scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Pasteurella multocida isolated from chicken in Ado-Ekiti metropolis

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atere Victor ◽  
Bamikole Mathew ◽  
Oluyege Adekemi ◽  
Ajurojo Ayo ◽  
Alo Odunayo
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Fowl Cholera ◽  
Peptone Water

Pasteurella multocida is a poultry bacterial pathogen causing fowl cholera in chicken. The prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of P. multocida isolates from freshly dead chicken were determined. Ninety seven (97) freshly dead chicken from 23 different farms were analyzed for the presence of P. multocida. Swabs of the trachea and the liver of the necropsied chicken were activated on buffered peptone water and later cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Pure culture of organisms were subjected to cultural and biochemical characterization. In vitro susceptibility of the pure isolates of P. multocida against 12 antimicrobial agents was determined using disk diffusion method. Twelve isolates of P. multocida were recovered from the chicken, with a prevalence of 12.4%. Nine of the isolates were recovered from the trachea and three from the liver. All the 12 isolates recovered from the birds were multi-resistant to the antibiotics used in this research. The antibiogram showed that all the isolates resisted ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulinate, doxycycline and tylosine. Nitrofuratoin and gentamycin had the best antimicrobial activity with 25% and 50% resistance respectively. The resistance of other antibiotics are: Ofloxacin 75%, Ciprofloxacin 83.3%, Enrofloxacin 75%, Furasol 66.7%, Ceftazidime 91.7% and Cefuroxime 66.7%. This result showed that there is an emergence of multi- resistance in P. multocida, therefore it is important to carry out sensitivity test before administration of antibiotics in order to control fowl cholera. 

scholarly journals In Vitro Efficacy of Essential Oils from Melaleuca Alternifolia and Rosmarinus Officinalis, Manuka Honey-based Gel, and Propolis as Antibacterial Agents Against Canine Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Strains

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Gabriele Meroni ◽  
Elena Cardin ◽  
Charlotte Rendina ◽  
Valentina Rafaela Herrera Millar ◽  
Joel Fernando Soares Filipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Tea Tree

Essential oils (EOs) and honeybee products (e.g., honey and propolis) are natural mixtures of different volatile compounds that are frequently used in traditional medicine and for pathogen eradication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) EO (TTEO), Rosmarinus officinalis EO (ROEO), manuka-based gel, and propolis against 23 strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) isolated from canine pyoderma. Antimicrobial resistance screening was assessed using a panel of nine antimicrobial agents coupled with a PCR approach. An aromatogram was done for both EOs, using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for all the compounds. Among the 23 SP strains, 14 (60.9%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 11 strains (47.8%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSP), and 9 (39.1%) were non-MDR. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone for Melaleuca and Rosmarinus were 24.5 ± 8.8 mm and 15.2 ± 8.9 mm, respectively, resulting as statistically different (p = 0.0006). MIC values of TTEO and ROEO were similar (7.6 ± 3.2% and 8.9 ± 2.1%, respectively) and no statistical significances were found. Honeybee products showed lower MIC compared to those of EOs, 0.22 ± 0.1% for Manuka and 0.8 ± 0.5% for propolis. These findings reveal a significant antibacterial effect for all the tested products.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from swine and poultry

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglárka Sellyei ◽  
Zsuzsanna Varga ◽  
Katalin Szentesi-Samu ◽  
Éva Kaszanyitzky ◽  
Tibor Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Wide Range

Pasteurella multocida causes infectious diseases in a wide range of animal species. Antimicrobial therapy is still an effective tool for treatment. Generally, P. multocida isolates are susceptible to most of the widely used commercial antimicrobial agents but their excessive and unjustified use accelerates the emergence of resistant strains. We defined the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of 56 P. multocida strains isolated from poultry (20) and swine [16 P. multocida toxin (PMT) positive and 20 PMT negative] to 16 widely applied antibiotics (apramycin, cefquinome, chloramphenicol, colistin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, neomycin, oxolinic acid, penicillin, trimethoprim potentiated sulphamethoxazole, sulphonamide compounds, tetracycline, tulathromycin) by the disk diffusion method. The majority of the strains was susceptible to most of the antimicrobial agents tested. However, the resistance to sulphonamides, tetracyclines, first-generation quinolones and aminoglycosides was remarkable, and thus the use of these compounds for the treatment of infection caused by P. multocida is not recommended. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activity of the classical penicillin, the newer macrolide (tulathromycin), the third-generation fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacin) and the fourth-generation cephalosporin (cefquinome) proved to be satisfactory against this bacterium.

Ceftazidime/avibactam and eravacycline susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in two Greek tertiary teaching hospitals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chatzidimitriou ◽  
Panagiota Chatzivasileiou ◽  
Georgios Sakellariou ◽  
MariaAnna Kyriazidi ◽  
Asimoula Kavvada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Tertiary Teaching

AbstractThe present study evaluated the carbapenem resistance mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in two Greek tertiary teaching hospitals and their susceptibility to currently used and novel antimicrobial agents.Forty-seven carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae strains were collected in G. Papanikolaou and Ippokrateio hospital of Thessaloniki between 2016 and 2018. Strain identification and antimicrobial susceptibility was conducted by Vitek 2 system (Biomérieux France). Susceptibility against new antimicrobial agents was examined by disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect blaKPC, blaVIM, blaNDM and blaOXA-48 genes.The meropenem–EDTA and meropenem–boronic acid synergy test performed on the 24 K. pneumoniae strains demonstrated that 8 (33.3%) yielded positive for metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) and 16 (66.6%) for K. pneumonia carbapenemases (KPC) production. Colistin demonstrated the highest in vitro activity (87.7%) among the 47 K. pneumoniae strains followed by gentamicin (76.5%) and tigecycline (51%). Among new antibiotics ceftazidime/avibactam showed the highest sensitivity (76.6%) in all strains followed by eravacycline (66.6%). The blaKPC gene was present in 30 strains (63.8%), the blaNDM in 11 (23.4%) and the blaVIM in 6 (12.8%). The blaOXA-48 gene was not detected.Well established antimicrobial agents such as colistin, gentamicin and tigecycline and novel antibiotics like ceftazidime/avibactam and eravacycline can be reliable options for the treatment of invasive infections caused by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of flavobacteria as determined by agar dilution and disk diffusion methods.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Chang ◽  
P R Hsueh ◽  
J J Wu ◽  
S W Ho ◽  
W C Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Agar Dilution

A total of 106 clinical isolates of flavobacteria, including 41 isolates of Flavobacterium meningosepticum, 59 of Flavobacterium indologenes, and 6 of Flavobacterium odoratum were collected from January 1992 to December 1995 from patients in Taiwan. The in vitro activities of antimicrobial agents were determined concomitantly by the standard agar dilution and disk diffusion methods. More than 90% of the flavobacterial isolates were resistant to cephalothin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, aztreonam, imipenem, aminoglycosides, erythromycin, and glycopeptides. The majority of F. meningosepticum isolates were susceptible to piperacillin and to minocycline but resistant to ceftazidime, with MICs at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited being 8, 4, and > 128 microg/ml, respectively. Approximately half of the F. indologenes isolates were susceptible to piperacillin, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, and minocycline, with MICs at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited being 4, 16, 8, and 4 microg/ml, respectively. The majority of F. odoratum isolates were resistant to all the antimicrobial agents tested except minocycline, to which five of six isolates were susceptible. With least-squares regression analysis and error rate-bounded analysis methods, the following resistant and susceptible zone diameter breakpoints were established: < or = 12 and > or = 17 mm, respectively, for piperacillin against F. meningosepticum and F. indologenes; < or = 13 and > or = 18 mm, respectively, for ceftazidime against F. meningosepticum and F. indologenes, < or = 17 and > or = 21 mm, respectively, for ofloxacin against F. indologenes; < or = 16 and > or = 20 mm, respectively, for ciprofloxacin against F. meningosepticum. Valid breakpoints for the disk diffusion method could not be established for cefoperazone and ofloxacin against F. meningosepticum and for minocycline against F. meningosepticum and F. indologenes due to a poor correlation coefficient for the regression line or for cefoperazone and ciprofloxacin against F. indologenes due to the presence of remarkable error rates.

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of 7-Substituted-6-Fluoroquinolone and 7-Substituted-6,8-Difluoroquinolone Derivatives

Chemotherapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Socorro Leyva-Ramos ◽  
Denisse de Loera ◽  
Jaime Cardoso-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Fluoroquinolones are widely prescribed synthetic antimicrobial agents. Quinolones act by converting their targets, gyrase and topoisomerase IV, into toxic enzymes that fragment the bacterial chromosome; the irreversible DNA damage eventually causes the killing of bacteria. Thorough knowledge of the structure-activity relationship of quinolones is essential for the development of new drugs with improved activity against resistant strains. Methods: The compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against 4 representing strains using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone using concentrations between 250 and 0.004 μg/mL. Results: MIC of derivatives 2, 3, and 4 showed potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The effective concentrations were 0.860 μg/mL or lower. MIC for compounds 5-11 were between 120 and 515 μg/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and substituted hydrazinoquinolones 7-10 showed poor antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria compared with other quinolones. Conclusion: Compounds obtained by modifications on C-7 of norfloxacin with the acetylated piperazinyl, halogen atoms, and substituted hydrazinyl showed good in vitro activity - some even better than the original compound.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile of Organisms Isolated from Patients with Conjunctivitis in Katihar, Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1079-1082
Author(s):  
Priya Sinha ◽  
Sangeeta Dey ◽  
Aninda Sen ◽  
Kahkashan Akhter ◽  
Alok Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College

BACKGROUND Conjunctivitis is one of the most common nontraumatic eye complaints and is one of the most frequently reported diseases in the outpatient and emergency departments. Bacterial conjunctivitis has been reported as one of the most common type of infectious conjunctivitis after viral infections. It is also considered as the primary cause of acute conjunctivitis in children. This study was conducted to isolate and identify organisms causing bacterial conjunctivitis and to determine their in vitro susceptibility or resistance. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted in the Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology at Katihar Medical College from December 2018 to May 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from 175 patients using structured questionnaire. External ocular specimens were collected using sterile swabs and inoculated on blood agar, MacConkey’s agar and chocolate agar. Presumptive isolates were further identified by a series of biochemical tests. All isolated organisms were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility against various antibiotics using the Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. RESULTS A total of 175 samples were collected, out of which, 62.8 % (110 / 175) showed growth of bacteria. Maximum cases of bacterial conjunctivitis were seen in the age group 11 - 20 years. The male to female ratio was 2.7:1. Maximum frequency of bacterial conjunctivitis was observed from May to September. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria isolate 65.5 % (72 / 110) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis 19.1 % (21 / 110). Most of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be sensitive to moxifloxacin 98.6 % (71 / 72) and gentamicin 95.8 % (69 / 72). 25 % (18 / 72) of Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be resistant to cefoxitin and were considered as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Maximum numbers of gram-negative strains were sensitive to moxifloxacin 100.0 % (9 / 9) followed by tobramycin 88.9 % (8 / 9). Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showed maximum sensitivity to moxifloxacin 100.0 (8 / 8) followed by ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin 62.5 % (5 / 8). CONCLUSIONS This study provides an insight into the organisms isolated from cases of bacterial conjunctivitis in Katihar District of Bihar. Determining the susceptibility pattern of these pathogens to available antibiotics is crucial for effective management of bacterial conjunctivitis especially when treatment has to be given empirically. KEY WORDS Bacterial Conjunctivitis, Antibiogram

scholarly journals Anti-microbial activity of heterocyclic cationic surface-active substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
V. V. Pantyo ◽  
M. M. Fizer ◽  
O. I. Fizer ◽  
G. M. Koval ◽  
E.M. Danko
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Ionic Associates ◽  
Surface Active

Annotation. The development and rapid pace of the spread of resistance to antimicrobial agents predetermines the search for new methods of counteracting pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. In this context, studies of the antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized chemicals, which in the future can be considered as candidates for antiseptic and disinfectants, are relevant. The aim of the work was to determine the antimicrobial activity of new ionic associates based on the surface-active cetylpyridinium cation with respect to certain opportunistic microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of four ionic associates based on the cetylpyridinium cation with respect to clinical isolates of E. coli, P. vulgaris, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, as well as the collection test strains of S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 29522 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was studied. Screening studies were performed by the disk diffusion method. With substances that showed an antimicrobial effect, quantitative studies were carried out by the method of serial macro-dilutions in a liquid nutrient media. Screening studies revealed the antibacterial activity of the substances against E. coli ATCC 25923, E. coli (clinical isolate), P. vulgaris and K. pneumonia. With these microorganisms quantitative studies were carried out with the determination of the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations. The most pronounced antimicrobial activity for the investigated microflora was shown by tetraphenylborate and cetylpyridinium perchlorate. The MIC and MBC values of these substances ranged between 1.625–3.125 mmol / L and 3.125–12.5 mmol / L, respectively. The studied associates showed high antimicrobial activity against representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family in in vitro studies. Promising is the further study of the effect of the counter-anion associates of cationic surfactants on the biofilm formation of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms.

Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Some Potential 2,6-disubstituted 1H-Benzimidazoles; Non-Classical Antifolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Harer ◽  
Manish Bhatia ◽  
Vikram Kawade
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

Background: Dihydrofolate reductase is one of the important enzymes for thymidylate and purine synthesis in micro-organisms. A large number of drugs have been designed to inhibit microbial DHFR but over the period of time, some drugs have developed resistance and cross reactivity towards the enzyme. Over the past few decades, benzimidazoles, triazoles and their derivatives have been grabbing the attention of the synthetic chemists for their wide gamut of antibacterial and antifungal activities targeting microbial protein DHFR. Objective: Our goal behind present investigation is to explore benzimidazoles class of drugs as microbial DHFR inhibitors by studying ligand-receptor binding interactions, in vitro enzyme inhibition assay and confirmation of anti-microbial activity against selected pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: A library containing thirty novel 2,6-disubstituted 1H-benzimidazoles was synthesized by one pot condensation of o-nitro aniline or 2,4-dinitro aniline with series of aldehydes or acetophenones using Na2S2O4 or SnCl2 respectively and reflux for 5-6hr. Structures of compounds have been confirmed by spectroscopic methods as 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR and MS. In vitro DHFR inhibition study was performed by using Epoch microplate reader and IC50 of the test compounds was compared with Trimethoprim. In vitro antimicrobial activity was performed against selected clinical pathogens by agar disk diffusion method and MIC (µg/mL) was reported. Results: Moderate to good level of DHFR inhibition was observed with IC50 values in the range of 7-23 µM. Compounds B1, B19, B22, B24 and B30 expressed 1.1 to 1.4 folds more prominent DHFR inhibitory activity as compared to standard Trimethoprim. Remarkable antimicrobial activity was exhibited by B1, B19, B22, B24 and B30. Molecular docking study revealed perfect binding of test ligands with key amino acids of DHFR as Phe31, Ile94, Ile5, Asp27, Gln32 and Phe36. Conclusion: Nature of 1H-benzimidazole substituents at position 2 and 6 had influence over magnitude and type of molecular binding and variation in the biological activity. The present series of 1H-benzimidazoles could be considered promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial candidates that deserve in future for preclinical antimicrobial evaluation and development of newer antimicrobial agents targeting microbial DHFR.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of 28 Antimicrobial Agents against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Tertiary-Care Hospitals in Korea: a Nationwide Survey

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1124-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Bin Kim ◽  
Hee-Chang Jang ◽  
Hee Jung Nam ◽  
Yeong Seon Lee ◽  
Bong Su Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in both hospitals and the community, has been particularly efficient at developing resistance to antimicrobial agents. As methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has prevailed and, furthermore, as S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin has emerged, the therapeutic options for the treatment of S. aureus infections have become limited. To update the current status of antibiotic resistance, clinical S. aureus isolates were collected from eight university-affiliated hospitals from June 1999 to January 2001. Susceptibility tests with 28 antibiotics were performed by the disk diffusion method. Among a total of 682 isolates, the methicillin resistance rate was 64% (439 of 682), and most of the MRSA isolates were resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. Although a constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotype was common, no isolates were resistant to quinupristin-dalfopristin or linezolid. Rifampin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and arbekacin showed superior in vitro activity compared with the other antibiotics against the MRSA isolates. No isolates showed reduced susceptibility to vancomycin.

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