scholarly journals Trauma, memory, testimony: phenomenological, psychological, and ethical perspectives

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 104-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Welz

How can severely traumatized persons re-present the past and its impact on the present if (due to blackout, repression, or dissociation) they could not witness what they went through, or can hardly recall it? Drawing on Holocaust testimonies, this article explores the crisis of witnessing constituted by the Shoah and, more generally, problems of integrating and communicating traumatic experiences. Phenomenological, psychological, and ethical perspectives contribute to a systematic investigation of the relation between trauma, memory and testimony. I will argue that preserving personal continuity across the gap between past and present presupposes not only an ‘inner witness’ – which can, according to a long philosophical tradition, be identified with a person’s conscience – but also a social context in which one is addressed and can respond. An attentive listener can bear witness to the witness by accepting the assignation of responsibility implied in testimonial interaction, and thereby support the dialogic restitution of memory and identity. 

Etyka ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maciag

Understanding the role that a researcher recording oral history biographical testimonies performs during a conversation (who they become to the narrator, and what boundaries and ethics they need), are a condition of a well-done recording. Due to specifics of the XX century history, the oralists often deal with people whose lives have been marked by some kind of trauma A social order to remember the past means an order to bear witness to the tragic or traumatic experiences. This is a difficult task not only for the narrator but also for the researcher, who are usually not psychologists but sociologists, historians or anthropologists. In the article, the author confronts the theory regulating the ethics of oral histor recordings with empirical research.


2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Cantarella

This article focuses on the sexual abuse of females in families within a social context, as a social phenomenon which involves more families than we knew about or believed existed in the past, a phenomenon also involving ‘ordinary’ families we meet in everyday life and which is one aspect of the violence of the world in which we live. Problems arising from alterations in conscience of the victim and for the therapist in recognizing non-verbal communication are examined before the author identifies causes of feelings of self-guilt in the therapist. The therapeutic effectiveness of group resonance is demonstrated in a clinical case study, also showing how group therapy can help a victim of sexual abuse to work through past traumatic experiences.


Author(s):  
Marta Sequeira

Le Corbusier was a Swiss architect and urbanist who acquired French nationality in 1930, having set up his studio ("the atelier for patient research") in that country. Just as he assumed an unconditional continuity in relation to the past, he also clearly confronted the circumstances of his time. Many of his works became icons of Modernism, like the Villa Savoye (1928), the Marseilles Housing Unit (1945), the Ronchamp Chapel (1950), the Convent of Sainte-Marie de la Tourette (1953) and the Chandigarh Capitol Complex (1950–1955), to mention just a few examples. His architecture reflected the development of a modern industrialized economy, a Western avant-garde culture and a vibrant political and social context. He made a mark not only with his constructed work, but also with designs that were never built (and which were progressive in character), his painting (which reflected his experimentalist nature) and with his theoretical texts, which today bear witness to his modernist doctrine. Le Corbusier was above all one of the most prolific thinkers of Modernism, and one of the greatest cultural figures of the 20th century.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Aurelia Kotkiewicz

Nadezhda Mandelstam’s Hope against Hope: A Memoir as a form of representation of memoryNadezhda Mandelstam’s Hope Against Hope: a Memoir must be regarded as one of the most important accounts of the gradual subjugation of Russian literature in Stalin’s Soviet Union. The purpose of my article is to examine the literary devices employed by the author in her attempt to describe her traumatic experiences, as well as the strategies she uses in order to ‘tame the past’ at a more personal, generational, and historical plan concerning such experiences as loneliness, entrapment, solitude, homelessness, suffering, fear, and death. Her memoir enables her to relieve the trauma caused by the tragic fate of her husband, the poet Osip Mandelstam, as well as to recreate the final years of his life and work. In a broader context, the book offers thoughts and insights into the moral state of humanity. Together with such novels as Vasily Grossman’s Everything Flows…, Lydia Chukovskaya’s Sofia Petrovna, and Anna Akhmatova’s Requiem, Nadezhda Mandelstam’s writings are a shattering account of life in a totalitarian regime, marked by an ideologically driven process of distorting and erasing memory. She identified creative process not only with the struggle to keep her husband’s name alive but also with a moral obligation to bear witness to the inhumanity of her time.Воспоминания Надежды Мандельштам как форма репрезентации памятиВоспоминания Надежды Мандель­штам — это одно из самых выдающихся свидетельств процесса порабощения русской литера­туры в период сталинского террора. Целью статьи является анализ механизмов репрезентации личного травматического опыта Надежды Мандельштам, а также применяемых стратегий ос­ваивания прошлого в личном, общественном и историческом контекстах одиночество, от­чужденность, бездомность, страдание, страх, смерть. Рядом с такими произведениями как Все течет... Василия Гроссмана, Софья Петровна Лидии Чуковской, Реквием Анны Ахматовой, Воспоминания Надежды Мандельштам являются потрясающей записью гибели русской интел­лигенции, а также идеологически управляемого процесса искажения и стирания памяти о про­шлом. Творческий процесс Надежда Мандельштам отождествляет с борьбой за память о поэте Осипе Мандельштаме, его поэтическом наследии, но также с моральной ответсвенностью дать свидетельство времени.


Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).


1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Schilling-Estes

ABSTRACTThis article examines PERFORMANCE SPEECH in the historically isolated island community of Ocracoke, North Carolina. Over the past several decades islanders have come into increasingly frequent contact with tourists and new residents, who often comment on the island's “quaint” relic dialect. In response, some Ocracokers have developed performance phrases that highlight island features, particularly the pronunciation of/ay/ with a raised/backed nucleus, i.e. [Λ-1]. The analysis of/ay/ in the performance and non-performance speech of a representative Ocracoke speaker yields several important insights for the study of language in its social context. First, performance speech may display more regular patterning than has traditionally been assumed. Second, it lends insight into speaker perception of language features. Finally, the incorporation of performance speech into the variationist-based study of style-shifting offers support for the growing belief that style-shifting may be primarily proactive rather than reactive. (Keywords: Ocracoke, performance speech, style-shifting, stylistic variation, register, self-conscious speech.)


2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Stefan Gärtner

The climate in German Catholic pastoral care of youth with regards to sex education is in a sorry plight. This is due to the fact that the conflicts of the past are still very much alive. At the same time, however, there is a positive potential for development in this field of pastoral care of youth. This is especially significant, because friendship and sexuality are such important themes for children and young people. Indeed, pastoral care of youth will have to take into account their special life situation and the changed social context. Individualised, postmodern society offers a large number of sexual options. Against this background, we will end by outlining some fundamental perspectives for sex educational concepts in pastoral care of youth, in which teaching them to love and the ability to form relationships is central.


Author(s):  
Massimiliano Aragona

AbstractThe way somatization is expressed—including the actual somatoform symptoms experienced—varies in different persons and in different cultures. Traumatic experiences are intertwined with cultural and social values in shaping the resulting psychopathological phenomena, including bodily experiences. Four ideal-typical cases are presented to show the different levels involved. The effects of trauma, culture and values may be pathofacilitating (creating a social context which is necessary for the experience to take place), pathogenetic (taking a causal role in the onset of the psychopathological reaction), pathoplastic (shaping the form such a psychopathological reaction takes) or pathointerpretive (different interpretation of the same symptoms depending on the patient’s beliefs). While the roles of trauma and culture were already well recognized in previous accounts, this chapter adds an exploration of the importance of values, including cultural values, in the aetiology, presentation and management of somatization disorders. As a consequence, the therapeutic approach has to be adjusted depending on the way these factors intervene in the patient’s construction of mental distress.


Politeja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2(65)) ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marcol

The Role of Language in Releasing from Inherited Traumas. Negotiations of the Social Position of the Silesian Minority in Serbian Banat The aim of the paper is to show the dependence between language, collective memory (also post-memory) and sense of identity. This issue is analysed using the example of an ethnic minority living in the village of Ostojićevo (Banat, Serbia) called ‘Toutowie.’ Their ancestors came in the 19th century from Wisła (Silesian Cieszyn, Poland); they left their homes because of great hunger and were looking for jobs in Banat. Narratives about the past contain traumatic experiences of the past generations transmitted in the Silesian dialect and constituting communicative memory. At the same time, a new Polish national identity is being constructed, supported by institutions and authorities; it carries a new image of the world and creates a new cultural memory. This new identity – shaped on the basis of national categories – leads to changes of its self-identification and gives the opportunity to raise its social position in the multi-ethnic Banat community.


Temida ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic

This paper aims to present German experiences in documenting the crimes of the past using Berlin as a case study. The first part provides a brief overview of the history and the broader social context in which the process of dealing with the past took place in Germany in general, and in Berlin in particular, as well as the most important characteristics of data on crimes that were presented to the public. The second part provides an overview and analysis of the data presented in two memorials: the Topography of Terror and the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. These two memorials are examples of presenting information about war crimes that can be considered as fairly inclusive, thus the goal of their presentation is to highlight the potential that these approaches may have in creating a social memory and the overall attitude of society toward the past. The findings presented in this paper are the result of the research carried out by the author in Berlin in June 2011.


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