scholarly journals The morphogenesis of marandu palisadegrass at fixed or variable heights in different seasons of the year

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Róger Carvalho Cardoso ◽  
Guilherme Portes Silva ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Kelen Cristina Basso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Constant Height ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Senescence Rate ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Height variations in a sward over the year may be efficient for increasing plant growth, compared with maintenance of the sward at a constant height. Thus, this experiment was conducted from February 2013 to May 2014 to characterise the development of Urochloa brizantha syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisadegrass), managed under three defoliation strategies: constant height (30 cm during the entire experimental period), increasing height (15 cm in the winter, 30 cm in the spring, and 45 cm in the summer), and decreasing height (45 cm in the winter, 30 cm in the spring, and 15 cm in the summer). The experimental design was completely randomised, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. Phyllochron was higher in the winter, but leaf and stem elongation rates and the number of live leaves per tiller were lower compared with the spring and summer. In the summer, the swards under increasing height displayed a higher phyllochron than those under decreasing and constant height. When comparing seasons, the highest leaf senescence rate occurred in spring. In the winter, the sward with increasing height had shorter leaves and stems, in contrast to the summer. The sward under decreasing height showed a high stem elongation rate in the spring. Marandu palisadegrass has great flexibility in terms of defoliation management and a typical seasonal development pattern. Modifying the sward height results in a gradual change in the development of marandu palisadegrass and generates residual effects on the subsequent season.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of marandu palisade grass closer to or farther from cattle feces varies by season

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Mendonça de Carvalho ◽  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Camilla Rodrigues de Almeida Carvalho ◽  
João Paulo Franco da Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics of the Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu Syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the different seasons of the year, in locations closer to or farther from feces deposited by cattle in pastures. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates. The following response-variables were calculated: phyllochron (PHYL), leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), leaf senescence rate (LSR), life span of the leaf (LSL), stem length (SL), leaf blade length (LBL), number of dead leaves per tiller (NDLT), and number of living leaves per tiller (NLLT). Farther from the feces, a larger phyllochron period was observed in all seasons. The LSL was greater in winter, especially farther from feces. Closer to feces, higher values were observed for LAR, LER and LBL compared with the sites farther from feces. The SL, SER, and NLLT were lower in the winter compared with the other seasons. In the summer, a greater NDLT value was observed than in the other seasons. The deposition of feces by cattle and the seasons of the year both affect the morphogenesis of B. brizantha cv. Marandu, generating the observed spatial and temporal variability in pasture grass.

scholarly journals Productivity and nutritional quality of Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã grass fertirrigated with swine wastewater in different seasons of the year

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1366-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Pereira Gomes ◽  
◽  
Arthur Carniato Sanches ◽  
José Gutemberg Gimenes Deboleto ◽  
Fernanda Lamede Ferreira de Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

scholarly journals Effects of postgrazing residue on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pastures

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2043
Author(s):  
Wilton Ladeira Silva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Ruggieri ◽  
Ricardo Andrade Reis ◽  
Américo Garcia Silva Sobrinho ◽  
Euclides Braga Malheiros
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Senescence Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

The ideal time to start grazing is when pastures reach 95% light interception. The use of residual leaf area index (rLAI) to time the interruption of grazing under intermittent grazing has recently been studied in forage species in different climatic conditions in Brazil. However, studies evaluating the formation and development of leaves and tillers through morphogenetic and structural variables in functional rLAI are still lacking for Tifton 85 pastures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying rLAI in successive grazing cycles on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pasture grazed intermittently by sheep. Morphogenetic and structural characteristics were evaluated in three grazing cycles under three rLAI conditions (0.8, 1.6, and 2.4). The regrowth interval (time taken to return to 95% light interception) of pastures increased from 21.33 to 29.66 days with decreasing rLAI. The leaf appearance rate increased at a rate of 0.02 leaves tiller-1 day-1 and the number of live leaves per tiller increased by 0.41 with decreasing rLAI. Phyllochron, leaf elongation rate, final leaf length, leaf senescence rate, and stem elongation rate decreased linearly with decreasing rLAI. The number of live leaves per tiller was lower (7.97) in the third grazing cycle, probably owing to the higher senescence rate observed that same cycle, while the other variables had higher values. The 2.4 rLAI condition promotes excessive stem elongation, reduced leaf appearance, lower number of live leaves per tiller, and increased senescence of leaves, while the 0.8 and 1.6 rLAI conditions promote desirable morphogenetic and structural characteristics, which correlate directly with forage quality. In order to avoid excessive forage losses, grazing must occur preferentially by the end of March, when climatic conditions still support the appropriate development of the plants.

scholarly journals Height and productivity of Urochloa brizantha in different seasons and cutoff frequencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
José Augusto Velazquez Duarte ◽  
Marco Antonio Previdelli Orrico Junior ◽  
Ana Carolina Amorim Orrico ◽  
Marcos Arturo Ferreira Aguero ◽  
Gustavo Daniel Vega Britez
Keyword(s):  
Cutoff Frequencies ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

scholarly journals Contribution of tiller age category to herbage accumulation of Marandu palisadegrass under two fertilization regimes

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
◽  
Angélica Nunes Carvalho ◽  
Adenilson José Paiva ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Senescence Rate ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
High Fertilization ◽  
Age Category

Based on the hypothesis that climate and fertilizers influence the proportion of tiller age categories in the canopy and, consequently, in herbage accumulation, the objective of this study was to determine the population density and the contribution of tiller age categories for herbage accumulation of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the year and in response to phosphate and nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of two fertilization strategies: low and high fertilization and three tiller ages (young, mature and old), evaluated at four times of the year: winter, early and late spring, and summer. The total number of tillers and the proportion of young tillers were higher in late spring and summer. The growth and herbage accumulation rates showed a typical seasonal pattern and were higher in the canopy under high fertilization. Old tillers contributed more to control the total stem growth rate, as well as the canopy senescence rate. The highest percentage of young tillers is related to the high herbage accumulation in the Marandu palisadegrass canopy.

scholarly journals Crop response to residual effects of basic slag, aggregate size and groundwater level treated acid sulfate soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Monija Manjur ◽  
Sonia Hossain ◽  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Sulfate Soils

A pot experiment with two acid sulfate soils of Badarkhali and Cheringa series were performed. After 18 years of fallow period in 2016, a crop trial was done in order to evaluate the response of rice plant without giving additional treatments. The average maximum temperature during the experimental period was 33.2ºC and average rainfall was 57 mm. Two cultivars of rice BRRI 48 and BRRI hybrid dhan 06 showed the tallest plant height of 115 cm and tillers 6.31 in numbers/plant on an average in both the soils. Panicle length was 16.5 cm, 1000-grain weight 22 g, grain yield 4.72 g/m2 and harvest index was 0.01 on average in both the soils. The experiment indicates that soil condition for crop growth possesses good quality after a long time and growth and yield parameters found satisfactory and significant (p ≤ 0.05). Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 113-123, 2018 (July)

scholarly journals Marandu palisade grass intercropped with densely spaced teak in silvopastoral system

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Avelino Cabral ◽  
Lívia Vieira de Barros ◽  
Joadil Gonçalves de Abreu ◽  
Felipe Gomes da Silva ◽  
Carla Heloisa Avelino Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

This study was conducted to evaluate two systems of production: integration between teak and forage (silvopastoral system) and forage only (monoculture). The forage species used was Marandu palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). In January 2009, part of the pasture was desiccated and the teak (Tectona grandis) was implemented in a 3 × 4 m spacing arrangement, and at every five rows, a space between rows of 6 m was established, providing a population of 750 trees per hectare. Alongside the development of the trees, the Marandu palisade grass pasture was reestablished. In February 2015, the animals were removed from the experimental area and, in March, the pasture degradation, the density and the mass of tillers was assessed. The following variables were evaluated: sward height; forage mass, percentage of leaf blade, stem+sheath and senescent material; leaf blade:stem+sheath ratio; and live:dead material ratio. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 12 replicates. Treatments consisted of two systems (silvopastoral and monoculture). The total forage accumulation was higher in the monoculture system. The sward height and the percentage of stem+sheath were higher in the integrated system, while the percentage of leaf blade and the leaf blade:stem+sheath ratio were higher in the system exclusively with forage. In conclusion, Marandu palisade grass tolerates shading in a high density spacing silvopastoral system, but the degradation process is more intense compared to grass in monoculture, and the use of Marandu palisade grass in silvopastoral systems changes the forage mass and the structure of the produced forage.

Factors affecting the growth of Pennisetum purpureum in the wet tropics. I. Short-term growth and regrowth

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ferraris ◽  
DF Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Elongation Growth ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moisture Percentage ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Tiller Density

Six plantings of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureurn) were made at 2-monthly intervals in the wet tropics of north Queensland. Each crop was sampled for yield at monthly intervals. After 6 months' growth each crop was ratooned for a further 6 months' growth, with yield samples again being taken at monthly intervals. As well, stem elongation growth was measured twice weekly, together with various climatic parameters and soil moisture to 90 cm. Regrowths after each monthly harvest were sampled 1 month after cutting. Short-term growth, measured as elongation growth and averaged for the whole experimental period, was found to have a significant parabolic relationship with crop age and available soil moisture percentage, but not with average temperature or evaporation. Regrowth yields were found to be linearly and positively correlated with tiller density prior to ratooning and regrowth tiller density, with average regrowth temperature or regrowth degree days but linearly and negatively correlated with moisture regime, whether expressed as average parent-crop soil moisture prior to harvest, average regrowth soil moisture percentage or the summation of stress-free days. It was concluded that environmental limitations to growth in this environment, though relatively short lived, were significant in reducing long-term yields. Growth, however, was possible at all times.

scholarly journals Effects of Paclobutrazol on Production and Landscape Performance of Texas Maroon Bluebonnet

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 884E-885
Author(s):  
Kyle R. Bading* ◽  
Garry V. McDonald ◽  
Michael A. Arnold ◽  
Wayne A. Mackay ◽  
Jerry M. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Potential Landscape

Texas maroon bluebonnets (Lupinus texensis Hook. `Texas Maroon') grown for fall planting may be germinated as early as September. Plant growth regulators are commonly applied to control excessive stem elongation during production, but may potentially result in adverse responses in the landscape due to residual effects. In October 2003, an experiment was initiated to observe potential landscape residual effects of paclobutrazol (formulated as Bonzi) applied during the production phase to retard internode elongation. Seedlings were received in six-pack cell units. On 30 Oct. 2003, while still in six-packs, bluebon-nets were sprayed with paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol was applied at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg·L-1 a.i. at a coverage rate of 10 mL per 0.93 m2. After treatment, half of the plants were transplanted from six-packs to 0.73 L pots and the other half remained in six-packs. Plants were grown in a nursery until they reached a marketable stage (13 Nov. 2003 for six-packs, 20 Nov. 2003 for 0.73-L pots). At the end of nursery production, one half of the plants (both container sizes) were then planted to landscape plots (0.3 m centers) at either College Station, Texas or Dallas, Texas. During the production phase, bluebonnets grown in 0.73-L pots had slightly larger growth indices than those produced in six-packs. As application rates of paclobutrazol increased, growth indices decreased. Possible residual effects on growth and flowering will also be discussed.

scholarly journals PSXII-40 Encapsulated nitrate to beef cattle growing under grazing system supplemented during the dry-rainy season

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
Cibelle B Figueiredo ◽  
Mauricia B Silva ◽  
Juliano Fernandes ◽  
Higor Rocha ◽  
Alana M Calaça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Transition Season ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Supplement Intake

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of the encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate as a partial substitute for soybean meals in the concentrate on performance and rate consumption of Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions, supplemented during the growing phase. Sixty-four Nellore young bulls (initial BW = 246.69 ± 7.43 kg) where allotted into 16 paddocks of 1.0 ha each of Urochloa brizantha, randomly assigned into one of two treatments: (CTL) supplement with 22% CP, without nitrate inclusion and; (ENP): supplement with 22% CP, with a inclusion of 50 g of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate to each 100 kg of body weight. The experimental period lasted 84 d, during the dry-rainy transition season. Animals were supplemented with 1.0% of BW, once a day (at 1000 h). Supplementation disappearance rate were evaluated the during continuous 24h after feeding, with intervals of 3 hours. For performance evaluation, animals were weighted every 28 days. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, using ANOVA (α = 0.05). There were no differences in ADG (1,039 vs 1,012 kg, P < 0.4468), G:F (0.299 vs 0.331, P < 0.1435) and final BW (336.44 vs 329.86 kg, P < 0.2063). The treatments affected the rate of supplementation disappearance (P < 0.0001). Control animals consumed all supplement offered 9h after fed. On the other hand, animals from the nitrate supplementation consumed only 54.65% in the same period. The nitrate decreased the overall supplement intake (P < 0.0011) with CTL consumed 2.844 kg, while ENP consumed 2.492 kg. The inclusion of 50 g of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate to each 100 kg of body weight in the supplement of growing cattle under grazing conditions, on dry-rainy transition season decreases DMI and the rate of supplemental disappearance, however, this not affected the performance.

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