scholarly journals Contribution of tiller age category to herbage accumulation of Marandu palisadegrass under two fertilization regimes

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
◽  
Angélica Nunes Carvalho ◽  
Adenilson José Paiva ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Senescence Rate ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
High Fertilization ◽  
Age Category

Based on the hypothesis that climate and fertilizers influence the proportion of tiller age categories in the canopy and, consequently, in herbage accumulation, the objective of this study was to determine the population density and the contribution of tiller age categories for herbage accumulation of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the year and in response to phosphate and nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of two fertilization strategies: low and high fertilization and three tiller ages (young, mature and old), evaluated at four times of the year: winter, early and late spring, and summer. The total number of tillers and the proportion of young tillers were higher in late spring and summer. The growth and herbage accumulation rates showed a typical seasonal pattern and were higher in the canopy under high fertilization. Old tillers contributed more to control the total stem growth rate, as well as the canopy senescence rate. The highest percentage of young tillers is related to the high herbage accumulation in the Marandu palisadegrass canopy.

scholarly journals Seasonal Pattern of Stem Diameter Growth of Qinghai Spruce in the Qilian Mountains, Northwestern China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Wan ◽  
Pengtao Yu ◽  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Yanhui Wang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
Qinghai Spruce ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

It is important to develop a better understanding of the climatic and soil factors controlling the stem diameter growth of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) forest. The results will provide basic information for the scientific prediction of trends in the future development of forests. To explain the seasonal pattern of stem diameter growth of Qinghai spruce and its response to environmental factors in the Qilian Mountains, northwest China, the stem diameter changes of 10 sample trees with different sizes and soil and meteorological conditions were observed from May to October of 2015 and 2016. Our results showed that the growth initiation of the stem diameter of Qinghai spruce was on approximately 25 May 2015 and 20 June 2016, and stem diameter growth commenced when the average air and soil temperatures were more than 10 °C and 3 °C, respectively. The cessation of growth occurred on approximately 21 August 2015 and 14 September 2016, and it was probably controlled by soil moisture. Stem diameter growth began earlier, ended later, and exhibited a larger growth rate as tree size increased. For the period May–October, the cumulative stem diameter growth of individual trees was 400 and 380 μm in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The cumulative stem diameter growth had a clear seasonal pattern, which could be divided into three growth stages, i.e., the beginning (from day of year (DOY) 120 to the timing of growth initiation with the daily growth rate of less than 2 μm·day−1), rapid growth (from the timing of growth initiation to the timing of growth cessation with the daily growth rate of more than 2 μm·day−1), and ending stages (from the timing of growth cessation to DOY 300 with the daily growth rate of less than 2 μm·day−1). The correlation of daily stem growth and environmental factors varied with growth stages; however, temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil moisture were the key factors controlling daily stem diameter growth. Overall, these results indicated that the seasonal variation in stem growth was regulated by soil and climatic triggers. Consequently, changes in climate seasonality may have considerable effects on the seasonal patterns of both stem growth and tree growth.

scholarly journals Characterization of Urban New Particle Formation in Amman—Jordan

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tareq Hussein ◽  
Nahid Atashi ◽  
Larisa Sogacheva ◽  
Simo Hakala ◽  
Lubna Dada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
New Particle Formation ◽  
Vapor Source ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Pattern Maximum ◽  
The Mean

We characterized new particle formation (NPF) events in the urban background of Amman during August 2016–July 2017. The monthly mean of submicron particle number concentration was 1.2 × 104–3.7 × 104 cm−3 (exhibited seasonal, weekly, and diurnal variation). Nucleation mode (10–15 nm) concentration was 0.7 × 103–1.1 × 103 cm−3 during daytime with a sharp peak (1.1 × 103–1.8 × 103 cm−3) around noon. We identified 110 NPF events (≈34% of all days) of which 55 showed a decreasing mode diameter after growth. The NPF event occurrence was higher in summer than in winter, and events were accompanied with air mass back trajectories crossing over the Eastern Mediterranean. The mean nucleation rate (J10) was 1.9 ± 1.1 cm−3 s−1 (monthly mean 1.6–2.7 cm−3 s−1) and the mean growth rate was 6.8 ± 3.1 nm/h (4.1–8.8 nm/h). The formation rate did not have a seasonal pattern, but the growth rate had a seasonal variation (maximum around August and minimum in winter). The mean condensable vapor source rate was 4.1 ± 2.2 × 105 molecules/cm3 s (2.6–6.9 × 105 molecules/cm3 s) with a seasonal pattern (maximum around August). The mean condensation sink was 8.9 ± 3.3 × 10−3 s−1 (6.4–14.8 × 10−3 s−1) with a seasonal pattern (minimum around June and maximum in winter).

Growth and Productivity of Tapioca (Manihot utilissima) IV. Devlopment and Yield of Tubers

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Tissue Cells

SUMMARYRoot measurements on three Malayan varieties of tapioca (high, medium and low-yielding clones) showed that the onset of tuberization brings about a slowing-down or cessation of growth in root length, but no changes in stem growth rate were associated with the onset of tuber growth. High yield was associated with high tuber weight rather than with tuber number, which could be related to the size of storage tissue cells formed by the root cambium. The process of tuberization in tapioca is discussed generally.

Stem-growth response of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies to nitrogen fertilization as related to needle nitrogen concentration

Trees ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Sikström ◽  
Hans-Örjan Nohrstedt ◽  
Folke Pettersson ◽  
Staffan Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Stem Growth

Performance and population growth rate of the cotton aphid, and associated yield losses in cucumber, under different nitrogen fertilization regimes

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Hosseini ◽  
Ahmad Ashouri ◽  
Annie Enkegaard ◽  
Seyed Hossein Goldansaz ◽  
Mahdi Nassiri Mahalati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cotton Aphid

Uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen by Myriophyllum aquaticum (Velloza) Verd. Growing in a wastewater treatment system

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System

The potential of the aquatic macrophyte M. aquaticum to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from secondarily treated wastewater effluent was investigated over 13 months. The flow-through wastewater treatment system consisted of three separate lagoons, the first lagoon with a floating mat of aquatic plants, the second with aquatic plants and aerated, and the third with aquatic plants under a polythene canopy and aerated. The aerated, canopy-covered lagoon was more efficient than the two other lagoons at removing influent ammonia- nitrogen (41 .I%), total nitrogen (16.7%), total phosphorus (4.2%), suspended solids (65%) and biochemical oxygen demand (18.1%). Influent phytoplankton numbers were also reduced by 98.6%. Following an initial planting density of 10 kg m-2 on a wet weight basis, the standing crop of aquatic plants in the aerated, canopy-covered lagoon had a mean daily growth rate of 6.27 g m-2 from May to October, resulting in daily accumulation rates of phosphorus and nitrogen of 0.12 g m-2 and 0.22 g m-2, respectively. Test pieces of M. aquaticum grown in separate enclosures within each lagoon had a mean daily growth rate of 7.0 g m-2 on a dry weight basis through winter in the aerated, canopy-covered lagoon and 18.0 g m-2 through summer in the exposed. aerated lagoon. Highest daily accumulation rates of the macronutrients were obtained in the exposed, aerated lagoon during spring and summer, with 0.43 g m-2 phosphorus and 1.26 g rn-2 nitrogen. Harvesting of plants resulted in an increase in ammonia-nitrogen in the lagoon effluent, caused by the removal of bacterial nitrifiers present on plant roots. Without harvesting, aufwuch accumulation on M. aquaticum and light restriction by the canopy resulted in a decrease in the phosphorus and nitrogen demand.

scholarly journals Effect of nicosulfuron on chlorophyll content of marandu-grass cultivated in crop-forest-livestock integration systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1876-1882
Author(s):  
Evander Alves Ferreira ◽  
Marcia Vitória Santos ◽  
Leandro Diego da Silva ◽  
Priscila Júnia Rodrigues da Cruz ◽  
Raul Ribeiro Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The aim of this work was to study the effect of sub-doses of herbicide nicosulfuron on the levels of chlorophyll and growth of marandu-grass in an forest-livestock integration system. The treatments consisted of eucalyptus consortium with sorghum (BRS 655 hybrid) and forage Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu-grass) at 12×2 and 12×3 m spacings in agroforestry systems, in addition to sorghum + marandu-grass and marandu-grass in monoculture. The doses of nicosulfuron applied at the marandu-grass were 0, 15 and 30 g ha-1. At 30 and 120 days after the application of nicosulfuron, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were measured usinf a portable chlorophyll meter, with six measurements per plant. Afterwards, the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b were calculated. We also measured the mass of the total dry matter of marandu-grass and growth rate of the culture. Marandu-grass plants cultivated in monoculture showed higher quantities of chlorophyll and the highest growth rates. The levels of chlorophyll a, b and chlorophyll a/b and the growth rate of marandu grass were similar between systems integrated with eucalyptus (12x2 and 12x3 m). The increase of herbicide dose negatively influenced on chlorophyll content in marandu-grass in all treatments evaluated. The use of nicosulfuron in doses of 25 and 50 g L-1 reduced the growth rate of marandu grass only when grown in monoculture

scholarly journals Growth of cowpea submitted to mineral fertilization and different doses of biofertilizer

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Mateus Alves de Sousa ◽  
Victor Sousa Avelino ◽  
Iolanda Maria Soares Reis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Different Doses

In the Northern region, the cultivation of cowpea is mainly carried out by small producers, who have little financial and technological resources to optimize and increase production. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of cowpea subjected to mineral fertilization and doses of biofertilizer produced in domestic compost. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment, covered with a 50% shade screen, at the Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarém PA, in 2017. Seeds were arranged in 5 L pots, containing 3.5 Kg of Yellow Latosol. For sowing, 3 seeds per pot were used and thinning occurred 7 days after seedling emergence, leaving only the most vigorous. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with subdivided plots, where the plots were the doses of biofertilizer (50, 100, 150 and 200 mL plant-1 + mineral fertilizer) and the subplots, the time periods: T1 (0 to 20 days), T2 (24 to 33 days), T3 (37 to 47 days) and T4 (51 to 61 days), containing five repetitions. Plant height, stem diameter, absolute stem growth rate and absolute growth rate in stem thickness were evaluated. The greatest growth of cowpea was obtained in treatments with mineral fertilization. The dose of 200 mL plant-1 of the biofertilizer showed results close to mineral fertilization, in different vegetative stages. Cowpea plants, starting at 45 DAE, tend to stabilize their growth in diameter.

scholarly journals (236) `Plum Surprise': A New Heat- and Drought-tolerant Evergreen Abelia

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020E-1021
Author(s):  
Carol D. Robacker ◽  
Sloane M. Scheiber
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The University

Abelia ×grandiflora is a hardy shrub in the landscape, surviving heat and drought with few pest problems. However, improved cultivars with better form, the ability to retain foliage during drought, and unique flowering and foliage characteristics are in demand. `Plum Surprise' is a new cultivar of Abelia that was developed at the University of Georgia in response to these needs. `Plum Surprise' is a seedling selection from the cross `Edward Goucher' × `Francis Mason'. It forms an unusual weeping, spreading mound with fine-textured foliage. In March and April, foliage is yellow-green with scattered red/purple leaves. In late spring, the foliage becomes emerald green, changing to a lighter green throughout the summer. New stem growth is red. The most striking features of `Plum Surprise' are the fall and winter foliage color and the evergreen habit of the cultivar. As autumn progresses, the outer shoots and leaves transform to red/purple or crimson, while the inner foliage is bright emerald green. Foliage is glossy in the winter, and a deep purple or burgundy color. `Plum Surprise' is a relatively light bloomer, with flowers scattered individually or in pairs. The flowers appear white, but on close examination have a purple blush with a pale yellow throat. `Plum Surprise' is noteworthy for its heat and drought tolerance. In both the summers of 2002 and 2005, when check cultivars had lost 50% to 80% of their foliage, `Plum Surprise' exhibited little leaf drop. `Plum Surprise' performs well in a pot under nursery conditions. The foliage cascades down over the pot, making an attractive appearance in both form and color.

scholarly journals Growth analysis of winter wheat cultivars as affected by nitrogen fertilization / Wachstumsanalyse von Winterweizensorten in Abhängigkeit von Stickstoffdüngung

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Eszter Sugár ◽  
Zoltán Berzsenyi ◽  
Péter Bónis ◽  
Tamás Árendás
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Area Index

Summary Growth analysis helps explain the differences in yield and growth potential between cultivars in response to management practices and environmental conditions. The aim of the research was: (i) to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the growth and growth parameters of different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and (ii) to study the relationship between yield and growth parameters at the individual plant and plant stand level. In the two-factorial, split-plot experiment, the main plot was the nitrogen (N) treatment and the sub-plot was the cultivar. In response to N fertilization, the values of growth rate parameters increased up to the N160 treatment. The mean values of crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1) in the treatments were as follows: N0: 10.4, N80: 15.4, N160: 17.2 and N240: 16.3. The leaf area index, leaf area duration and especially the duration of the flag-leaf gave a good reflection of the effect of N fertilization. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated the significant effect of growth rates, size and duration of leaf area, biomass distribution and yield components on the yield. The results showed that understanding the growth of plants is important for optimizing management decisions.

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