Profiles of behavioral inhibition and anxiety symptoms during the preschool years

Behavioral inhibition (BI) during the preschool years can be defined as a biologically-based wariness when exposed to novel people, situations and activities, and has been associated with an increased risk of developing anxiety symptoms. Although BI is not a unitary concept, to date, few studies aimed to characterize different subgroups of children, using multidimensional parental measures, and compare them in terms of anxiety symptoms. This study aimed to identify different profiles of children with BI and explore potential differences concerning anxiety symptoms. One hundred and eight mothers of children with a mean age of 54 months completed the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire and the Preschool Anxiety Scale. Two profiles of children were identified: children with high and medium levels of BI. Children with high levels of BI displayed more generalized anxiety, social anxiety and physical injury fears symptoms than children with average BI levels. These differences were of greater magnitude for social anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of early intervention with children who display high levels of BI as early as the preschool years.

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Interactions between Internalizing Symptoms and Urgency in the Prediction of Alcohol Use and Expectancies among Low-Income, Minority Early Adolescents

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment ◽

10.4137/sart.s31438 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9s1 ◽

pp. SART.S31438

Author(s):

Naomi R. Marmorstein

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Early Adolescents ◽

Alcohol Expectancies ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Over Time

This study examined whether urgency, a disposition to rash action under conditions of strong emotion, moderates associations between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use and related expectancies. Data from the Camden Youth Development Study, a longitudinal, community-based study of early adolescents ( N = 144, mean age at intake = 11.9 years; 65% Hispanic, 30% African-American; 50% male), were used. Self-report questionnaire measures of depressive symptoms, social and generalized anxiety symptoms, urgency, alcohol use, and alcohol expectancies were used. Mixed models were used to examine the effects of internalizing symptoms, urgency, and their interaction on alcohol use and expectancy trajectories over time. Depressive symptoms interacted with urgency such that youth with high levels of both tended to have elevated levels of global positive alcohol expectancies. Social anxiety symptoms interacted with urgency to be associated with increasing levels of social behavior alcohol expectancies such that youth with high levels of both tended to experience particular increases in these expectancies over time. Generalized anxiety was not found to be associated with alcohol-related constructs. Therefore, high levels of urgency combine with depressive and social anxiety symptoms to be associated with particularly increased risk for alcohol expectancies that are associated with later alcohol use and problems, indicating particular risk for youth with these combinations of personality traits and psychopathology symptoms.

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S8. Influence of Behavioral Inhibition and EEG Resting State on Social Anxiety Symptoms

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.899 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. S349-S350

Author(s):

Anita Harrewijn ◽

George A. Buzzell ◽

Ranjan Debnath ◽

Daniel S. Pine ◽

Nathan A. Fox

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Resting State ◽

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Anxiety Symptoms

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Infant Attachment Security and Early Childhood Behavioral Inhibition Interact to Predict Adolescent Social Anxiety Symptoms

Child Development ◽

10.1111/cdev.12336 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 598-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Erin Lewis-Morrarty ◽

Kathryn A. Degnan ◽

Andrea Chronis-Tuscano ◽

Daniel S. Pine ◽

Heather A. Henderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Attachment Security ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Infant Attachment

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Children of Few Words: Relations Among Selective Mutism, Behavioral Inhibition, and (Social) Anxiety Symptoms in 3- to 6-Year-Olds

Child Psychiatry & Human Development ◽

10.1007/s10578-015-0547-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 94-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Peter Muris ◽

Eline Hendriks ◽

Suili Bot

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Selective Mutism ◽

Anxiety Symptoms

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Increases in depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720005358 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mariah T. Hawes ◽

Aline K. Szenczy ◽

Daniel N. Klein ◽

Greg Hajcak ◽

Brady D. Nelson

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Young Adults ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

The U.S

Abstract Background The coronavirus [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] pandemic has introduced extraordinary life changes and stress, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Initial reports suggest that depression and anxiety are elevated during COVID-19, but no prior study has explored changes at the within-person level. The current study explored changes in depression and anxiety symptoms from before the pandemic to soon after it first peaked in Spring 2020 in a sample of adolescents and young adults (N = 451) living in Long Island, New York, an early epicenter of COVID-19 in the U.S. Methods Depression (Children's Depression Inventory) and anxiety symptoms (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Symptoms) were assessed between December 2014 and July 2019, and, along with COVID-19 experiences, symptoms were re-assessed between March 27th and May 15th, 2020. Results Across participants and independent of age, there were increased generalized anxiety and social anxiety symptoms. In females, there were also increased depression and panic/somatic symptoms. Multivariable linear regression indicated that greater COVID-19 school concerns were uniquely associated with increased depression symptoms. Greater COVID-19 home confinement concerns were uniquely associated with increased generalized anxiety symptoms, and decreased social anxiety symptoms, respectively. Conclusions Adolescents and young adults at an early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. experienced increased depression and anxiety symptoms, particularly amongst females. School and home confinement concerns related to the pandemic were independently associated with changes in symptoms. Overall, this report suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic is having multifarious adverse effects on the mental health of youth.

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Consequences of not planning ahead: Reduced proactive control moderates longitudinal relations between behavioral inhibition and anxiety

10.31234/osf.io/j3w27 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sonya V. Troller-Renfree ◽

George Buzzell ◽

Daniel Pine ◽

Heather Henderson ◽

Nathan A. Fox

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Strategy Use ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Continuous Performance Task ◽

Proactive Control ◽

Reactive Control ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Specific Control

Objective: Children with the temperament of Behavioral Inhibition (BI) face increased risk for developing an anxiety disorder later in life. However, not all children with BI manifest anxiety symptoms, and cognitive-control-strategy use may moderate the pathway between BI and anxiety. Individuals vary widely in the strategy used to instantiate control; the present study examined whether a more planful style of cognitive control (i.e. proactive control) or a more impulsive strategy of control (i.e. reactive control) moderates the association between early BI and later anxiety symptoms.Method: Participants were part of a longitudinal study examining the relations between BI (measured at 2-3 years) and later anxiety symptoms (measured at 13 years). Cognitive control strategy use was assessed at age 13 using the AX variant of the Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT).Results: BI in toddlerhood significantly predicted increased use of a more reactive cognitive control style in adolescence. Additionally, cognitive control strategy moderated the relation between BI and anxious symptoms, such that reliance on a more reactive strategy predicted higher levels of anxiety for children high in BI.Conclusion: The present study is the first to identify the specific control strategy that increases risk for anxiety. Thus, is it not cognitive control per se, but the specific control strategy children adopt that may increase risk for anxiety later in life. These findings have important implications for future evidence-based interventions given that they suggest an emphasis reducing reactive cognitive control and increasing proactive cognitive control may reduce anxious cognition.

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Evaluation of a commercial mobile health app for depression and anxiety: A retrospective cohort study of AbleTo Digital+ users (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.27570 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Margaret T Anton ◽

Heidi Mochari-Greenberger ◽

Evie Andreopoulos ◽

Reena L Pande

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Real World ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Depression And Anxiety

BACKGROUND Digital solutions, such as web-based and mobile interventions, have the potential to streamline pathways to mental health services and improve access to mental health care. Although there are a growing number of randomized trials establishing the efficacy of digital interventions for common mental health problems, less is known about the real world impact of these tools. AbleTo Digital+, a commercially available mental health application for depression and anxiety, offers a unique opportunity to understand the clinical impact of such tools delivered in real world contexts. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to examine the magnitude of change in depression and anxiety symptoms among individuals who used AbleTo Digital+ programs, as well as to evaluate Digital+ module completion and use of 1:1 coaching. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed previously collected and permanently de-identified data from a consecutive cohort of 1,896 adults who initiated use in one of the three Digital+ eight-module programs (Depression, Generalized Anxiety, or Social Anxiety) between January 1 and June 30, 2020. Depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms were assessed within each program using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) respectively. Linear mixed effects models were built to assess the association between module completion and symptom change among users who completed at least four modules and had at least mild baseline symptom elevations, controlling for age, gender, and baseline symptom severity. Digital+ use, including module completion, 1:1 coaching calls, and in-app coach messaging were also evaluated. RESULTS Large effects were observed among Depression (d=1.5), Generalized Anxiety (d=1.2), and Social Anxiety (d=1.0) program participants who completed at least four modules and had mild baseline elevations (n=470). Associations between module completion and change in depression (????=-1.2; P<.001), generalized anxiety (????=-1.1; P<.001), and social anxiety (????=-2.4; P<.0001) symptom scores retained significance with covariate adjustment. Participants completed an average of 2.6 (SD=2.7) modules. The average total length of app use was 7.5 weeks (SD=11.9). Approximately two-thirds of users engaged in 1:1 coaching calls (66.8%) or in-app text messaging (66.10%). Participants who completed at least four modules participated in significantly more coaching calls per module (M=1.1; SD=0.7)than users who completed fewer than four modules (M=1.0; SD=1.2; t=-2.1, P=.03). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that AbleTo Digital+ users experienced significant reductions in depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms over the course of the program.

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Kecemasan Anak Korban Bullying : Efektifitas Terapi Menulis Ekspresif Menurunkan Kecemasan

Psychopolytan : Jurnal Psikologi ◽

10.36341/psi.v4i1.1307 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Salmiyati . ◽

Wiwik Sulistyaningsih ◽

Eka Ervika

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Separation Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Physical Injury ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Children’S Anxiety ◽

Spence Children’S Anxiety Scale

Salah salah satu dampak psikologis bullying bagi anak, adalah munculnya kecemasan. Intensitas kecemasan akan terlihat dari reaksi fisik, emosi, kognitif serta perilaku anak. Pada penelitian ini, terapi menulis ekspresif digunakan sebagai intervensi untuk menurunkan kecemasan anak korban bullying. Kecemasan diukur menggunakan modifikasi skala Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) meliputi area kecemasan, separation anxiety, general anxiety, social anxiety, panic/agoraphobia, obsessive compulsive dan fear of physical injury. Responden penelitian, 2 orang laki-laki dan 6 orang perempuan dengan rentang usia 9-12 tahun. Ada 2 kelompok (ekperimen dan kontrol) dengan setiap kelompok terdiri dari 4 orang anak. Uji Mann Whitney, memperlihatkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kecemasan antara kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol (r = 0.72 ; p > 0.05). Selanjutnya pada kelompok eksperimen dilakukan uji wilcoxon, didapat hasil bahwa terapi menulis ekspresif tidak efektif menurunkan kecemasan anak korban bullying (r = -0.13 ; p > 0.05). Beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan kondisi tersebut terjadi diantaranya, responden belum memperoleh insight dari terapi yang dilaksanakan, tidak terpenuhinya karakteristik terapi menulis ekspresif, bullying masih terjadi, rentang pelaksanaan menulis dan individual karakteristik. Akan tetapi, temuan lain yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah terapi menulis ekspresif mampu menjadi media katarsis bagi responden.

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