scholarly journals Unconventional Classifiers and Anti-social Machine Intelligences

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Monica Monin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Style Transfer ◽  
Social Machine ◽  
Data Collaboration

Abstract Artificial intelligence technologies and data structures required for training have become more accessible in recent years and this has enabled artists to incorporate these technologies into their works to various ends. This paper is concerned with the ways in which present day artists are engaging with artificial intelligence, specifically material practices that endeavour to use these technologies and their potential non-human agencies as collaborators with differential objectives to commercial fields. The intentions behind artists’ use of artificial intelligence is varied. Many works, with the accelerating assimilation of artificial intelligence technologies into everyday life, follow a critical path. Such as attempting to unveil how artificial intelligence materially works and is embodied, or to critically work through the potential future adoptions of artificial intelligence technologies into everyday life. However, I diverge from unpacking the criticality of these works and instead follow the suggestion of Bruno Latour to consider their composition. As for Latour, critique implies the capacity to discover a ‘truer’ understanding of reality, whereas composition addresses immanence, how things come together and the emergence of experience. Central to this paper are works that seek to collaborate with artificial intelligence, and to use it to drift out of rather than to affirm or mimic human agency. This goes beyond techniques such as ‘style transfer’ which is seen to support and encode existing human biases or patterns in data. Collaboration with signifies a recognition of a wider field of what constitutes the activity of artistic composition beyond being a singularly human, or AI, act, where composition can be situated in a system. This paper will look at how this approach allows an artist to consider the emerging materiality of a system which they are composing, its resistances and potentials, and the possibilities afforded by the exchange between human and machine intentions in co-composition.

scholarly journals Representations, Affordances, and Interactive Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Robert Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Algorithmic Composition ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The history of algorithmic composition using a digital computer has undergone many representations—data structures that encode some aspects of the outside world, or processes and entities within the program itself. Parallel histories in cognitive science and artificial intelligence have (of necessity) confronted their own notions of representations, including the ecological perception view of J.J. Gibson, who claims that mental representations are redundant to the affordances apparent in the world, its objects, and their relations. This review tracks these parallel histories and how the orientations and designs of multimodal interactive systems give rise to their own affordances: the representations and models used expose parameters and controls to a creator that determine how a system can be used and, thus, what it can mean.

Towards a Lexically Oriented Automatic Parsing

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Lucio Costa
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sono Stati ◽  
Use Context ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Context Free

RIASSUNTO La ricerca sul linguaggio naturale condotta in Intelligenza Artificiale si è sviluppata, malgrado le apparenze, in modo alquanto indipendente dal la-voro dei linguisti. Da un lato sono stati elaborati modelli computazionali delle facoltà di lunguaggio che si configurano come largamente autonomi rispetto a quelli sviluppati in linguistica. D'altro lato, l'implementazione dei sistemi è stata influenzata da soluzioni pragmatiche connesse all'efficacia computazionale delle regole indipendenti dal contesto, alla necessità di evitare componenti trasformazionali inversi e ad una concezione rappresenta-zionale del significato. Il presente articolo propone l'interesse dei lavori lin-guistici di Z. S. Harris e M. Gross ai fini dello sviluppo di un'analisi sintat-tica automatica che sia a controllo diffuso e incentrata sul comportamento idiosincratico delle unità lessicali. Essa è anche inquadrata nel tentativo di gettare luce sulla natura del processo denotazionale. SUMMARY In spite of the claim on the interactions between artificial intelligence (AI) and linguistics, AI research on natural language has developed independently from the work of linguists. On one hand, computational models of the faculties of language which are independent from the models developed in linguistics have been worked out. On the other hand, the AI system design has been oriented towards practical solutions, whose main motivations where to use context-free rules, to avoid an inverse transformational component, and to represent meanings by some data structures. This paper is about the linguistic works of Z.S. Harris and M. Gross to develop automatic distributed control parsing which takes seriously into account the indiosyncratic behaviour of the lexical items. The general framework for the discussion is the procedural nature of the denotational process.

scholarly journals Empathet(H)Ics: Intersubjectivity, Interobjectivity, and (Non)Human Storytellers in Colum Mccann’s Let The Great World Spin

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-225
Author(s):  
Ada Beleuță ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Inflection Points ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Over Time

Tracing some of the inflection points in our conceptualization of empathy, social cognition, intersubjective understanding, and social theories over time, this essay attempts to contextualize and give a possible explanation to the more radical changes determined by the so-called nonhuman turn. Drawing on the theories proposed by Steven Connor, Bill Brown, and Bruno Latour on the relations between human and nonhuman agents, the paper will argue for the inherent potential of things to both exceed the limits of human agency and cognitive capacities (specifically, memory and intersubjective understanding) and foster their expansion. A reading of Colum McCann’s Let the Great World Spin (2009) will emphasize the importance of interobjectivity as a mechanism of augmenting empathy and intersubjective understanding. The polyphony of narrativized memories of loss, mourning, trauma – and even pre-trauma, in their construction of an alternative history to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, uses things to encode, store, and retrieve memories, as well as to facilitate (re)connections with others beyond boundaries of space, time, or death. Thus, the democratic force of storytelling returns to corroborate “a democracy extended to things” (Latour).

scholarly journals Plant Life and More-than-human Agency in Zainab Amadahy’s Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Paula Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Human Agency ◽  
Speculative Fiction ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Donna Haraway ◽  
Cultural Violence ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
As If

For centuries humans have acted as if the environment was passive and as if the agency was related only to human beings. Both Indigenous and non-Indigenous writers, scholars, and artists express the need to narrate tales about the multitudes of the living earth, which can help perceive the Earth as vibrant and living. The following paper discusses Black/Cherokee Zainab Amadahy’s speculative fiction novel 2013 Resistance as an example of a story resisting the claim about human beings as the ultimate species. The paper initially scrutinizes the phenomena of “plant blindness” and then explores how Zainab Amadahy illustrates plant life in her book. Unlike in traditional literary depictions of botany, the writer presents tobacco as an active and responsive agent that influences the characters, which, consequently, opposes anthropocentrism. The article also addresses the cultural violence and disregard that has dominated the Western perception of animistic cultures and expresses the need to rethink the theory of animism. This paper draws from posthumanist writings by scholars including Donna Haraway, Bruno Latour, Jane Bennett, and Stacy Alaimo. It also refers to some of the most influential contributions to critical plant studies made by Indigenous thinkers such as Robin Wall Kimmerer’ s Braiding Sweetgrass (2013).

scholarly journals Challenges of Aligning Artificial Intelligence with Human Values

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
Margit Sutrop ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Moral Problem ◽  
Technical Challenge ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Normative Question ◽  
Alignment Problem ◽  
The Normative Question

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming increasingly autonomous and will soon be able to make decisions on their own about what to do, AI researchers have started to talk about the need to align AI with human values. The AI ‘value alignment problem’ faces two kinds of challenges—a technical and a normative one—which are interrelated. The technical challenge deals with the question of how to encode human values in artificial intelligence. The normative challenge is associated with two questions: “Which values or whose values should artificial intelligence align with?” My concern is that AI developers underestimate the difficulty of answering the normative question. They hope that we can easily identify the purposes we really desire and that they can focus on the design of those objectives. But how are we to decide which objectives or values to induce in AI, given that there is a plurality of values and moral principles and that our everyday life is full of moral disagreements? In my paper I will show that although it is not realistic to reach an agreement on what we, humans, really want as people value different things and seek different ends, it may be possible to agree on what we do not want to happen, considering the possibility that intelligence, equal to our own, or even exceeding it, can be created. I will argue for pluralism (and not for relativism!) which is compatible with objectivism. In spite of the fact that there is no uniquely best solution to every moral problem, it is still possible to identify which answers are wrong. And this is where we should begin the value alignment of AI.

The perspective of the use of artificial intelligence in the formation and control of modern and future urban areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (80) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
D.N. Abilev ◽  
◽  
G.S. Dzhakipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Perfect Model ◽  
Routine Tasks ◽  
And Control

With the development of technologies and their introduction into everyday life, there is also the possibility of their professional use in various industries and structures. The AI system is a virtual assistant, whose development every year can create a perfect model of urban control and a virtual assistant in helping people with many routine tasks. This article describes the prospects for using AI and examples of its development.

Modesty in the Anthropocene

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-46
Author(s):  
Thom Dancer
Keyword(s):  
Human Agency ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Critical Inquiry ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Aesthetic Expression

This chapter argues that modesty offers an alternative, legitimate model of critical engagement with a world defined by limited human agency and perpetual crisis in which we are irrevocably implicated. This argument is situated in the context of the profound changes in worldview entailed by what I call “Anthropocene thinking.” With this phrase, I signal a departure from solely environmental approaches to the Anthropocene, instead focusing on how the era unsettles conventional habits of aesthetic expression and critical inquiry. The second section offers a defence of “modesty” as opposed to other possible key terms (such as humility or generosity) by showing how critical modesty has a precursor in the style of William James’s pragmatism. The chapter offers a reading of literary and narrative form in the writing of Bruno Latour. Despite Latour’s growing popularity in literary studies, critics have tended to overlook the crucial function of form, style, and technique in his writing. Attending to Latour’s writing at a more granular level illustrates how a work can be formally modest about its position with respect to what it studies while also being critical, insofar as any redescription offers a contrasting account of the world. The chapter’s literary approach allows that the Latourian style of inquiry and novelistic discourse are up to the same kind of thing: attempting to make sharable a process of thinking that opens up conversation about the composition of our world.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Cellular Networks: A Critical Path to Beyond-5G and 6G

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubayet Shafin ◽  
Lingjia Liu ◽  
Vikram Chandrasekhar ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Jeffrey Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Critical Path

scholarly journals SocNav1: A Dataset to Benchmark and Learn Social Navigation Conventions

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis J. Manso ◽  
Pedro Nuñez ◽  
Luis V. Calderita ◽  
Diego R. Faria ◽  
Pilar Bachiller
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Training Algorithms ◽  
Social Navigation ◽  
As Graph ◽  
Graph Neural Networks ◽  
Gathering Data ◽  
Culture Dependent

Datasets are essential to the development and evaluation of machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. As new tasks are addressed, new datasets are required. Training algorithms for human-aware navigation is an example of this need. Different factors make designing and gathering data for human-aware navigation datasets challenging. Firstly, the problem itself is subjective, different dataset contributors will very frequently disagree to some extent on their labels. Secondly, the number of variables to consider is undetermined culture-dependent. This paper presents SocNav1, a dataset for social navigation conventions. SocNav1 aims at evaluating the robots’ ability to assess the level of discomfort that their presence might generate among humans. The 9280 samples in SocNav1 seem to be enough for machine learning purposes given the relatively small size of the data structures describing the scenarios. Furthermore, SocNav1 is particularly well-suited to be used to benchmark non-Euclidean machine learning algorithms such as graph neural networks. This paper describes the proposed dataset and the method employed to gather the data. To provide a further understanding of the nature of the dataset, an analysis and validation of the collected data are also presented.

Transport autonomiczny a polskie prawo w kolejnym 100-leciu niepodległości

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Frania
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Polish Law

The article presents legal challenges, that must be tackled by Polish jurisprudence in the upcoming next hundred years of Polish independence. As the key challenge, the author has indicated adaptation of Polish law to an increasingly common use of artificial intelligence in everyday life. But, the author focused his attention to use of artificial intelligence in transport. Concepts of this issue sanctioning were indicated on examples of European Union and the United States of America.

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