scholarly journals Use of plant-derived products to control household and structural arthropod pests

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ruparao Gahukar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Integrated Strategies ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
Contact Poison ◽  
Dose Dependent

Plant extracts in water or chemical solvents; crude oil, essential oils and other allelochemicals of several plant species were tested at the laboratory as contact poison and/or fumigant. Most of them acted as repellent to insects and mites. Toxicity effect was dose-dependent and varied as per plant species and organism tested. In some instances, plant-derived products causing mortality were less effective than synthetic pesticides. However, considering possible environmental contamination of synthetics and the eventual toxicity to non-target organisms, plant-derived products against household and structural pests have been recommended by researchers. The major pest species with mode of actions of plant products and integrated strategies for effective, practical and ecofriendly pest control are discussed throughout this review.

scholarly journals Identification of a Plant Phytosterol with Toxicity against Arthropod Pests

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R.M. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Crude Plant Extract ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
Detailed Chemical ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

A crude plant extract that was toxic to spider mites in a leaf dip bioassay was subjected to detailed chemical analysis using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, The analyses revealed that the major active chemical was probably fl-sitosterol-3-glucostdc, a known phytosterol. The literature indicates that this chemical has been identified in a number of plant species and that it has been tested for utility in a number of medical therapies. It has not so far been assayed for the control of arthropod posts, the data indicate that this compound may be of use in the control of pest species, especially spider mites.

scholarly journals Insecticidal and Repellant Activities of Southeast Asia Plants towards Insect Pests: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1026-1032
Author(s):  
N.H. Albariman ◽  
S.F. Sabran ◽  
N.W. Othman ◽  
N. Ishak ◽  
A.S. Dheyab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Crops are being damaged by several plant pests. Several strategies have been developed to restrict the damage of cultivated plants by using synthetic pesticides and repellants. However, the use to control these insects is highly discouraged because of their risks on humans. Therefore, several alternatives have been developed from plant extracts to protect crops from plant pests. Accordingly, this review focuses on outlining the insecticidal and repellant activities of Southeast Asia plants towards insect pests. Several extracts of plants from Southeast Asia were investigated to explore their insecticidal and repellant activities. Azadiracha indica (neem) and Piper species were highly considered for their insecticidal and repellant activities compared to other plants. This review also addressed the investigation on extracts of other plant species that were reported to exert insecticidal and repellant activities. Most of the conducted studies have been still in the primarily stage of investigation, lacking a focus on the insecticidal and repellant spectrum and the identification of the active constituents which are responsible for the insecticidal and repellant activity.

Observations on Blood Pressure Responses to Injections of Medicinal Plant Extracts in Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
K. W. Chiu ◽  
S. W. Wong ◽  
S. K. Sham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Hypotensive Response

Aqueous extracts of plant species from different families produced dose dependent decreases in blood pressure in rat within the first minute (immediate hypotensive response) and in duration of this hypotensive response following i.v. injection, while the subsequent response could be either hypotensive or hypertensive depending on plant species. The subsequent response was not dose-related in both magnitude and duration. The immediate hypotensive response was not due to the vehicle (NaCl solution) nor the common cations present in the extracts. It represented probably a reflex response with chemicals in the plant extracts acting on the peripheral chemoreceptors, or in the pacemaker and/or cardiac tissue, leading to a decrease in heart rate and tension. The subsequent hypotensive/hypertensive response was due to the chemicals acting on targets in different parts of various body systems.

scholarly journals Insect fauna of pests and their natural enemies inhabiting sorghum-panicles in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Cryptoblabes Gnidiella ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Major Pest

AbstractSorghum panicles offer a very rich microenvironment for many insect pest species and their natural enemies. Thirty arthropod species belonging to 28 families, pertaining to 9 orders were obtained from sorghum panicles planted in Sohag Governorate, Egypt, during the 3 successive seasons of 2016–2018. Out of these species were 14 pests, 16 predators, and 3 parasitoids. Lepidopteran and hemipteran pests were the most dominant species-infested sorghum-panicles during the mature stages of the panicles. Three microlepidopteran pests, the noctuid, Eublemma (Autoba) gayneri (Roth.); the pyralid, Cryptoblabes gnidiella Millière, and the cosmopterigid, Pyroderces simplex Walsingham, were recorded as major pest species infesting sorghum panicles in Sohag Governorate. The dipteran parasitoid species, Nemorilla floralis (Fallen) (Tachinidae) emerged from the pupae of the E. gayneri and C. gnidiella, while the hymenopteran parasitoid, Brachymeria aegyptiaca (Chalcididae) was obtained from the pupae of all the studied microlepidopteran pests. Spiders, coccinellids, and Orius spp. were the dominant predators collected form panicles. Post-harvest, larvae, and pupae of lepidopteran pests, especially P. simplex recorded (147, 96, and 79 larvae) and (47, 30, and 73 pupae)/10 panicles in 2016, 2017, and 2018 seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Application of Polypodiopsida Class in Nanotechnology–Potential towards Development of More Effective Bioactive Solutions

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Irina Fierascu ◽  
Radu Claudiu Fierascu ◽  
Camelia Ungureanu ◽  
Oana Alexandra Draghiceanu ◽  
Liliana Cristina Soare
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Common Plant Species

The area of phytosynthesized nanomaterials is rapidly developing, with numerous studies being published yearly. The use of plant extracts is an alternative method to reduce the toxic potential of the nanomaterials and the interest in obtaining phytosynthesized nanoparticles is usually directed towards accessible and common plant species, ferns not being explored to their real potential in this field. The developed nanoparticles could benefit from their superior antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (compared with the nanoparticles obtained by other routes), thus proposing an important alternative against health care-associated and drug-resistant infections, as well as in other types of applications. The present review aims to summarize the explored application of ferns in nanotechnology and related areas, as well as the current bottlenecks and future perspectives, as emerging from the literature data.

Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to climate change in the forests of northeastern North America: What can we predict?This article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Dukes ◽  
Jennifer Pontius ◽  
David Orwig ◽  
Jeffrey R. Garnas ◽  
Vikki L. Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuisance Species

Climate models project that by 2100, the northeastern US and eastern Canada will warm by approximately 3–5 °C, with increased winter precipitation. These changes will affect trees directly and also indirectly through effects on “nuisance” species, such as insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plants. We review how basic ecological principles can be used to predict nuisance species’ responses to climate change and how this is likely to impact northeastern forests. We then examine in detail the potential responses of two pest species (hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand) and forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria Hubner)), two pathogens (armillaria root rot ( Armillaria spp.) and beech bark disease ( Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind. + Neonectria spp.)), and two invasive plant species (glossy buckthorn ( Frangula alnus Mill.) and oriental bittersweet ( Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.)). Several of these species are likely to have stronger or more widespread effects on forest composition and structure under the projected climate. However, uncertainty pervades our predictions because we lack adequate data on the species and because some species depend on complex, incompletely understood, unstable relationships. While targeted research will increase our confidence in making predictions, some uncertainty will always persist. Therefore, we encourage policies that allow for this uncertainty by considering a wide range of possible scenarios.

scholarly journals A DNA investigation into the mysterious disappearance of the Rocky Mountain grasshopper, mega-pest of the 1800s

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chapco ◽  
G. Litzenberger
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
History Of Agriculture ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Remarkable Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Pest

The mysterious extinction of the Rocky Mountain Grasshopper, Melanoplus spretus, a major pest species on the prairies and plains of the 1800s, is truly a remarkable event in the history of agriculture. Recently, we obtained specimens of M. spretus from museums and from 400-year-old glacial deposits in Wyoming. We report success in obtaining mitochondrial DNA sequences from both sources. This permitted us to examine two issues surrounding the species’ disappearance. First, a long-standing view that M. spretus and the extant species Melanoplus sanguinipes are (if not phase transforms of one another) sister taxa, is disputed, but cannot be rejected with certainty. Interestingly, there is some evidence that suggests there may be a closer affinity with another member of the Mexicanus species-group, Melanoplus bruneri. Second, because M. spretus still possesses considerable nucleotide diversity (1.15 ± 0.19%), a depletion of variation cannot be considered a factor contributing to its demise.

scholarly journals A Review of the Toxicity and Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Herbalists in Treating People Living With HIV/AIDS in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Anywar ◽  
E. Kakudidi ◽  
R. Byamukama ◽  
J. Mukonzo ◽  
A. Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Medicinal Plant Species ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Despite concerns about toxicity, potentially harmful effects and herb-drug interactions, the use of herbal medicines remains widely practiced by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Uganda.Objective: The objective of the paper was to comprehensively review the literature on the toxicity and chemical composition of commonly used medicinal plant species in treating PLHIV in Uganda.Methods: We reviewed relevant articles and books published over the last sixty years on ethnobotany, antiviral/anti-HIV activity, toxicity, phytochemistry of Vachellia hockii, Albizia coriaria, Bridelia micrantha, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Erythrina abyssinica, Gardenia ternifolia, Gymnosporia senegalensis, Psorospermum febrifugium, Securidaca longipendunculata, Warburgia ugandensis and Zanthoxylum chalybeum and their synonyms. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar.Discussion: Most of the plant species reviewed apart from P. febrifugium, S. longipedunculata and C. sanguinolenta lacked detailed phytochemical analyses as well as the quantification and characterization of their constituents. Crude plant extracts were the most commonly used. However, purified/single component extracts from different plant parts were also used in some studies. The U87 human glioblastoma was the most commonly used cell line. Water, ethanol, methanol and DMSO were the commonest solvents used. In some instances, isolated purified compounds/extracts such as Cryptolepine and Psorospermin were used.Conclusion: Cytotoxicity varied with cell type, solvent and extract type used making it difficult for direct comparison of the plant species. Five of the eleven plant species namely, A. coriaria, C. sanguinolenta, G. ternifolia, P. febrifugium and Z. chalybeum had no cytotoxicity studies in animal models. For the remaining six plant species, the crude aqueous and ethanol extracts were mainly used in acute oral toxicity studies in mice. Herbalists reported only A. coriaria and W. ugandensis to cause toxic side effects in humans. However, selective cytotoxic plant extracts can potentially be beneficial as anticancer or anti-tumour drugs.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Indigenous Medicinal Plants against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Abou-Fakhr Hammad ◽  
M. Akkary ◽  
N. Saliba ◽  
M. Farran ◽  
S. Talhouk
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Forty two methanol extracts and 12 aqueous extracts of 29 indigenous medicinal plant species were tested for their acaricidal bioactivity against the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae adults at the laboratory. Fourteen methanol plant extracts caused significant mortality in mites. This is the first report for the potential effect on survival of mites for 27 tested endemic plant species. Methanol whole plant extracts (WPEs) of Lotus carmeli, Alchemilla diademata, Eryngium deserlorum and aqueous fruit extracts (FrEs) of Melia azedarach caused toxic effects against the adult mites in the range of 41-46% mortality. The methanol WPE of L. carmeli and the aqueous FrE of M. azedarach (1:5) caused the highest mite mortality of 43.55% and 45.55%, respectively and each was used as reference sample for potential acaricidal activity in the methanol and aqueous treatment groups. The latter extract was not significantly different in its effect from aqueous extracts of M. azedarach leaf extract (LE) and Achillea damascena WPE. Methanol extracts of Salvia rubifolia flowers and Calendula palestina FrE were found to be more active against the adult mite than their extracts of other plant parts as leaves and flowers, respectively. The former two extracts, flower extracts of Anthemis scariosa, Echinops gaillardoti, Nepeta curviflora, and Ranunculus cuneatus, leaves and stems extract of An. scariosa and WPEs of Melissa inodora, Ranunuculus myosuroides, Origanum libanoticum and Ac. damascena were found to be comparable in their acaricidal activity to that of the whole plant extract of L. carmeli. Thus, these bioactive extracts of some local plant species can cause toxicity to adult T. urticae mites and consequently could be an alternative control for mite pests.

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