provides an overview of autoimmune diseases and their effects on voice and laryngeal function. Method A literature review was conducted in PubMed. Combinations of the following keywords were used: “autoimmune disease and upper airway,” “larynx,” “cough,” “voice,” “dysphonia,” and “dyspnea.” Precedence was given to articles published in the past 10 years due to recent advances in this area and to review articles. Ultimately, 115 articles were included for review. Results Approximately 81 autoimmune diseases exist, with 18 of those highlighted in the literature as having laryngeal involvement. The general and laryngeal manifestations of these 18 are discussed in detail, in addition to the clinical implications for a laryngeal expert. Conclusions Voice, breathing, and cough symptoms may be an indication of underlying autoimmune disease. However, these symptoms are often similar to those in the general population. Appropriate differential diagnosis and timely referral practices maximize patient outcomes. Guidelines are provided to facilitate correct diagnosis when an autoimmune disease is suspected.

Features of the ovarian reserve of women of reproductive age suffering from autoimmune diseases

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Elena N. Andreeva ◽  
Olga R. Grigoryan ◽  
Yulia S. Absatarova ◽  
Irina S. Yarovaya ◽  
Robert K. Mikheev
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antithyroid Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Women

The reproductive potential of a woman depends on indicators of the ovarian reserve, such as the anti-Muller hormone (AMH) and the number of antral follicles (NAF). Autoimmune diseases have a significant effect on fertility and contribute to the development of premature ovarian failure. Aim.To evaluate the parameters of the ovarian reserve in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, carriers of antibodies to the thyroid gland in a state of euthyroidism and compare them with similar parameters in healthy women. Materials and methods.In the first block of the study, the level of AMH, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, NAF was studied among 224 women with diabetes and 230 healthy women in the control group. In block II, the level of the above hormonal indices was studied in 35 carriers of antithyroid antibodies in the state of euthyroidism and 35 healthy women. Results.In patients with type 1 diabetes, the level of AMH, NAF was statistically significantly lower when compared with the control group. Among carriers of antithyroid antibodies and healthy women, no difference in AMH and NAF was found. Conclusion.The autoimmune processes accompanying diabetes are more influenced by the ovarian reserve indices than autoimmune aggression to the tissues of the thyroid gland.

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