scholarly journals Consumer Awareness Towards Rainwater Harvesting System in Selangor, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Normadihah M. Aminuddin ◽  
Yendo Afgani @ Eusoff ◽  
Nor Adeena Raslee ◽  
Ahmad Puad Mat Som
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Sound Technology ◽  
Alternative Water Sources

Reusing water and implementing rainwater-harvesting system are an effective way to reduce the usage of treated water at home. A study on consumer’s awareness towards Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS) in urban areas of Malaysia is less explored among researchers. This study was to identify the level of consumer’s awareness on RWHS among domestic water users in Gombak District, Selangor. Quantitative approaches were applied through individual distribution of structured questionnaires to 397 domestic water users in the study area from December 2016 to February 2017. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Based on the results of quantitative analysis, four major constructs emerged namely ‘the advantages of RWHS’, ‘alternative water sources’, ‘consumers’ concern’ and ‘consumers’ willingness’. The total mean scores (total average score) for each construct in ascending order are 3.48 for consumers' readiness, 3.81 for advantages of RWHS, 3.98 for alternative source, and 4.09 for consumers' concern. The findings provide important contribution to water conservation practices in the country as RWHS is considered greener, more efficient, more self-reliant with sound technology.  

scholarly journals RAINWATER HARVESTING AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF DOMESTIC WATER IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE - INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Gatot Eko Susilo ◽  
Tri Budi Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Supporting Capacity ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Local Water

Urban areas in Indonesia will experience water crisis in the future due to the rapid population growth. Local water companies will face big problems to meet the water needs of these cities in the future, due to limited water resources and environmental degradation. Efforts to find new alternative water sources are important to undertake in order to ensure the availability of clean and fresh water in the future. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting facility and the potential benefits of rainwater harvesting applications in urban areas in Indonesia. The cities that are the object of research are Bandar Lampung, Pringsewu, and Metro City. These three cities are the fastest growing cities in Lampung Province. Simulation to find supporting capacity of RWH is applied for house type 45, which has an effective rooftop area of 30 m2. The maximum capacity of the tanks being tested is 1 m3 and 2 m3, and the number of occupants is 5 to 7 people. Research shows that RWH has great potential to meet domestic water demand in major cities in Indonesia. From some analysis and simulation of this research, it is known that the supporting capacity of RWH for domestic water supply in the cities studied is 40% to 50% on average. Research also shows that reservoir size 2 m3 is the most recommended dimension in RWH implementation in Lampung Province cities.

scholarly journals Local regulations on alternative water sources: greywater and rainwater use in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona

2014 ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laia Domènech ◽  
Maria Vallès
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
North East ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Water Sources

Alternative water resources are gaining momentum in Catalonia (north-east Spain) in an effort to promote water conservation and build resilience against drought episodes. Since 2002 more than 50 municipalities (summing up more than 1.3 million people) have approved a water saving ordinance that involves the installation of rainwater harvesting and/or greywater reuse systems in new buildings. These new technologies trigger important transformations in the existing water cycle including institutional and social changes related with water decentralization. Drawing on interviews with local environmental managers and survey data from rainwater harvesters and greywater users, this paper analyses the social and technical learning generated during the implementation of the regulations and the main impediments and barriers that need to be overcome to control health risks and promote social acceptance of these alternative water sources.

scholarly journals Assessing public participation in water conservation and water demand management in water stressed urban areas: Insights from the City of Gweru, Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
WINMORE KUSENA ◽  
Sumaiya Desai ◽  
Beckedhal Heinz ◽  
Chemura Abel
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Water User ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The City

<p>The paper investigates the level of water user participation in water conservation and demand management in Gweru. Data was solicited from a combination of user opinion and key informants selected from the local authority and citizen representative groups. A household survey including 489 residents was carried out in the different categories of residential areas in the city. Several water conservation and demand management measures were identified. However compliance with the measures was poor. The majority of respondents (98%) were never consulted and did not participate in water decisions. Only a few respondents (2%) participated in water conservation and demand management consultation meetings, an indicator that decision-making was the sole prerogative of the local authority. Awareness in water conservation across residential suburbs was incredibly low irrespective of the socio-economic status of high literacy level recorded in the city. To explain the anomaly, respondents reported low participation (p = 0.078) in water conservation trainings which may have translated into limited conservation literacy. The findings also revealed poor communication channels between the local authority and residents such that water users felt disrespected and disregarded. Unfortunately no initiatives were in place to encourage and enable water user participation in water management. Water conservation and demand management will remain a problem in Gweru as long as there is no point of participation for various stakeholders, especially water users. Active participation channels must be opened in order to create water conservation awareness and good relations for effective participation and sustainable water service delivery.</p>

Without households, water management is not integrated

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Harriden
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Management Policies

With the institutional and personal relationship building vital to integrated water resource management (IWRM) in practice stopping at the community scale, households and householders are largely neglected from the framework. Domestic water users are viewed as a homogenous group requiring only continuous, single-use potable supply, with equal, unproblematic access to the supplied water. Reflecting the reality of few households, this construct contributes to the development of inappropriate and ineffective institutional water management policies and practices. Using evidence from Water Diaries conducted in the ACT region, including household adoption of water conservation practices and acceptance of water restrictions, this paper demonstrates that householders are active water managers. Outlining the benefits to IWRM of incorporating household water management expertise, this paper argues it is appropriate to formally include this sector in the IWRM framework.

scholarly journals Identification The Application of Water Conservation in Hotel

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 04019
Author(s):  
Kancitra Pharmawati ◽  
Dhuhri Hidayatullah ◽  
Priyadi Wirasakti
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Filtration Unit

Water conservation aspect is a part of Green Building concept. In addition, to save more first clean water consumption, The X Hotel applied water conservation aspect, which are the WAC 3 (Water Recycling), WAC 4 (Alternative Water Resources), and the WAC 5 (Rainwater Harvesting) (GBCI, 2013). The plumbing installation system with water conservation aspects at X Hotel aims to distribute first class clean water, dispose of the wastewater to a treatment site with appropriate water requirements refers to SNI 03-7065-2005 X Hotel required 114,640 m3/day of first class clean water, and 91,71 m3/day of the total wastewater discharge, includes 18,35 m3/day of black water and 73,36 m3/day of gray water. The X Hotel has additional alternative sources of water condensate from air conditioner (AC) about 44,16 m3/day and 52,53 m3 of rainwater, that can be used for water closet and urinal flushing in the public area at the Hotel, after through the anaerobic – aerobic biofilter STP (Sewerage Treatment Plant) and membrane filtration unit. After the calculation, water conservation aspects application can reduce first class clean water needs with an efficiency around 10%.

scholarly journals A Review of Roof and Pond Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Water Security: The Design, Performance and Way Forward

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3163
Author(s):  
Husnna Aishah Zabidi ◽  
Hui Weng Goh ◽  
Chun Kiat Chang ◽  
Ngai Weng Chan ◽  
Nor Azazi Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
The Many ◽  
Equatorial Climate

Rapid urbanization, population explosion and climate change have threatened water security globally, regionally and locally. While there are many ways of addressing these problems, one of the innovative techniques is the recent employment of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) which include rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS). Therefore, this paper reviews the design and component of two types of RWHS, the namely roof harvesting system (RHS) and the pond harvesting system (PHS). The performance in terms of quantity and quality of collected rainwater and energy consumption for RWHS with different capacities were evaluated, as well as the benefits and challenges particularly in environmental, economic and social aspects. Presently, the RHS is more commonly applied but its effectiveness is limited by its small scale. The PHS is of larger scale and has greater potentials and effectiveness as an alternative water supply system. Results also indicate the many advantages of the PHS especially in terms of economics, environmental aspects and volume of water harvested. While the RHS may be suited to individual or existing buildings, the PHS has greater potentials and should be applied in newly developed urban areas with wet equatorial climate.

Blueprint for a greener city: growth need not costthe earth

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
River System ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Alternative Water

The current human use of global natural resources exceeds the long-term sustainable capacity of the planet. New and more sustainable ways of building cities and providing urban water services are needed. The Australian city of Sydney is expected to grow by more than 1 million people over the next 30 years. Water use from the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system already exceeds system capacity. Current proposals to allocate a greater proportion of low flows to meet environmental flow needs will limit urban water allocations and require the development of more efficient water and sewerage systems for new and existing urban development. This paper presents a hypothetical case study of how water supply and sewerage services might be provided for an additional 1 million people over a 25-year period. It compares traditional service provision with alternative scenarios incorporating water conservation measures, rainwater harvesting and water reuse. The paper presents both economic and environmental comparisons. The economic comparisons include valuations of environmental externalities in the form of environmental levies. It shows that the extra capital costs of water conservation, alternative water sources and water reuse scenarios are offset by operating savings and environmental benefits. Ecological footprints are reduced because of lower water diversions, discharges, energy use and CO2 emissions. The paper also discusses the implication of alternative infrastructure ownership and water pricing arrangements, and the opportunities to create incentives for additional investment in water conservation and reuse projects.

scholarly journals A procedure to analyze the viability of rainwater harvesting systems in urban areas based on pre-defined diagrams

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Eugenio de Oliveira Vaz Sampaio ◽  
Conceição de Maria Albuquerque Alves
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT Giving some specific precipitation regimes and technical design parameters, urban Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHS) may represent an alternative source to drinking water supply system promoting its conservation and rational use. The use of RWHS requires the definition of generic and simplified method for sizing RWHS accumulation tanks, which is has being considered the most expensive component of the system. Additionally, several methods have being used to define reservoir volumes leading to a wide variety of final reservoir volumes many of them over estimated. The main objective of this article is to present a new methodology to define RWHS reservoir volumes considering technical and economic viabilities of the systems. The proposed methodology was incorporated into a Decision Support System (DSS), named SARA. The method provides an alternative way to define smaller RWHS reservoir volumes once it accepts lower levels of reliabilities giving that the RWHS is considered a complimentary system, better suited for urban areas. RWHS design diagrams are built as a result of the methodology in an attempt to offer a tool to initial and rapid design of reservoir volumes for RWSH. The method was applied to different urban areas in Brazil.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Flood Reduction in Residential Urban Areas

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Lorena Liuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Area Of Study

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have many benefits being an effective alternative water supply solution, not only in arid and semi-arid regions. Also, these systems can be useful in the reduction of flood risk in urban areas. Nevertheless, most of the studies in literature focused on the potential of RWH in reducing water consumption, whereas few examples examined their efficiency in the retention of stormwater in flood-susceptible residential areas. The aim of this work was to investigate the reliability of RWH systems in terms of stormwater retention. Specifically, the performance of RWH tanks to supply water for toilet flushing, in more than 400 single-family houses in a residential area of Sicily (Southern Italy) was analyzed. The area of study was chosen due to its high susceptibility to flooding. A flushing water demand pattern was defined using water consumption data collected during a measurement campaign. The yield-after-spillage algorithm was used to simulate the daily water balance of the RWH tanks. The effect of the RWH implementation on flood volumes in the area of study was quantified using FLO-2D. Results point out that the potential of neighborhood RWH installation in the mitigation of flood risk is highly related to rainfall amount.

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