scholarly journals RAINWATER HARVESTING AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF DOMESTIC WATER IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE - INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Gatot Eko Susilo ◽  
Tri Budi Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Supporting Capacity ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Local Water

Urban areas in Indonesia will experience water crisis in the future due to the rapid population growth. Local water companies will face big problems to meet the water needs of these cities in the future, due to limited water resources and environmental degradation. Efforts to find new alternative water sources are important to undertake in order to ensure the availability of clean and fresh water in the future. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting facility and the potential benefits of rainwater harvesting applications in urban areas in Indonesia. The cities that are the object of research are Bandar Lampung, Pringsewu, and Metro City. These three cities are the fastest growing cities in Lampung Province. Simulation to find supporting capacity of RWH is applied for house type 45, which has an effective rooftop area of 30 m2. The maximum capacity of the tanks being tested is 1 m3 and 2 m3, and the number of occupants is 5 to 7 people. Research shows that RWH has great potential to meet domestic water demand in major cities in Indonesia. From some analysis and simulation of this research, it is known that the supporting capacity of RWH for domestic water supply in the cities studied is 40% to 50% on average. Research also shows that reservoir size 2 m3 is the most recommended dimension in RWH implementation in Lampung Province cities.

scholarly journals Consumer Awareness Towards Rainwater Harvesting System in Selangor, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Normadihah M. Aminuddin ◽  
Yendo Afgani @ Eusoff ◽  
Nor Adeena Raslee ◽  
Ahmad Puad Mat Som
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Sound Technology ◽  
Alternative Water Sources

Reusing water and implementing rainwater-harvesting system are an effective way to reduce the usage of treated water at home. A study on consumer’s awareness towards Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS) in urban areas of Malaysia is less explored among researchers. This study was to identify the level of consumer’s awareness on RWHS among domestic water users in Gombak District, Selangor. Quantitative approaches were applied through individual distribution of structured questionnaires to 397 domestic water users in the study area from December 2016 to February 2017. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Based on the results of quantitative analysis, four major constructs emerged namely ‘the advantages of RWHS’, ‘alternative water sources’, ‘consumers’ concern’ and ‘consumers’ willingness’. The total mean scores (total average score) for each construct in ascending order are 3.48 for consumers' readiness, 3.81 for advantages of RWHS, 3.98 for alternative source, and 4.09 for consumers' concern. The findings provide important contribution to water conservation practices in the country as RWHS is considered greener, more efficient, more self-reliant with sound technology.  

scholarly journals A Review of Roof and Pond Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Water Security: The Design, Performance and Way Forward

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3163
Author(s):  
Husnna Aishah Zabidi ◽  
Hui Weng Goh ◽  
Chun Kiat Chang ◽  
Ngai Weng Chan ◽  
Nor Azazi Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
The Many ◽  
Equatorial Climate

Rapid urbanization, population explosion and climate change have threatened water security globally, regionally and locally. While there are many ways of addressing these problems, one of the innovative techniques is the recent employment of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) which include rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS). Therefore, this paper reviews the design and component of two types of RWHS, the namely roof harvesting system (RHS) and the pond harvesting system (PHS). The performance in terms of quantity and quality of collected rainwater and energy consumption for RWHS with different capacities were evaluated, as well as the benefits and challenges particularly in environmental, economic and social aspects. Presently, the RHS is more commonly applied but its effectiveness is limited by its small scale. The PHS is of larger scale and has greater potentials and effectiveness as an alternative water supply system. Results also indicate the many advantages of the PHS especially in terms of economics, environmental aspects and volume of water harvested. While the RHS may be suited to individual or existing buildings, the PHS has greater potentials and should be applied in newly developed urban areas with wet equatorial climate.

scholarly journals Feasibility of rainwater harvesting from residential rooftops in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Al-Qawasmi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Precise Estimation ◽  
Water Companies

AbstractRainwater harvesting is adopted to face water scarcity in arid regions. Many studies were developed in Jordan to estimate the potential of water harvesting for several uses. However, the precise estimation of water saving and cost benefits for the potential of rainwater harvesting from the roofs of residential urban areas is insufficient. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of rainwater harvesting from residential rooftops in all the eighty-nine Jordanian districts. The forecast number of buildings was calculated from 2016 to 2025 using building growth rate, where the number of houses and villas was adopted only. The long-term rainfall average from 1937 to 2017 was used. Two scenarios were used to assess the potential of rainwater harvesting; numerical (as scenario 1) and tabulated by plumbing code (as scenario 2) for the years from 2019 to 2025. Also, the growth rate of one cubic meter of water cost was calculated to find the money saving potential for the water companies in Jordan. The results indicated that the water harvesting potential was different between two scenarios in the districts which have annual rainfall more than 100 mm was efficient in scenario 1 compared to scenario 2 with the projected financial return which was increased from $5.4 million at 2019 to reach $33.4 million at 2025, while in the districts which have annual rainfall less than 100 mm was more efficient in scenario 2 compared to scenario 1 with the projected financial return which was increased from $2.4 million at 2019 to reach $14.6 million at 2025.

scholarly journals A procedure to analyze the viability of rainwater harvesting systems in urban areas based on pre-defined diagrams

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Eugenio de Oliveira Vaz Sampaio ◽  
Conceição de Maria Albuquerque Alves
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT Giving some specific precipitation regimes and technical design parameters, urban Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHS) may represent an alternative source to drinking water supply system promoting its conservation and rational use. The use of RWHS requires the definition of generic and simplified method for sizing RWHS accumulation tanks, which is has being considered the most expensive component of the system. Additionally, several methods have being used to define reservoir volumes leading to a wide variety of final reservoir volumes many of them over estimated. The main objective of this article is to present a new methodology to define RWHS reservoir volumes considering technical and economic viabilities of the systems. The proposed methodology was incorporated into a Decision Support System (DSS), named SARA. The method provides an alternative way to define smaller RWHS reservoir volumes once it accepts lower levels of reliabilities giving that the RWHS is considered a complimentary system, better suited for urban areas. RWHS design diagrams are built as a result of the methodology in an attempt to offer a tool to initial and rapid design of reservoir volumes for RWSH. The method was applied to different urban areas in Brazil.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Flood Reduction in Residential Urban Areas

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Lorena Liuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Area Of Study

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have many benefits being an effective alternative water supply solution, not only in arid and semi-arid regions. Also, these systems can be useful in the reduction of flood risk in urban areas. Nevertheless, most of the studies in literature focused on the potential of RWH in reducing water consumption, whereas few examples examined their efficiency in the retention of stormwater in flood-susceptible residential areas. The aim of this work was to investigate the reliability of RWH systems in terms of stormwater retention. Specifically, the performance of RWH tanks to supply water for toilet flushing, in more than 400 single-family houses in a residential area of Sicily (Southern Italy) was analyzed. The area of study was chosen due to its high susceptibility to flooding. A flushing water demand pattern was defined using water consumption data collected during a measurement campaign. The yield-after-spillage algorithm was used to simulate the daily water balance of the RWH tanks. The effect of the RWH implementation on flood volumes in the area of study was quantified using FLO-2D. Results point out that the potential of neighborhood RWH installation in the mitigation of flood risk is highly related to rainfall amount.

A Cohesive 3-R Approach for Domestic Water Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 597-603
Author(s):  
NeethaDelphin Mary K ◽  
Murali Mohan N ◽  
Vijayalakshmi P
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Alternative Water

Water is critical for all life on the planet. Rapid industrialization and urbanization has caused India to face a water crisis since it has only 4 percent of the world’s water resources. In order to resolve the crisis, India has to look for alternative water resources which may include rainwater harvesting, grey water and sewage reuse and desalination. Grey water is defined as waste water generated from the bathroom, laundry and kitchens. Nearly 70 percent of the water used in households results in grey water which can be treated using simple technology and reused. Reuse of grey water reduces the fresh water requirements and reduces the amount of sewage sent to treatment plants. An integrated approach is needed to manage the water and waste water treatment so that water supply is kept clean and waste water is recycled for beneficial use in agriculture and industry. Water and energy are important resources in the 21st century. Water is required to supply energy, and energy is required to supply water. The reclamation of wastewater can contribute significantly to the conservation of water and energy resources. Wastewater reclamation and reuse can relieve water scarcity. Reclaimed wastewater can be substituted for natural water. Wastewater is now extensively recognized as an important source of water in water-scarce countries. In recent years not only the threats of improper greywater management have been recognized; there is an increasing international recognition that greywater reuse, if properly done, has a great potential as alternative water source for purposes such as irrigation, toilet flushing, car washing and others.

scholarly journals A Review of Roof and Pond Rainwater Harvesting System: The Design, Performance and Way Forward

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnna Aishah Zabidi ◽  
Hui Weng Goh ◽  
Chun Kiat Chang ◽  
Ngai Weng Chan ◽  
Nor Azazi Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
The Many ◽  
Equatorial Climate

This paper reviews the design and component of two types of RWHS, namely roof harvesting system (RHS) and pond harvesting system (PHS). The performance in terms of quantity and quality of collected rainwater and energy consumption for RWHS with different capacities were evaluated, as well as the benefits and challenges particularly in environmental, economic and social aspects. Presently, RHS is more commonly applied but its effectiveness is limited by its small scale. The PHS is of larger scale and has greater potentials and effectiveness as an alternative water supply system. Results also indicate the many advantages of PHS especially in terms of economics, environmental aspects and volume of water harvested. While RHS may be suited to individual or existing buildings, PHS has greater potentials and should be applied in newly developed urban areas with wet equatorial climate.

scholarly journals Integrated groundwater resource management in the peri-urban area of Banguntapan, Bantul

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Ignasius Loyola Setyawan Purnama ◽  
Sekar Dinul Salamah ◽  
Kartika Ayu Wandari ◽  
Vincentia Anindha Primacintya
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Safe Yield ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Special Region

Banguntapan District in Bantul Regency is one of the peri-urban areas in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The peri-urban area is an area located between the urban (Jogja City) and the rural (Bantul Regency). As a result of this strategic location, the development of this district is very rapidly marked by the growth of settlements, which in turn further requires water for housing purposes.The purpose of this research is to formulate an integrated water resources management model in the study area. To achieve this goal dynamic modeling is used. The model obtained was then simulated using the Powersim 2.5c computer program. Management efforts that can be carried out in this district are reducing groundwater use through saving water use and increasing water use from local water companies. Simulation results show that the combination of these two methods will slow down the time the safe yield will be exceeded, from 2039 to 2049.

scholarly journals Electric Mobility in Cities: The Case of Vienna

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Amela Ajanovic ◽  
Marina Siebenhofer ◽  
Reinhard Haas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Developments

Environmental problems such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions are especially challenging in urban areas. Electric mobility in different forms may be a solution. While in recent years a major focus was put on private electric vehicles, e-mobility in public transport is already a very well-established and mature technology with a long history. The core objective of this paper is to analyze the economics of e-mobility in the Austrian capital of Vienna and the corresponding impact on the environment. In this paper, the historical developments, policy framework and scenarios for the future development of mobility in Vienna up to 2030 are presented. A major result shows that in an ambitious scenario for the deployment of battery electric vehicles, the total energy demand in road transport can be reduced by about 60% in 2030 compared to 2018. The major conclusion is that the policies, especially subsidies and emission-free zones will have the largest impact on the future development of private and public e-mobility in Vienna. Regarding the environmental performance, the most important is to ensure that a very high share of electricity used for electric mobility is generated from renewable energy sources.

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