Height and productivity of Urochloa brizantha in different seasons and cutoff frequencies

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics of the Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu Syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the different seasons of the year, in locations closer to or farther from feces deposited by cattle in pastures. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates. The following response-variables were calculated: phyllochron (PHYL), leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), leaf senescence rate (LSR), life span of the leaf (LSL), stem length (SL), leaf blade length (LBL), number of dead leaves per tiller (NDLT), and number of living leaves per tiller (NLLT). Farther from the feces, a larger phyllochron period was observed in all seasons. The LSL was greater in winter, especially farther from feces. Closer to feces, higher values were observed for LAR, LER and LBL compared with the sites farther from feces. The SL, SER, and NLLT were lower in the winter compared with the other seasons. In the summer, a greater NDLT value was observed than in the other seasons. The deposition of feces by cattle and the seasons of the year both affect the morphogenesis of B. brizantha cv. Marandu, generating the observed spatial and temporal variability in pasture grass.

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The morphogenesis of marandu palisadegrass at fixed or variable heights in different seasons of the year

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n2a2020-42217 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽

Róger Carvalho Cardoso ◽

Guilherme Portes Silva ◽

Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽

Kelen Cristina Basso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Elongation ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Seasonal Development ◽

Gradual Change ◽

Sward Height ◽

Constant Height ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Senescence Rate ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

Height variations in a sward over the year may be efficient for increasing plant growth, compared with maintenance of the sward at a constant height. Thus, this experiment was conducted from February 2013 to May 2014 to characterise the development of Urochloa brizantha syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisadegrass), managed under three defoliation strategies: constant height (30 cm during the entire experimental period), increasing height (15 cm in the winter, 30 cm in the spring, and 45 cm in the summer), and decreasing height (45 cm in the winter, 30 cm in the spring, and 15 cm in the summer). The experimental design was completely randomised, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. Phyllochron was higher in the winter, but leaf and stem elongation rates and the number of live leaves per tiller were lower compared with the spring and summer. In the summer, the swards under increasing height displayed a higher phyllochron than those under decreasing and constant height. When comparing seasons, the highest leaf senescence rate occurred in spring. In the winter, the sward with increasing height had shorter leaves and stems, in contrast to the summer. The sward under decreasing height showed a high stem elongation rate in the spring. Marandu palisadegrass has great flexibility in terms of defoliation management and a typical seasonal development pattern. Modifying the sward height results in a gradual change in the development of marandu palisadegrass and generates residual effects on the subsequent season.

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Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY ◽

10.24297/jac.v12i7.2802 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 451-459

Author(s):

Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽

Mohamed A. Ebiad

Keyword(s):

Toxic Effect ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Octane Number ◽

Liquid Fuel ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Hydrocarbon Composition ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Different Seasons ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

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Wing lengths of Clamorous Reed Warblers Acrocephalus stentoreus in Israel

Ring ◽

10.2478/v10050-008-0067-1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 89-92

Author(s):

John Morgan

Keyword(s):

Wing Length ◽

First Year ◽

Comparable Data ◽

Reed Warbler ◽

Data Set ◽

Acrocephalus Scirpaceus ◽

Different Seasons ◽

A Site ◽

Made In ◽

New Discovery

Wing lengths of Clamorous Reed Warblers Acrocephalus stentoreus in Israel Wing length measurements taken from first-year, pre- and post-moulting (annual, complete) Clamorous Reed Warblers were recorded at a site in northern Israel. The resulting data set was examined using a time-series of residuals (CUSUM). Results from this analysis can explain the reported heterogeneity found in a comparable data set by Merom et al. (1999). Further observations made in their paper are rebutted: (1) an implied assumption that Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) spring migration in Israel ends by 1 May is contrary to other publications; (2) the late autumn occurence in N Israel of longer-winged 1st cal. yr. Reed Warblers, unconvincingly explained as either delayed migration by larger individuals or post fledging feather growth, is most likely due to birds from different provenances origins moving at different seasons; (3) growth during adulthood in Reed Warbler is not a new discovery, though presented as such.

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Current Status of Anserinae Wintering in Azov-Black Sea Region of Ukraine

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2019-0029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 297-312

Author(s):

Yu. O. Andryushchenko ◽

V. S. Gavrilenko ◽

V. A. Kostiushyn ◽

V. N. Kucherenko ◽

A. S. Mezinov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Current Status ◽

Anser Anser ◽

Scientific Publications ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Black Sea Region ◽

Chen Caerulescens ◽

Branta Bernicla ◽

The North ◽

Different Seasons

Abstract In the article is analyzed own field data of the authors and scientific publications on the wintering of Anserinae in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine in 1900–2017, but the main data was obtained in frame of international mid-winter counts (IWC) in 2005–2017. It was found that 9 species of Anserinae occur in this region during the different seasons of the year: Anser anser — nesting, wintering and migrating; Rufibrenta ruficollis, A. albifrons, A. erythropus, A. fabalis — migrating and wintering; Branta canadensis, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Chen caerulescens — vagrant or birds which flew away from captivity (zoo etc.). Eulabeia indica — is possible vagrant species. The most numerous wintering species is A. albifrons, common — Rufibrenta ruficollis, not numerous — Anser anser, the other species are not met annually and registered in a very small number. There was almost tenfold drop in number of wintering geese in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine during the period of counts. The main reasons of such reducing of geese amount are the followwing: weather and climate conditions, changes in the forage acessibility, hunting and poaching pressure, poisoning as a result of deratization of agricultural lands, and from 2014 — the militarization of the Syvash area and stop of water supplying of Crimea through the North Crimean channell. It is likely that the factors mentioned above led to relocating of wintering areas of Anserinae, and resulted in decreasing of their amount in this region.

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Some small-sized Cosmarium (Conjugatophyceae, Desmidiales) from sphagnum bogs of Moscow Region

Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii ◽

10.31111/nsnr/2013.47.13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

O. V. Anissimova

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Moscow Region ◽

Biological Station ◽

Sphagnum Bogs ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Scanning Electron

Algae samples were collected during different seasons from 1997 to 2011 in two swamps located at Zvenigorod Biological Station in Moscow Region. There were found 25 Cosmarium species and varieties, 9 taxa of them being new to the region. Descriptions of the taxa were specified by observation of cell wall ornamentation with light and scanning electron microscopy. Original descriptions, photos and drawings of algae are presented.

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Statistical Processing and Correlations Between Concentrations of Some Atmospheric Pollutants in Suceava and Botosani Counties

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.20.7.8235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (7) ◽

pp. 175-186

Author(s):

Doina Lutic ◽

Danut-Gabriel Cozma

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Monoxide ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

Geographic Area ◽

The Other ◽

Atmospheric Pollutants ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

National Network ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Official Site ◽

Social Wealth

The abundance of some pollutants from the air depend on the geographic area, the human activities intensity, the climate, the season and even on the hour within a day. The nitrogen oxides are the most abundant and most dangerous toxic species from the air, and these emissions are tightly connected to human polluting activities. Therefore, in our work, the first part is assigned for a wide literature search concerning the incidence of the keywords �nitrogen oxide� and searching the connections with other significant related terms and formulas, investigated by the researches worldwide. Then, a statistic approach was applied trying to correlate the values of the concentration in air of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, benzene and particulate matter PM10, all of these being generated to a large extent from the exhaust gases from different automotives. The data were collected from the official site of the National Network of Air Quality Monitoring from Romania, and processed by statistical methods, using specific software and methods, in order to find significant differences between the pollutants concentrations values in two neighbor counties (Suceava and Botosani), with relatively similar climate conditions, but different social wealth. The findings of these statistical processing indicate that the PM10 values do not present significant differences between the two locations, neither the time within a day, while the other parameters exhibit distinctions between the values of the other pollutants concentrations in different seasons (summer and winter) and hourly intervals within a day (night, morning, afternoon and evening).

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