Effect of Travel Speed on Quality and Welding Efficiency of Friction Stir Welded AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.17) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Baghdadi ◽  
Nor Fazilah Mohamad Selamat ◽  
Zainuddin Sajuri ◽  
Amir Hossein Kokabi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Az31b Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Fsw Parameters

Weight reduction is one of the most concerning issues of automotive and aircraft industries in reducing fuel consumption. Magnesium (Mg) alloys are the lightest alloys which can be used in the structure due to low density and high strength to weight ratio. Developing a reliable joining process of magnesium alloys is required due to limited ductility and low workability at room temperature. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process that can be performed to produce sound joints in magnesium alloys. Researchers have performed investigations on the effect of rotation and travel speeds in FSW of AZ31B magnesium alloy. However, there is lack of study on the FSW parameters, i.e. travel speed below 50 mm/min and rotation speed lower than 1000 rpm. In this research, FSW of AZ31B magnesium alloy was performed at a constant rotation speed of 700 rpm and varied travel speeds below 50 mm/min. The results showed the development of finer grain size in stir zone with increasing of welding travel speed from 20 mm/min to 40 mm/min. It was found that the finer grain size improved the mechanical properties while maintaining the elongation at different welding parameters.  

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of a Solid-State Additive Manufactured Magnesium Alloy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Thomas Robinson ◽  
Malcolm Williams ◽  
Harish Rao ◽  
Ryan P. Kinser ◽  
Paul Allison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Magnesium Alloy Az31b

Abstract In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained prominence in rapid prototyping and production of structural components with complex geometries. Magnesium alloys, whose strength-to-weight ratio is superior compared to steel and aluminum alloys, have shown potential in lightweighting applications. However, commercial beam-based AM technologies have limited success with magnesium alloys due to vaporization and hot cracking. Therefore, as an alternative approach, we propose the use of a near net-shape solid-state additive manufacturing process, Additive Friction Stir Deposition (AFSD), to fabricate magnesium alloys in bulk. In this study, a parametric investigation was performed to quantify the effect of process parameters on AFSD build quality including volumetric defects and surface quality in magnesium alloy AZ31B. In order to understand the effect of the AFSD process on structural integrity in the magnesium alloy AZ31B, in-depth microstructure and mechanical property characterization was conducted on a bulk AFSD build fabricated with a set of acceptable process parameters. Results of the microstructure analysis of the as-deposited AFSD build revealed bulk microstructure similar to wrought magnesium alloy AZ31 plate. Additionally, similar hardness measurements were found in AFSD build compared to control wrought specimens. While tensile test results of the as-deposited AFSD build exhibited a 20 percent drop in yield strength, nearly identical ultimate strength was observed compared to the wrought control. The experimental results of this study illustrate the potential of using the AFSD process to additively manufacture Mg alloys for load bearing structural components with achieving wrought-like microstructure and mechanical properties.

Microstructure and Impact Load Performance of Friction Stir Welded Joint of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Hong Feng Wang ◽  
Sheng Rong Liu ◽  
Xiao Le Ge ◽  
Jia Fei Pu ◽  
Lei Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Az31b Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Joint Area ◽  
The Impact

10mm thickness AZ31B magnesium alloy was used as the friction stir welding object in this study. Different welding joints were obtained by setting different friction stir welding parameters. Metallographic analysis and impact loading test were carried out on the joint area. The experiment results show that (i) when the rotational speed of the stirring head is 600rpm and the welding speed is 120mm/min, the microstructure of the joint has the characteristics of compactness, thinning, and large-area twinning, which is beneficial to improve the plasticity of the joint area; (ii) the impact load of the joint is the highest, but lower than that of the base material, which is 95.5% of the base material; (iii) the fracture of impact specimen presents ductile fracture.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Mechanism of Double-Sided FSW on Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of AZ31 Alloy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1982
Author(s):  
Suna Cha ◽  
Hongliang Hou ◽  
Yanling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Az31 Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Joint Center ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Fsw Parameters

In the friction stir welding (FSW) process, the final performance of weld joints is determined by microstructures influenced mainly by the heat input and mechanical deformation. In this research, the effects of FSW parameters, rotation speeds, and welding passes, on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy were systematically and comparatively studied. It was found that the microstructure at the joint center with multi-pass FSW could obtain a smaller average grain size compared with the single pass. The differences of the grain size were reduced significantly when the samples experienced the double-side FSW process. The mechanical performance results showed that the optimum strength (315 MPa) was achieved through the double-side FSW process with a rotation speed of 500 r/min and welding speed of 60 mm/min. The mechanism of the parameters and double-sided process on mechanical properties of the joint samples was elaborated.

Thermal Cycle Characteristics of AM 50 Magnesium Alloy Welded by FSW

2009 ◽  
Vol 419-420 ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Lu ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xiao Dan Jia ◽  
Ze Xin Wang ◽  
Jing Jing Gong
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Different Depths

By means of Friction stir welding (FSW), as-cast AM50 magnesium alloys were welded with travel speed of 50 mm/min and rotating rate of 1200 r/min. The thermal cycle was investigated by thermocouples and a paperless recorder. The results show that phenomenon of dual peaks and hysteresis exist in temperature curves of featured points at the starting part while only hysteresis in the middle part. The finishing part has the highest peak temperature while the starting part corresponds to the lowest one. Featured points for different depths in the same place share the same shape of temperature curves but with different peak temperature. The retaining time over recrystallization temperature at middle part is double that at finishing part.

scholarly journals Effect of friction stir processing parameters on the microstructure and properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijie Hu ◽  
Youping Sun ◽  
Jiangmei He ◽  
Dejun Fang ◽  
Jiaxin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Zk60 Magnesium Alloy

Abstract Friction stir processing is an important method for acquiring ultrafine-grained materials. In this paper, 3mm ZK60 magnesium alloy sheet was carried for friction stir processing. The best processing parameters with a small grain size and maximum mechanical properties were obtained by comparing different rotation speeds and processing speeds. Fine recrystallized grains and high-angle grain boundaries were observed in stirring zone under different processing parameters. With increasing rotation speed, the grain size and high-angle grain boundary ratio increase; while with increasing processing speed, the grain size decrease, and the ratio of high-angle grain boundaries increase. When rotation speed and processing speed are 1400 r·min-1 and 100 mm·min-1, the processing plate have the largest ultimate tensile strength are 267.52 Mpa, that reached 84.62% of the base metals, and the yield strength, elongation and grain size are 166.97 Mpa, 15.32 % and 1.12 ± 1.64 µm, respectively. The processing plate has more excellent damping performance than rolled.

Surface Modification of Pure Magnesium and Magnesium Alloy AZ91 by Friction Stir Processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 796-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hütter ◽  
Wilfried Huemer ◽  
Claudia Ramskogler ◽  
Fernando Warchomicka ◽  
Aymen Lachehab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Alloy Az91 ◽  
Magnesium Alloy Az91

In recent years an interest in magnesium and magnesium alloys not only for the automotive industry but also for medical applications was increasing due to the low density and good specific strength. Magnesium alloys show good castability but lower ductility and strength than wrought materials. For this reason, refinement of grains and homogenous distribution of intermetallic phases are needed to improve formability and mechanical properties. On the other hand, the degradation of the material by corrosion is influenced by the grain size and phase distribution. This work investigates the microstructure evolution of pure Mg and magnesium alloy AZ91 by friction stir processing (FSP) technique. FSP experiments are carried out by constant force, optimizing the rotation and feed rate to obtain a homogenous microstructure, free of defects stir zone, good surface finishing and stable conditions during the process. The results show that the grain size is affected by the spindle speed. Increasing the number of passes reduces also the size of the grains and the intermetallic phases in the AZ91 alloy. The overlapping of passes between overlapping ratio 0.5 to 1 determines an uniform depth of the stir zone over a larger surface area.Hardness measurements are performed to evaluate the influence of FSP parameters on the mechanical properties. The degradation rate of the studied FSP Mg alloys is determined by hydrogen evolution in corrosion immersion tests, which depend strongly on the phase distribution and grain size.

Study on Friction Stir Spot Welding Procedure of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1437-1441
Author(s):  
Cheng Gang Ding ◽  
Chuan Jun Guo ◽  
Gao Feng Quan ◽  
Feng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Friction Stir Spot Welding ◽  
Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Friction Stir

The study has examined the influence of FSSW (friction stir spot welding) parameters (rotation speed, downward compression and welding period) on mechanical property (shear resistance force) by conducting FSSW experiments on 3mm-thick AZ31 magnesium alloy plates under the orthogonal design. According to the experiment result, welding period is the major factor that decides the shear resistance force of FSSW joints, optimum welding parameters are: rotation speed(RS) 2450r/min, welding period(WP) 8s, downward compression of the tool shoulder(DCTS) 0.2mm. Microstructure observations show that tiny and even equiaxial grains are formed in WN (Weld nugget zone) and coarse grains with uneven sizes are formed in TMAZ(thermo-mechanically affected zone) and HAZ (Heat affected zone).

scholarly journals Analysis of metallographic structure and hardness of magnesium alloy area using friction stir welding

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 096369351987276
Author(s):  
Wang Hongfeng ◽  
Zuo Dunwen ◽  
Liu Shengrong ◽  
Song Weiwei
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Weld Nugget ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Metallographic Structure

The present work envisages the friction stir welding of AZ40 M magnesium alloy to analyze the influence of different process parameters (rotation speeds: 600, 800, and 1000 r/min; feed speeds: 100, 120, and 150 mm/min) on the metallographic structure at different locations in the weld zone. The welded regularity, analysis of the distribution law of the weld surface, and section hardness value (HV) were obtained under different welding process parameters. Our results show that, when the current feed rate was constant, the grain size of the weld nugget increased with an increase in the rotation speed. When the rotation speed was constant, the grain size of the weld nugget area decreased initially, which subsequently increased with an increase in the advance speed. When the rotation speed was 600 r/min and the feed speed was 120 mm/min, the nugget region grain was uniform, fine, and exhibited a highest HV.

Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloys under Different Process Parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 3954-3959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Bruni ◽  
Gianluca Buffa ◽  
Livan Fratini ◽  
M. Simoncini
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Numerical Investigations

Experimental and numerical investigations have been performed in order to study the effect of welding parameters on properties of FSW-ed AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The results, presented in terms of tensile strength and numerical field variables distributions, allow to understand the behaviour of such material when FSW-ed using different rotational and welding speeds for a given tool geometry.

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