Role of stress proteins and hormones in bioregulation of ontogeny

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
V I Goudochnikov
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Present Moment

In this short review article we tried to overview diffusely spread data on the role of stress proteins and hormones in ontogeny. The work presented here is a product of our long-term studies beginning from the middle of eighties of the last century and performed both in Russia and Brazil. It involves the results obtained with the use of experimental models on laboratory animals in vivo and in vitro, as well as later theoretical research in world literature databases. In experimental studies we used laboratory rats of different age groups and primary cultures of pituitary and liver cells for evaluating respectively body and organ growth and production of immunoreactive growth hormone (GH) and serum albumin (SA), as well as biosynthesis of DNA, total RNA and protein. The results obtained, showing important role of glucocorticoids (GC) in regulation of perinatal pituitary and liver functions and postnatal growth, were reinterpreted by us recently in the frame of DOHaD concept and as related to perinatal imprinting/programming phenomena. It is concluded that the present moment is quite appropriate for the widening of our studies both to the side of early embryonal development and in direction to aging, thus completing the whole cycle of life history / course research, as referred to stress proteins and hormones.

In Vitro Culture of Human Thyroid Cells: Preliminary Findings on the Role of the Pathological Condition of the Donors

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Francesca Mattioli ◽  
Marianna Angiola ◽  
Laura Fazzuoli ◽  
Francesco Razzetta ◽  
Antonietta Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Predictive Indicator

Although primary cultures of human thyroid cells are used for endocrinological and toxicological studies, until now no attention has been paid toward verifying whether the hormonal conditions to which the gland was exposed in vivo prior to surgery could influence in vitro responses. Our findings suggest that the hormonal situation in vivo cannot be used as a predictive indicator of triiodothyronine and thyroxine release and/or S-phase frequency in vitro, either with or without the addition of bovine thyrotropin.

scholarly journals Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin contributes to stem cell characteristics and enhances tumorigenicity of Glioblastoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Lara-Velazquez ◽  
Natanael Zarco ◽  
Anna Carrano ◽  
Jordan Phillipps ◽  
Emily S Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common primary brains tumors in adults with almost 100% recurrence rate. Patients with lateral ventricle proximal GBMs (LV-GBMs) exhibit worse survival compared to distal locations for reasons that remain unknown. One potential explanation is the proximity of these tumors to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its contained chemical cues that can regulate cellular migration and differentiation. We therefore investigated the role of CSF on GBM gene expression and the role of a CSF-induced gene, SERPINA3, in GBM malignancy in vitro and in vivo. Methods We utilized patient-derived CSF and primary cultures of GBM brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs). We determined the impact of SERPINA3 expression in glioma patients using TCGA database. SERPINA3 expression changes were evaluated at both the mRNA and protein levels. The effects of knockdown (KD) and overexpression (OE) of SERPINA3 on cell behavior were evaluated by transwell assay (for cell migration), and alamar blue and Ki67 (for viability and proliferation respectively). Stem cell characteristics on KD cells were evaluated by differentiation and colony formation experiments. Tumor growth was studied by intracranial and flank injections. Results GBM CSF induced a significant increase in BTIC migration accompanied by upregulation of the SERPINA3 gene. In patient samples and TCGA data we observed SERPINA3 to correlate directly with brain tumor grade and indirectly with GBM patient survival. Silencing of SERPINA3 induced a decrease in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and stem cell characteristics, while SERPINA3 overexpression increased cell migration. In vivo, mice orthotopically-injected with SERPINA3 KD BTICs showed increased survival. Conclusions SERPINA3 plays a key role in GBM malignancy and its inhibition results in a better outcome using GBM preclinical models.

scholarly journals Scientific Basis for the Potential Use of Melatonin in Bone Diseases: Osteoporosis and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Sánchez-Barceló ◽  
M. D. Mediavilla ◽  
D. X. Tan ◽  
R. J. Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bone Degradation ◽  
Potential Use

The objective of this paper was to analyze the data supporting the possible role of melatonin on bone metabolism and its repercussion in the etiology and treatment of bone pathologies such as the osteoporosis and the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Melatonin may prevent bone degradation and promote bone formation through mechanisms involving both melatonin receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions. The three principal mechanisms of melatonin effects on bone function could be: (a) the promotion of the osteoblast differentiation and activity; (b) an increase in the osteoprotegerin expression by osteoblasts, thereby preventing the differentiation of osteoclasts; (c) scavenging of free radicals generated by osteoclast activity and responsible for bone resorption. A variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, although with some controversial results, point toward a possible role of melatonin deficits in the etiology of osteoporosis and AIS and open a new field related to the possible therapeutic use of melatonin in these bone diseases.

scholarly journals Locus Coeruleus Modulates Neuroinflammation in Parkinsonism and Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8630
Author(s):  
Filippo Sean Giorgi ◽  
Francesca Biagioni ◽  
Alessandro Galgani ◽  
Nicola Pavese ◽  
Gloria Lazzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future

Locus Coeruleus (LC) is the main noradrenergic nucleus of the central nervous system, and its neurons widely innervate the whole brain. LC is severely degenerated both in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and in Parkinson’s disease (PD), years before the onset of clinical symptoms, through mechanisms that differ among the two disorders. Several experimental studies have shown that noradrenaline modulates neuroinflammation, mainly by acting on microglia/astrocytes function. In the present review, after a brief introduction on the anatomy and physiology of LC, we provide an overview of experimental data supporting a pathogenetic role of LC degeneration in AD and PD. Then, we describe in detail experimental data, obtained in vitro and in vivo in animal models, which support a potential role of neuroinflammation in such a link, and the specific molecules (i.e., released cytokines, glial receptors, including pattern recognition receptors and others) whose expression is altered by LC degeneration and might play a key role in AD/PD pathogenesis. New imaging and biochemical tools have recently been developed in humans to estimate in vivo the integrity of LC, the degree of neuroinflammation, and pathology AD/PD biomarkers; it is auspicable that these will allow in the near future to test the existence of a link between LC-neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration directly in patients.

Abstract T P67: The Role of PGF2-alpha FP Receptor in a Mouse Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekher Mohan ◽  
Shuh Narumiya ◽  
Sylvain Dore
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Fp Receptor

Background: Prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) has been described to exert beneficial and detrimental effects in various neurological disorders. Brain damage following an intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) stroke is associated with the release of inflammatory molecules such as PGF 2α ; however, the role of PGF 2α and its cognate FP receptor in ICH remains unclear. Methods: Using age (2.5-3.5 months) and weight-matched (20-30g) adult male WT and FP -/- C57BL/6a single unilateral intrastriatal injection of collagenase VII-S [0.04 Units in 0.2μL saline] was given using specific stereotaxic coordinates. To measure for functional outcomes, neurobehavioral assays were performed 24, 48 and 72h post-ICH. These included neurological deficit scoring (NDS) using a 24-point scale, accelerating speed rotarod test to measure motor deficits and forepaw grip strength (in grams) using a grip strength meter (GSM) to measure of sensorimotor ability. Results: NDS : 72h after ICH, FP -/- mice showed significantly higher deficits as compared to WT mice (4.6±0.8 vs 0.5±0.4; p <0.01, n=4-8). Rotarod : 24h post-ICH, FP -/- mice showed a greater reduction in the total time on the rotarod as compared to WT mice (36.0±9.8s vs 58.6±7.1s). Forepaw grip strength : FP -/- mice showed a significantly less strength as compared to WT mice at 72h post-ICH (96.4±17.0g vs 129.6±5.9g; p <0.01). Additional studies in process include determining the lesion volume and assessing neuronal death using Cresyl Violet and Fluoro-Jade staining, respectively. In addition to in vivo protocols, in vitro experiments with primary cultures are planned to determine the mechanism responsible for these novel findings. Conclusion: We have shown that deletion of the FP receptor exacerbates behavioral impairments following ICH compared to WT controls. However, the complete mechanism responsible for these novel results is actively being pursued.

Thermal Inactivation of Carcasses of Mice and Rabbits Infected with Pathogens of Risk Groups Two to Four

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna-Mari Baldauf ◽  
Siegfried Weingartner ◽  
Katharina Hofmann ◽  
Gerda Mitteregger-Kretzschmar ◽  
Bastian Popper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation

Pathogenesis of viruses or other agents that are infectious to humans is frequently studied in vivo using natural or genetically modified animals. Depending on the risk group of the pathogen, the majority of such experimental studies are performed at least under biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) conditions. Biosafety considerations are therefore critical at all steps of research involving potentially infectious pathogens. Inactivation of pathogens studied using in vitro experiments is usually performed using moist heat sterilization. However, few standardized and validated protocols are currently available for the thermal inactivation of carcasses from laboratory animals infected with such human pathogens. To comply with laboratory biologic safety rules and requirements imposed by regulatory authorities, documentation of appropriate inactivation conditions or use of a validated procedure according to national or international standards is critical. In the current study, we evaluated inactivation protocols in a standard laboratory autoclave for carcasses of either frozen mice or recently terminated rabbits, which were placed inside autoclave bags with bedding material in stainless steel containers. Temperature sensors were placed into differenttissues of the carcasses to continuously record temperature in situ and in real-time, and a reference sensor was placedin the autoclave. To achieve pathogen inactivation, autoclaving protocols had to be optimized for both species. Frozen micerequired 2 different fractionated prevacuum stages, whereas recently terminated rabbits required 3 different fractionatedprevacuum stages. This study provides a template for an evaluation procedure to safely and effectively inactivate mice and rabbits infected with risk group 2 to 4 pathogens.

scholarly journals Microbiota and Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases—An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Catinean ◽  
Maria Adriana Neag ◽  
Andrei Otto Mitre ◽  
Corina Ioana Bocsan ◽  
Anca Dana Buzoianu
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the relationship between microbiota and various diseases, especially immune-mediated diseases. Because conventional therapy for many autoimmune diseases is limited both in efficacy and safety, there is an increased interest in identifying nutraceuticals, particularly probiotics, able to modulate the microbiota and ameliorate these diseases. In this review, we analyzed the research focused on the role of gut microbiota and skin in immunity, their role in immune-mediated skin diseases (IMSDs), and the beneficial effect of probiotics in patients with this pathology. We selected articles published between 2009 and 2019 in PubMed and ScienceDirect that provided information regarding microbiota, IMSDs and the role of probiotics in these diseases. We included results from different types of studies including observational and interventional clinical trials or in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. Our results showed that probiotics have a beneficial effect in changing the microbiota of patients with IMSDs; they also influence disease progression. Further studies are needed to better understand the impact of new therapies on intestinal microbiota. It is also important to determine whether the microbiota of patients with autoimmune diseases can be manipulated in order to restore homeostasis of the microbiota.

Quantitative EPXMA imaging of rapidly frozen kidney proximal tubule primary cultures

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
A.J. Spencer ◽  
L.A. Hawkey ◽  
A. LeFurgey ◽  
K.G. Dickman ◽  
L.J. Mandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Kidney Proximal Tubule ◽  
Cell Element

Understanding the role of elements/ions (particularly calcium) in processes such as cellular injury in the kidney requires not only assessment of total cell element and its cytoplasmic free ion, but also identification of the sites of release, uptake and binding of those ions/elements within the cells and correlation with physiological lesions such as changes in cell metabolism. Short term anoxia (40min) does not appear to alter Ca compartmentation in kidney proximal tubule cells. However, the effects of longer periods of anoxia and subsequent recovery have not been studied due to the lack of a suitable in vitro model. Quantitative electron probe x ray (EPXMA) imaging facilitates assessment of cell ultrastructure and measurement of total element with high lateral spatial resolution. We have therefore applied EPXMA imaging to a recently described preparation of primary kidney proximal tubule cultures, which retain the in vivo metabolic features of proximal tubules for longer periods of time in vitro.

scholarly journals Variation in Clinical Application of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Review

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxan Helderman ◽  
Daan Löke ◽  
H. Kok ◽  
Arlene Oei ◽  
Pieter Tanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Rapid Disease Progression ◽  
Drug Concentrations

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) originating from gastrointestinal and gynecological malignancies are associated with a poor prognosis and rapid disease progression. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an effective treatment option with curative intent. Hyperthermia enhances the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby killing microscopic tumors and reducing the risk of tumor recurrence. Eight parameters potentially have an impact on the efficacy of HIPEC: the type of drug, drug concentrations, carrier solution, volume of the perfusate, temperature of the perfusate, duration of the treatment, the technique of delivery, and patient selection. In this review, a literature search was performed on PubMed, and a total of 564 articles were screened of which 168 articles were included. Although HIPEC is a successful treatment, there is no standardized method for delivering HIPEC: the choice of parameters is presently largely determined by institutional preferences. We discuss the current choice of the parameters and hypothesize about improvements toward uniform standardization. Quantifying the effect of each parameter separately is necessary to determine the optimal way to perform HIPEC procedures. In vivo, in vitro, in silico, and other experimental studies should shed light on the role of each of the eight parameters.

scholarly journals Hormones in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-189
Author(s):  
Majid Ghareghani ◽  
Amir Ghanbari ◽  
Ali Eid ◽  
Abdullah Shaito ◽  
Wael Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Eae Model ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which activated immune cells attack the CNS and cause inflammation and demyelination. While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, the interaction between hormones and the immune system plays a role in disease progression, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are incompletely understood. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental, but also clinical studies, have addressed the possible role of the endocrine system in susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases. Although there are several demyelinating models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the oldest and most commonly used model for MS in laboratory animals which enables researchers to translate their findings from EAE into human. Evidences imply that there is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction, and the response to various immunological or pharmacological interventions, which led to conflicting results on the role of specific hormones in the EAE model. In this review, we address the role of endocrine system in EAE model to provide a comprehensive view and a better understanding of the interactions between the endocrine and the immune systems in various models of EAE, to open up a ground for further detailed studies in this field by considering and comparing the results and models used in previous studies.

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