scholarly journals The Oral history jako szczególny rodzaj dialogu. Etyczne aspekty nagrań ze świadkami historii.

Etyka ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maciag
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bear Witness

Understanding the role that a researcher recording oral history biographical testimonies performs during a conversation (who they become to the narrator, and what boundaries and ethics they need), are a condition of a well-done recording. Due to specifics of the XX century history, the oralists often deal with people whose lives have been marked by some kind of trauma A social order to remember the past means an order to bear witness to the tragic or traumatic experiences. This is a difficult task not only for the narrator but also for the researcher, who are usually not psychologists but sociologists, historians or anthropologists. In the article, the author confronts the theory regulating the ethics of oral histor recordings with empirical research.

EUROPEAN SOCIAL ORDER IN THE FACE OF CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL CRISIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
Jerzy BESTRY
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

The world is on the eve of change. Current economic recession surprisingly resembles the ”Great Depression” of 1929. The time will show whether the global society has drawn conclusions from the traumatic experiences of the last century. Historia magistra vitae est. In this article, the author makes a prediction concerning European social order based on the analysis of present-day socio-economic events and the circumstances preceding both the current economic crisis and the past one.

scholarly journals From Silence to Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 4-27
Author(s):  
Kirsi Maria Laurén
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Approach

A paramilitary forces of Soviet partisans attacked villages and remote houses in the Finnish eastern borderlands during the Continuation War 1941–1944. They burned the houses, stole food and cattle, and killed women, children and elderly people. After the war, the actions of Soviet partisans against civilians were not discussed openly and extensively in public before the late 1990s. The long period of silence slew down or prevent the recovery from traumatic experiences. However, the villagers found their ways to remember and tell about the past events. This article discusses the personal narratives of those violent and traumatic events and the process of recovering from the consequent crisis after 70 years afterwards. The narratives are told by civilians who have had personal experiences of the actions of Soviet partisans, or who have heard about them since childhood. The research is based on an oral history approach and seek to explore how the individuals interpret the meanings of fearful and traumatic memories in their narratives, and how they think these memories have influenced them. The article points out the role of remembering and narrating in the subjective and social process of recovering from painful and traumatic experiences. 

Power, Ideology and Resources within Families: A Theoretical Context for Empirical Research on Sleep

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pahl
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this article is to outline and discuss theoretical approaches to the study of family life and to make suggestions about how these approaches might apply in planning and carrying out empirical research on sleep. It argues that, while theories about power and gender can inform research on sleep, the findings from research on sleep will help to extend and enrich theoretical approaches to family life and the social order. The article is concerned especially with gendered power relations and with ‘sharing sleep’. It draws on Morgan's sociological analysis of family life, and on the distinction he makes between the political economy, the moral economy and the emotional economy. It uses research findings on the allocation of money and on domestic violence to examine different theoretical approaches and to consider how these theories might be used in research on sleep. In the past many of the battles which rage within bedrooms were individualised as ‘her’ or ‘his’ fault. Applying sociological understanding and theoretical approaches may enable some of these individual and very private troubles to be seen as more general issues, while making a contribution to the new sociology of sleep.

scholarly journals Trauma, memory, testimony: phenomenological, psychological, and ethical perspectives

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 104-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Welz
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trauma Memory ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
Ethical Perspectives

How can severely traumatized persons re-present the past and its impact on the present if (due to blackout, repression, or dissociation) they could not witness what they went through, or can hardly recall it? Drawing on Holocaust testimonies, this article explores the crisis of witnessing constituted by the Shoah and, more generally, problems of integrating and communicating traumatic experiences. Phenomenological, psychological, and ethical perspectives contribute to a systematic investigation of the relation between trauma, memory and testimony. I will argue that preserving personal continuity across the gap between past and present presupposes not only an ‘inner witness’ – which can, according to a long philosophical tradition, be identified with a person’s conscience – but also a social context in which one is addressed and can respond. An attentive listener can bear witness to the witness by accepting the assignation of responsibility implied in testimonial interaction, and thereby support the dialogic restitution of memory and identity. 

scholarly journals „Wspomnienia” Nadieżdy Mandelsztam jako forma reprezentacji pamięci

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Aurelia Kotkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Devices ◽  
Bear Witness

Nadezhda Mandelstam’s Hope against Hope: A Memoir as a form of representation of memoryNadezhda Mandelstam’s Hope Against Hope: a Memoir must be regarded as one of the most important accounts of the gradual subjugation of Russian literature in Stalin’s Soviet Union. The purpose of my article is to examine the literary devices employed by the author in her attempt to describe her traumatic experiences, as well as the strategies she uses in order to ‘tame the past’ at a more personal, generational, and historical plan concerning such experiences as loneliness, entrapment, solitude, homelessness, suffering, fear, and death. Her memoir enables her to relieve the trauma caused by the tragic fate of her husband, the poet Osip Mandelstam, as well as to recreate the final years of his life and work. In a broader context, the book offers thoughts and insights into the moral state of humanity. Together with such novels as Vasily Grossman’s Everything Flows…, Lydia Chukovskaya’s Sofia Petrovna, and Anna Akhmatova’s Requiem, Nadezhda Mandelstam’s writings are a shattering account of life in a totalitarian regime, marked by an ideologically driven process of distorting and erasing memory. She identified creative process not only with the struggle to keep her husband’s name alive but also with a moral obligation to bear witness to the inhumanity of her time.Воспоминания Надежды Мандельштам как форма репрезентации памятиВоспоминания Надежды Мандель­штам — это одно из самых выдающихся свидетельств процесса порабощения русской литера­туры в период сталинского террора. Целью статьи является анализ механизмов репрезентации личного травматического опыта Надежды Мандельштам, а также применяемых стратегий ос­ваивания прошлого в личном, общественном и историческом контекстах одиночество, от­чужденность, бездомность, страдание, страх, смерть. Рядом с такими произведениями как Все течет... Василия Гроссмана, Софья Петровна Лидии Чуковской, Реквием Анны Ахматовой, Воспоминания Надежды Мандельштам являются потрясающей записью гибели русской интел­лигенции, а также идеологически управляемого процесса искажения и стирания памяти о про­шлом. Творческий процесс Надежда Мандельштам отождествляет с борьбой за память о поэте Осипе Мандельштаме, его поэтическом наследии, но также с моральной ответсвенностью дать свидетельство времени.

Line on Fire

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Happymon Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
The Past

The India–Pakistan border in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) has witnessed repeated ceasefire violations (CFVs) over the past decade. Indeed, with relations between India and Pakistan degrading, CFVs have gone up exponentially. These CFVs have the potential to not only begin a crisis but also escalate an ongoing one. To make things worse, in the event of major violations, political leadership on either side often engage in high-pitched rhetoric some of which even have nuclear undertones. Using fresh empirical data and oral history evidence, this book explains the causes of CFVs on the J&K border and establishes a relationship between CFVs and crisis escalation between India and Pakistan. In doing so, the book further nuances the existing arguments about the escalatory dynamics between the two South Asian nuclear rivals. Furthermore, the book explains ceasefire violations using the concept of ‘autonomous military factors’.

Facilitating Injustice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoosun Park
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Mass Removal ◽  
Professional Obligations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Charity ◽  
Political Alliances ◽  
Major Shift

Social workers were involved in all aspects of the removal, incarceration, and resettlement of the Nikkei, a history that has been forgotten by social work. This study is an effort to address this lacuna. Social work equivocated. While it did not fully endorse mass removal and incarceration, neither did it protest, oppose, or explicitly critique government actions. The past should not be judged by today’s standards; the actions and motivations described here occurred in a period rife with fear and propaganda. Undergoing a major shift from its private charity roots into its public sector future, social work bounded with the rest of society into “a patriotic fervor.” While policies of a government at war, intractable bureaucratic structures, tangled political alliances, and complex professional obligations all may have mandated compliance, it is, nevertheless, difficult to deny that social work and social workers were also willing participants in the events, informed about and aware of the implications of that compliance. In social work’s unwillingness to take a resolute stand against removal and incarceration, the well-intentioned profession, doing its conscious best to do good, enforced the existing social order and did its level best to keep the Nikkei from disrupting it.

The theater of memory: Direct speech in Palestinian oral history

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-648
Author(s):  
Kobi Peled
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Significant Figures ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Do So

A striking feature of Palestinian oral history projects is the extensive use that interviewees make of direct speech to communicate their memories—especially those born before the 1948 Arab–Israeli war. They do so irrespective of whether or not they participated in or actually heard the dialogues they wish to convey. This article seeks to characterize and explain this phenomenon. In the interviews conducted by the author—an Arabic-speaking Jew—as well as in other projects, this mode of speech is marked by ease of transition from character to character and between different points in time. It clearly gives pleasure to those engaged in the act of remembering, and it grades readily into a theatrical performance in which tone of speech and the quality of the acting become the main thing. This form of discourse sprang up from the soil of a rural oral culture and still flourishes as a prop for supporting memory, a vessel for collecting and disseminating stories, and a technique for expressing identification with significant figures from the past.

Advancing Reproductive Rights through Legal Reform: The Example of Abortion Clinic Safe Access Zones

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronli Sifris ◽  
Tania Penovic ◽  
Caroline Henckels
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
Medical Abortion ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
High Court ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Abortion Clinic ◽  
Safe Access

The past two decades have seen significant reforms in abortion law throughout Australia. From the perspective of advancing women’s reproductive rights, the most significant abortion law reforms have been the decriminalisation of abortion, removal of impediments to accessing medical abortion, the imposition of an ‘obligation to refer’ on medical practitioners with a conscientious objection to abortion, and the introduction of safe access zones around abortion clinics. This article focuses on the introduction of safe access zones as a key legal reform that has been implemented across Australia to support and promote women’s reproductive rights, drawing on empirical research conducted by the first and second authors and discussing this research in the context of the recent High Court decision confirming the constitutionality of safe access zones.

Socialist Modernisation in Mongolia as Narrated after Socialism

Inner Asia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Konagaya
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
View Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
History Narratives

AbstractIn this article I introduce our collection of oral histories composed of life histories recorded between 2001 and 2006. First, I discuss some devices implemented in the process of collecting life histories, which was to make oral histories 'polyphonic'. I then suggest that oral history always has a 'dual' tense, in that people talk about 'the past' from the view point of 'the present'. This is illustrated by six cases of statesmen narrating their views about socialist modernisation. Finally, using one of the cases, I demonstrate the co-existence of non-official or private opinions along with official opinions about the socialist period in life-history narratives in the post-socialist period. I call this 'ex-post value'.

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