scholarly journals The Influence of the Mechanism of Double-Sided FSW on Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of AZ31 Alloy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1982
Author(s):  
Suna Cha ◽  
Hongliang Hou ◽  
Yanling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Az31 Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Joint Center ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Fsw Parameters

In the friction stir welding (FSW) process, the final performance of weld joints is determined by microstructures influenced mainly by the heat input and mechanical deformation. In this research, the effects of FSW parameters, rotation speeds, and welding passes, on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy were systematically and comparatively studied. It was found that the microstructure at the joint center with multi-pass FSW could obtain a smaller average grain size compared with the single pass. The differences of the grain size were reduced significantly when the samples experienced the double-side FSW process. The mechanical performance results showed that the optimum strength (315 MPa) was achieved through the double-side FSW process with a rotation speed of 500 r/min and welding speed of 60 mm/min. The mechanism of the parameters and double-sided process on mechanical properties of the joint samples was elaborated.

Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Lap Jointed Ni Base Superalloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 481-485
Author(s):  
Kuk Hyun Song ◽  
Kazuhiro Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Stir Zone ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Grain Size

This study evaluated the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded lap joints. Inconel 600 and SS 400 as experimental materials were selected, and friction stir welding was carried out at tool rotation speed of 200 rpm and welding speed of 100 mm/min. Applying the friction stir welding was notably effective to reduce the grain size of the stir zone, as a result, the average grain size of Inconel 600 was reduced from 20 μm in the base material to 8.5 μm in the stir zone. Joint interface between Inconel 600 and SS 400 showed a sound weld without voids and cracks. Also, the hook, along the Inconel 600 alloy from SS 400, was formed at advancing side, which directly affected an increase in peel strength. In this study, we systematically discussed the evolution on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir lap jointed Inconel 600 and SS 400.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nano-ZrO2 and Nano-SiO2 Particulate Reinforced AZ31-Mg Based Composites Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.I. Chang ◽  
Y.N. Wang ◽  
H.R. Pei ◽  
C.J. Lee ◽  
X.H. Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Az31 Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Nano Sio2 ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Sio2 Particles ◽  
Particulate Reinforced ◽  
Significant Chemical

Friction stir processing (FSP) has been applied to fabricate 10~20 vol% nano-sized ZrO2 and 5~10 vol% nano-sized SiO2 particles into an Mg-AZ31 alloy to form bulk composites under the FSP parameters of advancing speed of 800 rpm and pin rotation of 45 min/min. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the resulting composites were investigated. The clustering size of nano-ZrO2 and nano-SiO2 particles, measuring average ~200 nm was relatively uniformly dispersed, and the average grain size of the both Mg alloy of the composites varied within 1.0~2.0 μm after four FSP passes. No evident interfacial product between ZrO2 particles and Mg matrix was found during the FSP mixing in AZ31-Mg/ZrO2. However, significant chemical reactions at the AZ31-Mg/SiO2 interface occurred to form the Mg2Si phase. The mechanical responses of the nano-composites in terms of hardness and tensile properties are examined and compared.

scholarly journals Effect of homogenization on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of aged Mg-Nd-Sm-Zn-Zr alloy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ma ◽  
Sicong Zhao ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Erjun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Aged Alloy ◽  
Homogenization Treatment ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Average Grain Size

Abstract As an indispensable pre-treatment for aging, homogenization treatment has a significant effect on precipitation behavior of the Mg-RE alloys. Herein, the influence of homogenization temperature on the microstructure evolution and mechanical performance of a novel Mg-2.0Nd-2.0Sm-0.4Zn-0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy has been studied systematically. The results indicated that the as-cast alloy was mainly composed of α-Mg matrix, β-Mg12(Nd,Sm,Zn) phase and Zr-containing particles. Upon increasing the homogenization temperature from 500 oC to 525 oC for 8 h, the average grain size of as-homogenized alloy increased from 76 μm to 156 μm, and the content of β phase decreased gradually. It was worth noting that the homogenization temperature exceeded 515 oC, the β phase at the grain boundaries was completely dissolved. After aging at 200 oC for 18 h, numerous of plate-like β' phases were observed in α-Mg matrix. The rise in homogenization temperature was conducive to nucleation and growth of the β' phase. However, excessive homogenization temperature significantly coarsened grain size. The aged alloy under homogenization treatment at 515 oC for 8 h achieved optimal mechanical properties. The values of ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation were 261 MPa, 154 MPa and 5.8 %, respectively. The fracture mode of the aged alloy mainly exhibited a typical transgranular cleavage fracture.

Effects of Solution and Cryogenic Treatments on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Alloy Tubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Yi Yu ◽  
Qian Qian Luo ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Yu Juan Wu ◽  
Run Xia Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Plastic Property ◽  
Az31 Alloy ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Average Grain Size

In order to improve plastic property of AZ31 alloy tubes at room temperature and expand application of cold rolling process in magnesium (Mg) alloys, solution treatment (T4) and cryogenic treatment of AZ31 tubes obtained by drawing were investigated in this work. The results indicate that T4 can improve the microstructure of the alloy, refine grains and eliminate twins. The optimized T4 parameter is 300 °C for 8 h, in which the average grain size of 12 μm can be obtained and elongation reaches to Max of 16.1% and tensile strength reaches to 242 MPa. Moreover, tensile strength was decreased to 211 MPa, while, elongation was improved to 25.4% by T4+cryogenic treatment at-196 °C.

Synergetic Effect of ECAP and Friction Stir Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Sheets

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Ilya Nikulin ◽  
Alla Kipelova ◽  
Sergey Malopheyev ◽  
Rustam Kaibyshev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Grain Size

Friction stir welding (FSW) was used to join the submicrocrystalline (SMC) grained Al-Cu-Mg-Ag sheets produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) followed by hot rolling (HR). The effect of SPD and FSW on the microstructure and mechanical properties in the zone of base metal, as well as in the stirred zone (SZ) were examined. In addition, effect of standard heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties in these zones was considered. A refined microstructure with an average grain size of ~ 0.6 m and a portion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) of ~0.67 was produced in sheets by ECAP followed by HR at 250°C. The microcrystalline grained structure with average grain size of ~2.3 mm was found in joint weld. The moderate mechanical properties were revealed in SMC sheets and joint welds. Heat treatment considerably increases strength of the base metal as well as the joint welds. The higher strength of the alloy after T6 temper is attributed to the dense precipitations of  dispersoids having plate-like shape which are uniformly distributed within aluminum matrix. It was observed that FSW can produce full strength weld both in the tempered and in the un-tempered conditions.

Effect of Travel Speed on Quality and Welding Efficiency of Friction Stir Welded AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.17) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Baghdadi ◽  
Nor Fazilah Mohamad Selamat ◽  
Zainuddin Sajuri ◽  
Amir Hossein Kokabi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Az31b Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Fsw Parameters

Weight reduction is one of the most concerning issues of automotive and aircraft industries in reducing fuel consumption. Magnesium (Mg) alloys are the lightest alloys which can be used in the structure due to low density and high strength to weight ratio. Developing a reliable joining process of magnesium alloys is required due to limited ductility and low workability at room temperature. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process that can be performed to produce sound joints in magnesium alloys. Researchers have performed investigations on the effect of rotation and travel speeds in FSW of AZ31B magnesium alloy. However, there is lack of study on the FSW parameters, i.e. travel speed below 50 mm/min and rotation speed lower than 1000 rpm. In this research, FSW of AZ31B magnesium alloy was performed at a constant rotation speed of 700 rpm and varied travel speeds below 50 mm/min. The results showed the development of finer grain size in stir zone with increasing of welding travel speed from 20 mm/min to 40 mm/min. It was found that the finer grain size improved the mechanical properties while maintaining the elongation at different welding parameters.  

Precipitates formation and its impact in friction stir welded and post-heat-treated Inconel 718 alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuk Hyun Song ◽  
Han Sol Kim ◽  
Won Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Post Heat Treatment ◽  
Inconel 718 Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Heat Treated

ABSTRACTIn order to investigate the formation of precipitates such as MC carbides and intermetallic compounds in the friction stir welded and post-heat-treated Inconel 718 alloy, this work was carried out. Furthermore, the microstructural and mechanical properties of welds and post-heat-treated material were evaluated to identify the effect on precipitates formed during post-heat-treatment. Friction stir welding (FSW) was performed at a rotation speed of 200 rpm and welding speed of 150 mm/min; heat treatment was performed after welding at 720 °C for 8 hours in vacuum. As a result, the grain size due to FSW was notably refined from 5–20 μm in the base material to 1–3 μm in the stir zone; this was accompanied by dynamic recrystallization, which resulted in enhancements in the mechanical properties as compared to the base material. In particular, applying heat treatment after FSW led to improvements in the mechanical properties of the welds—the microhardness and tensile strength increased by more than 50% and 40% in fraction, respectively, as compared to FSW alone.

Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Ultra Fine Grained Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 3727-3732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hirano ◽  
Kazutaka Okamoto ◽  
S.H.C. Park ◽  
K. Aota ◽  
T. Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Average Grain Size

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has been applied to ultra fine grained (UFG) steel which is the plane carbon steel with the average grain size of 1mm. The plates of 5mm thickness was successfully welded using pcBN tool (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) and the metallurgical and mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated. In the stir zone, Bainite has been formed which shows the highest harness in the joint. On the other hand, grain growth is observed in the heat affected zone. The joint effect of 88% has been obtained for UFG steel by FSW process.

Effect of Processing Speed on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Submerged Friction Stir Processed AZ91 Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Chai ◽  
Da Tong Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Cheng Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Az91 Alloy ◽  
Az91 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Processing Rate ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties

Normal and submerged friction stir processing (SFSP) were conducted to AZ91 magnesium alloy plates with 6mm in thickness, and influence of processing speed (ν) on microstructures and mechanical properties of the experimental materials was investigated. The results revealed that fine and equiaxed grains were observed in the stirred zone (SZ). As the processing speed increased from 60mm/min to 150mm/min, the average grain size in the SZ of normal FSP material decreased. However, the grain size of the SFSP specimens first increased with the processing rate increasing from 60mm/min to 120mm/min, and then decreased when the processing rate increased to 150mm/min. Microstructure of the SFSP specimen was much finer compared with the normal FSP one, and the grain size of α-Mg was about 1.2µm when the processing speed was 60mm/min during SFSP. Because of much finer microstructure of SFSP, the microhardness, tensile strength and elongation were all improved. SEM fracture observation showed that fine dimples and tearing edges could be observed on SFSP specimen which showing good ductility. In addition, high temperature tensile tests showed that SFSP AZ91 alloys exhibited excellent superplasticity at high strain rate, with an elongation of 1202% at 623 K with a strain rate of 3x10-3s-1. The present study demonstrated that SFSP possesses great potential in preparing fine-grained materials.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Submerged Friction Stir Processing Mg-Y-Nd Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Hua Cao ◽  
Da Tong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Cast Sample ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Grain Size

Mg-2.5wt%Y-4wt%Nd-0.5wt%Zr casting alloy was subjected to submerged friction stir processing (SFSP) with different rotation rates (ω) and travel speeds (υ). The influence of the ratio of ω/υ on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Y-Nd alloy was investigated in the present work by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, tensile test and hardness measurement. The results showed that the average grain sizes of SFSP samples were significantly refined compared with as-cast sample, and the coarse net-shaped Mg12Nd phases which located at grain boundaries in as-cast sample were changed into small particles. The combined effect of grain refinement and uniform particles distribution was responsible for the enhancement of mechanical properties. The relative optimal parameter of 600 rpm/60 mm·min-1in this research obtained the finest grain size and the best mechanical properties, which were 1.1 μm for average grain size, 305 MPa for ultimate tensile strength and 22% for elongation, respectively.

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