scholarly journals Marandu palisade grass intercropped with densely spaced teak in silvopastoral system

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Avelino Cabral ◽  
Lívia Vieira de Barros ◽  
Joadil Gonçalves de Abreu ◽  
Felipe Gomes da Silva ◽  
Carla Heloisa Avelino Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

This study was conducted to evaluate two systems of production: integration between teak and forage (silvopastoral system) and forage only (monoculture). The forage species used was Marandu palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). In January 2009, part of the pasture was desiccated and the teak (Tectona grandis) was implemented in a 3 × 4 m spacing arrangement, and at every five rows, a space between rows of 6 m was established, providing a population of 750 trees per hectare. Alongside the development of the trees, the Marandu palisade grass pasture was reestablished. In February 2015, the animals were removed from the experimental area and, in March, the pasture degradation, the density and the mass of tillers was assessed. The following variables were evaluated: sward height; forage mass, percentage of leaf blade, stem+sheath and senescent material; leaf blade:stem+sheath ratio; and live:dead material ratio. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 12 replicates. Treatments consisted of two systems (silvopastoral and monoculture). The total forage accumulation was higher in the monoculture system. The sward height and the percentage of stem+sheath were higher in the integrated system, while the percentage of leaf blade and the leaf blade:stem+sheath ratio were higher in the system exclusively with forage. In conclusion, Marandu palisade grass tolerates shading in a high density spacing silvopastoral system, but the degradation process is more intense compared to grass in monoculture, and the use of Marandu palisade grass in silvopastoral systems changes the forage mass and the structure of the produced forage.

scholarly journals Caracterização dos Estratos Verticais de Pastagens Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu Manejadas em Diferentes Alturas

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-15
Author(s):  
Rafaela Machado dos Santos ◽  
José Victor Pronievks Barreto ◽  
Mateus Ludovico Zamboti ◽  
Camila Cano Serafim ◽  
Kivia Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

A estrutura da pastagem é uma característica determinante tanto da dinâmica de crescimento da planta quanto do comportamento ingestivo dos animais. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever a densidade da forragem e a proporção dos componentes morfológicos da planta, nos estratos verticais de pastagens de capim Marandu, submetido ao pastejo em diferentes alturas. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e as análises de variância e de regressão. Durante o experimento, as alturas médias dos seis piquetes utilizados foram de 10, 17, 18, 29, 32 e 50 cm. O material coletado foi separado, em lâmina foliar, colmo verde e material morto, que foram analisados quanto ao teor de matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro. Os estratos verticais apresentaram diferentes composições em relação aos componentes morfológicos de acordo com a altura do pasto. Os estratos próximos ao solo apresentaram maior densidade de forragem com valores de 370 a 543 kg/ha.cm, maior proporção de colmos verdes (30 a 53%) e material morto (25 a 52%) e menor de lâminas foliares (10 a 35%). Independente da altura do pasto, os estratos superiores são mais sensíveis aos efeitos do animal e do ambiente, e apresentaram maiores teores de PB e FDN para lâminas foliares e colmos. Nos estratos acima de 15 cm, os valores de PB e FDN das lâminas foliares verdes variaram entre 10,3 e 13,6% e 49,3 e 54,2%, respectivamente. O manejo em diferentes alturas altera as características dos estratos verticais do pasto, principalmente, nos estratos acima de 15 cm.   Palavras-chave: Altura do Pasto. Densidade Forrageira. Colmos Verdes. Material Morto. Lâmina Foliar.   Abstract The pasture structure is a determining characteristic of both the plant growth dynamics and the animals ingestive behavior. The objective of the work was to describe the density and the proportion of the plant’morphological components, in the pastures vertical strata of Marandu grass, subjected to grazing at different heights. The design used was completely randomized and the analysis of variance and regression.  During the experiment, the average heights of  six paddocks used were 10, 17, 18, 29, 32 and 50 cm. The collected material was separated into leaf blade, green stem and dead material, which were analyzed as to the dry matter content, crude protein and fiber in neutral detergent. The vertical strata presented different compositions in relation to the morphological components according to the height of the pasture.  The near-soil strata showed higher forage density with values from 370 to 543 kg/ha.cm, higher proportion of green stems (30 to 53%) and dead material (25 to 52%) and smaller number of leaf blades (10 to 35%). Regardless of the height of the pasture, the upper strata are more sensitive to the animal and the environment effects, and presented higher levels of CP and NDF for leaf blades and stems.  In the strata above 15 cm, the values of PB and NDF of the green leaf blades varied between 10.3 and 13.6% and 49.3 and 54.2%, respectively. The management of different heights change the characteristics of the pasturevertical strata, mainly in the strata above 15 cm.   Keywords: Height of the Pasture. Forage Density. Green Stems. Dead Material. Leaf Laminas.  

scholarly journals Soil quality and soybean productivity in crop-livestock integrated system in no-tillage

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1248-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackeline Vieira dos Santos Laroca ◽  
Juliana Mendes Andrade de Souza ◽  
Gabriela Castro Pires ◽  
Gleidson José Coutinho Pires ◽  
Leandro Pereira Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Urease Enzyme ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Management Changes

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the soil and its relation with soybean (Glycine max) yield in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), with intercropping between grasses and legumes in the pasture phase. The experiment was carried out in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, on a dystrophic Oxisol, in which grasses (Megathyrsus maximus 'BRS Tamani' and Urochloa brizantha 'BRS Piatã'), intercropped with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata 'BRS Tumucumaque') and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan 'BRS Mandarim'), were cultivated after soybean harvest. A randomized complete block design was used, with three replicates, in a split-plot arrangement, in which grasses were considered as plots, and legumes as subplots. Legume intercrops provided increases of C and total N stocks. The intercrops caused the increase of C and N of the microbial biomass, whereas the single cultures contributed to stress in the soil microbiota. The activity of the urease enzyme was sensitive to management changes in the short term, but acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase were poorly sensitive indicators. Soil quality is high with intercropping between grasses and legumes, with positive effects on soybean grain yield.

scholarly journals Effect of increasing densities of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu on Eucalyptus urograndis initial development in silvopastoral system

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Anderson Almeida Colmanetti ◽  
Allan Lopes Bacha ◽  
Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
Rinaldo Cesar de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

scholarly journals IN-ORBIT IMPLEMENTATION OF ERROR PATCHING METHODS FOR LAPAN-A3/IPB OBDH FIRMWARE SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Wahyudi Hasbi ◽  
Abdul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Integrated System ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Internal Memory ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Satellite Sensors

ABSTRACTOBDH (On-board data handling) is a satellite subsystem that receives, processes, decides and executes commands from and to satellites. OBDH is built on two systems namely hardware and software integrated system (firmware system). In terms of hardware, OBDH uses a processor with 32bit RISC architecture, 128/256 Kbyte internal memory and a firmware system that is built using primitive programming. This programming uses the super loop architecture program and interrupt to manage the system to function properly. Problems occur when an error occurs in one of the functions in the interrupt routine resulting in failure of interpretation of commands or data from satellite sensors. This paper describes the implementation of the error patching methods on the LAPAN-A3/IPB Satellite OBDH firmware system in order to keep the system working well. Initial verification through testing on the ground have been successfully performed using engineering model of OBDH and hardware in the loop simulators (HWIL) module. Based on the test results, implementation on satellite has also been successfully done.ABSTRAKOBDH (On-board data handling) merupakan salah satu subsistem satelit yang berfungsi menerima, mengolah, mengambil keputusan dan mengeksekusi perintah dari dan ke satelit. OBDH dibangun berdasarkan dua buah sistem yaitu sistem perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak yang terintegrasi (sistem firmware). Dari sisi perangkat keras, OBDH menggunakan prosesor dengan arsitektur 32bit RISC, 128/256 Kbyte memori internal, dan sistem firmware yang dibangun menggunakan pemrograman primitif. Pemrograman ini menggunakan arsitektur program super loop dan interrupt untuk mengelola sistem agar dapat berfungsi dengan baik. Permasalahan terjadi ketika terjadi kesalahan pada salah satu fungsi pada rutin interrupt sehingga mengakibatkan kegagalan interpretasi perintah atau data dari sensor satelit. Paper ini menjelaskan mengenai implementasi metode penambalan kesalahan pada sistem firmware OBDH satelit LAPAN-A3/IPB yang bertujuan untuk menjaga agar sistem tetap bekerja dengan baik. Verifikasi awal melalui pengujian telah berhasil dilakukan mengunakan engineering model OBDH dan modul hardware in the loop simulators (HWIL). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, implementasi pada satelit juga telah sukses dilakukan.

scholarly journals Forage intake processes by goats on a massai grass pasture with different sward heights

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4339
Author(s):  
Marcônio Martins Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Elizabete Oliveira ◽  
Tânia Maria Leal ◽  
Raniel Lustosa Moura ◽  
Daniel Louçana da Costa Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Intake Process ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Intake

The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage-intake process of goats feeding on Massai grass pastures with different heights (40, 50, 60, and 70 cm). The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments corresponding to four sward heights with two replicates over time and space. Collected data were related to the forage-intake process and the chemical and morphological composition of the pasture. Grazing trials (45 min) were performed with four Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats. Total forage mass intake, bite mass, and intake rate were expressed in relation to animal weight. Pasture density, forage mass, and leaf blade increased as forage height increased. The chemical composition of forage at the evaluated heights was similar, except for reduced crude protein content at 70-cm height. Bite rate, intake rate, and time per bite had a quadratic relationship with increasing sward height. The greatest intake rate was observed at 54.7 cm of height, with 0.136 g DM min-1 kg-1 LW. Bite rate exhibited a linear and positive correlation with increase in intake. At the 50-cm height, goats harvested a mass of 3.65 g DM bite-1 kg-1 LW, when they performed 34.5 bites per minute. Adult goats had a greater forage intake on 50-cm high Massai grass pastures because they could obtain a greater bite mass in a shorter time per bite.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN STANDAR INTEGRASI SISTEM JAMINAN HALAL DAN CARA PEMBUATAN OBAT YANG BAIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Alif Ulfa Afifah ◽  
Dradjad Irianto
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
Assurance System ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Standard Arrangement

ABSTRAK                                                                            Salah satu produk gunaan yang masih kritis mengenai jaminan halalnya di Indonesia adalah produk farmasi dan obat. Data menunjukkan bahwa obat yang telah tersertifikasi BPOM baru 13,41% yang sudah tersertifikasi halal. Sedangkan target pemerintah Indonesia mulai tahun 2019 produk gunaan halal yang beredar di Indonesia wajib bersertifikat halal, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sebuah standar yang terdiri dari Sistem Jaminan Halal dan Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik. Penelitian ini menyusun sebuah standar yang mengintegrasika Sistem Jaminan Halal (SJH) dan Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik (CPOB) untuk membantu industri farmasi dalam mengimplementasikan kedua sistem tersebut, mengurangi redundansi dokumen dan mengefisienkan interaksi semua departemen terkait. Mengacu pada struktur ISO (International Organization of Standardization) bahwa struktur pembentukan sebuah standar adalah PDCA (Plan, Do, Check dan Act), maka penyusunan standar pada penelitian ini juga mempunyai struktur yang sama. Proses integrasi Sistem Jaminan Halal (SJH) dan Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik (CPOB) melalui proses analisis struktur kedua buah sistem, lalu dianalisis masing-masing klausul dan sub klausul untuk mencari kesamaan yang dapat diintegrasikan menjadikan sebuah sistem yang terintegrasi yaitu Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik dan Halal (CPOBH). 11 Klausul pembentuk Sistem Jaminan Halal (SJH) dan 12 Klausul Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik (CPOB) diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan strukturnya. Setelah proses pengintegrasian didapatkan 15 klausul di CPOBH. Beberapa klausul tambahan maupun pengganti dalam sistem yang sudah terintegrasi tidak merubah makna atau tujuan dari kedua sistem yang diterapkan.   Kata kunci: Sistem Manajemen Terintegrasi, CPOB, Sistem Jaminan Halal   ABSTRACT One product that is still critical of its legal guarantee in Indonesia is pharmaceutical and medicinal products. Data shows that medicines that have been BPOM certified only 13,41% are halal certified. While the Indonesian government's start in 2019 for halal use products circulating in Indonesia must be halal certified, therefore a standard is needed which consists of a Halal Assurance System and  The Proper Way to Produce a Good Quality Medicine. This study sets out a standard that integrates the Halal Assurance System (SJH) and the Proper Way to Produce a Good Quality Medicine (CPOB) to assist the pharmaceutical industry in implementing both systems, reducing document redundancy and streamlining the interaction of all relevant departments. Referring to the ISO (International Organization of Standardization) structure that the structure of the formation of a standard is PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Act), then the standard arrangement in this study also has the same structure. The integration process of the Halal Assurance System (SJH) and the Proper Way to Produce a Good Quality Medicine (CPOB) through the process of analyzing the structure of the two systems, then analyzed each clause and sub-clause to look for similarities that can be integrated into an integrated system, namely the the Proper Way to Produce a Good Quality and Halal Medicine (CPOBH). 11 Clauses forming the Halal Assurance System (SJH) and 12 the Proper Way to Produce a Good Quality (CPOB) are classified according to their structure. After the integration process was obtained 15 clauses at CPOBH. Some additional clauses and substitutes in an integrated system do not change the meaning or purpose of the two systems applied.   Keywords: Integrated Management System, CPOB, Halal Assurance System

Sward height determines pasture production and animal performance in a long-term soybean-beef cattle integrated system

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 102716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taise Robinson Kunrath ◽  
Pedro Arthur de Albuquerque Nunes ◽  
William de Souza Filho ◽  
Mónica Cadenazzi ◽  
Carolina Bremm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Sward Height

scholarly journals Evaluation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as a Tool to Predict Biomass and Carbon of Tectona grandis in Silvopastoral Systems (SPS) in Costa Rica

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Javier Hernández-Cole ◽  
Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi ◽  
Roger Moya ◽  
Olmán Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in estimating the aboveground biomass and carbon, and the dasometric characteristics at three different spacings (2.5 m × 1.0 m, 2.5 m × 2.0 m and 2.5 m × 3.0 m) in a silvopastoral system (SPS) for the biomass production of Tectona grandis. A total of 90 trees were sampled, 63 of which were used to perform a dasometric evaluation (vertical and horizontal) in a spacing test in an SPS, and the rest to evaluate the use of UAVs in estimating the aboveground biomass in the spacing test. The results showed significant differences in average diameter at breast height (dbh) between spacings, and in aboveground biomass per tree. The amount of aboveground biomass and carbon per hectare increases at smaller spacings, but the differences were not statistically significant. A logarithmic model was prepared to estimate the dbh based on the crown diameter from the data collected taken in the field, since estimating this variable by means of UAVs is difficult. Significant differences were found in the aboveground biomass estimated using the field data compared to UAV data. The estimation of the crown diameter of the selected trees, hindered by the canopy closure in the SPS, was not adequate, which could influence the amount of aboveground biomass estimated using UAV data.

scholarly journals Reference standards for soils cultivated with Urochloa brizantha and its use in nutritional diagnosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1728-1735
Author(s):  
André Cayô Cavalcanti ◽  
Fábio Luiz Partelli ◽  
Ivoney Gontijo ◽  
Julien Chiquieri ◽  
Heder Braun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
The North ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Cu And Zn

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) is a tool to assess the nutritional state of plants. Due to the decrease of soil fertility in pasture areas and little information about fertilization recommendations, the nutritional reference norms for soil and sufficiency range can be useful tools to help future fertilization. Norms DRIS has been proved efficient as a method for nutritional diagnosis in several crops. However, there are a lack of information on the use of DRIS and sufficiency range for Latosols and Acrisols cultivated with Urochloa brizantha. Thus, the objective of the present study was to establish reference nutritional norms using sufficiency ranges and DRIS norms for Latosols and Acrisols cultivated with Urochloa brizantha and their use in nutritional diagnosis. Soils samples from 20 Urochloa brizantha pastures sites of the North of Espírito Santo State were used to establish the reference norms, and a further 85 soils samples were randomly collected for diagnosis analysis, in order to characterize nutritional condition of pastures. DRIS norms and sufficiency ranges were established for Latosols and Acrisols cultivated with U. brizantha pastures. The differences found between soil norms for other Brazilian regions allow us to infer that the norms should be used only in the conditions in which they were developed. Our results suggest that using DRIS norms and sufficiency ranges developed on the basis of soil analysis revealed deficiency of P, B, Cu, and Zn in more than 40% of the pastures cultivated with U. brizantha and 47% of the areas needed liming.

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