scholarly journals Integrated framework for enhancing earthquake risk mitigationn decisions

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Temitope Egbelakin ◽  
◽  
Suzanne Wilkinson ◽  
Jason Ingham ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Seismic Rehabilitation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Protective Behaviours ◽  
Seismic Mitigation

The increasing scale of losses from earthquake disasters has reinforced the need for property owners to become proactive in seismic risk reduction programs. However, despite advancement in seismic design methods and legislative frameworks, building owners are found unwilling or lack motivation to adopt adequate mitigation measures that will reduce their vulnerability to earthquake disasters. Various theories and empirical findings have been used to explain the adoption of protective behaviours including seismic mitigation decisions, but their application has been inadequate to enhance building owners’ protective decisions. A holistic framework that incorporates the motivational orientations of decision-making, coupled with the social, cultural, economic, regulatory, institutional and political realms of earthquake risk mitigation to enhance building owners’ decisions to voluntarily implement adequate mitigation measures, is proposed. This framework attempts to address any multi-disciplinary barriers that exist in earthquake disaster management, by ensuring that stakeholders involved in seismic mitigation decisions work together to foster seismic rehabilitation of EPBs, as well as illuminate strategies that will initiate, promote and sustain the adoption of long-term earthquake mitigation.

scholarly journals STAKEHOLDERS' PRACTICES: A CHALLENGE TO EARTHQUAKE RISK MITIGATION DECISIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope EGBELAKIN ◽  
Suzanne WILKINSON ◽  
Regan POTANGAROA ◽  
James ROTIMI
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Earthquake Insurance ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Risk Preparedness ◽  
Earthquake Risk Mitigation

Enhancing building owners’ earthquake risk preparedness has been a major challenge in many seismically active regions. Many property owners are found unwilling to adopt adequate risk mitigation measures in their earthquake-prone buildings, despite the availability of various technical design solutions and the enactment of intervening legislative frameworks necessary to facilitate successful earthquake risk preparedness. This paper examined the rationale behind building owners’ unwillingness to adopt adequate mitigation measures with a view to improve current stakeholders’ practices in earthquake risk mitigation. Using a mixed-method approach, comprising both qualitative and quantitative methods, an examination of the decision-making process and different stakeholders involved in earthquake risk mitigation and the property market, provided insights into the causal agents and stakeholder practices that pose challenges to property owners’ mitigation decisions. Stake-holder practices acting as impediments revealed are property valuation assessment of retrofitted and non-retrofitted EPBs, lack of demand for improved performance in older buildings, high earthquake insurance policy premiums and deductibles, and lack of a risk assessment information system. An in-depth understanding of these challenges highlights the need for a holistic approach that should incorporate market-based incentives necessary for successful earthquake preparedness by building owners, and for designing effective strategies for improving earthquake risk mitigation.

Economic impediments to successful seismic retrofitting decisions

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Egbelakin ◽  
Suzanne Wilkinson ◽  
Jason Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Earthquake Risk Mitigation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine why building owners are often reluctant to adopt adequate mitigation measures despite the vulnerability of their buildings to earthquake disasters, by exploring the economic-related barriers to earthquake mitigation decisions. Design/methodology/approach – A case study research method was adopted and interviews chosen as the method of data collection. Findings – Critical economic-related impediments that inhibited seismic retrofitting of earthquake-prone buildings were revealed in this study. Economic-related barriers identified include perception about financial involvement in retrofitting, property market conditions, high insurance premiums and deductibles, and the high cost of retrofitting. The availability of financial incentives such as low interest loans, tax deductibles, the implementation of a risk-based insurance premium scale and promoting increased knowledge and awareness of seismic risks and mitigation measures in the property market place are likely to address the economic-related challenges faced by property owners when undertaking seismic retrofitting projects. The provision of financial incentives specifically for seismic retrofitting should be introduced in policy-implementation programme tailored to local governments’ level of risks exposure and available resources. Practical implications – The recommendations provided in this study suggest strategies and answers to questions aimed at understanding the types of incentives that city councils and environmental hazard managers should focus on in their attempt to ensure that property owners actively participate in earthquake risk mitigation. Originality/value – This paper adopts a holistic perspective for investigating earthquake risk mitigation by examining the opinions of the different stakeholders involved in seismic retrofit decisions.

A reflection on survey research in hospitality

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 3412-3422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Dolnicar
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Survey research has developed to become the default empirical approach to answering research questions in the field of hospitality (and many other fields of research within the social sciences). This paper aims to reflect on the use of survey research in hospitality and offers recommendations for improvement. Design/methodology/approach First, known dangers to validity associated with survey research are discussed. Next, a sample of studies recently published in leading hospitality journals is assessed in view of these known dangers. Finally, recommendations are offered for editors, reviewers, readers and authors to mitigate the risk of drawing invalid conclusions based on survey research. Findings Survey research is very common in hospitality research and is used to investigate a wide range of research questions and constructs under study. The nature of constructs studied, the answer scales used and the nature of the samples point to a substantial risk to the validity of conclusions drawn. Practical implications A number of risk mitigation measures are proposed that can help authors minimise the risks to validity arising from known dangers associated with survey research. These same risk mitigation measures can be used by editors and reviewers in the assessment of manuscripts and by readers to evaluate the validity of conclusions drawn in already published work. Originality/value The value of this study lies in reflecting from a distance on how the survey research is conducted in the social sciences in general and in hospitality research in specific. The paper reveals that some routine approaches particularly prone to undermining the validity of conclusions may have been adopted and offers a few suggestions how this risk can be mitigated.

Study on Social Stability Risk Analysis for Nuclear Power Projects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Rongxu ◽  
Zhao Feng ◽  
Wang Haifeng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
The Social ◽  
Power Project

In this paper, the social stability risk analysis of nuclear power projects is carried out, and the working process of social stability risk analysis and risk evaluation index system of social stability is established. The social stability risk analysis of nuclear power plant in Guangdong province was taken as an example to introduce the application in this paper, at the same time for the current nuclear power project should focus on risk points to put forward risk mitigation measures and recommendations. This study can provide theoretical support and technical support for the social stability risk analysis of nuclear power projects, and provide decision support for the construction of nuclear power projects.

scholarly journals Development of a global seismic risk model

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 372-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Silva ◽  
Desmond Amo-Oduro ◽  
Alejandro Calderon ◽  
Catarina Costa ◽  
Jamal Dabbeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Earthquake Model ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Vulnerability Functions ◽  
Regional Programs

Since 2015, the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation and its partners have been supporting regional programs and bilateral collaborations to develop an open global earthquake risk model. These efforts led to the development of a repository of probabilistic seismic hazard models, a global exposure dataset comprising structural and occupancy information regarding the residential, commercial and industrial buildings, and a comprehensive set of fragility and vulnerability functions for the most common building classes. These components were used to estimate probabilistic earthquake risk globally using the OpenQuake-engine, an open-source software for seismic hazard and risk analysis. This model allows estimating a number of risk metrics such as annualized average losses or aggregated losses for particular return periods, which are fundamental to the development and implementation of earthquake risk mitigation measures.

FEASIBILITY AND PROBLEMS OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER REDUCTION MEASURES BASED ON ACTIVE FAULT DATA

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
TERUMOTO KIYOMINE ◽  
NAKABAYASHI ITSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

Active fault data have been more widely and closely investigated and extensive data have also been collected. However, there are only a few examples related to land use planning for disaster reduction measures based on active fault data. The purpose of this study is (1) to categorize the disaster reduction measures, and (2) to examine problems and important factors for promoting disaster reduction measures based on a questionnaire survey. The cases of the measures that are able to be distinguished included building restriction, nonconstruction restriction, and risk communication. The questionnaire survey was conducted with the residents of Yokosuka city. The results of analyses showed that disaster reduction measures based on active fault data tended to be approximately accepted. Other results indicated that as the public's understanding related to earthquake risk and risk mitigation measures increases, the awareness of risk reduction measures based on active fault data is promoted, and the objectives of disaster reduction measures would be realized.

scholarly journals An analysis of COVID-19 economic measures and attitudes: evidence from social media mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Domalewska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Negative Sentiment

AbstractThis paper explores the public perception of economic measures implemented as a reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland in March–June 2020. A mixed-method approach was used to analyse big data coming from tweets and Facebook posts related to the mitigation measures to provide evidence for longitudinal trends, correlations, theme classification and perception. The online discussion oscillated around political and economic issues. The implementation of the anti-crisis measures triggered a barrage of criticism pointing out the shortcomings and ineffectiveness of the solutions. The revised relief legislation was accompanied by a wide-reaching informative campaign about the relief package, which decreased negative sentiment. The analysis also showed that with regard to online discussion about risk mitigation, social media users are more concerned about short-term economic and social effects rather than long-term effects of the pandemic. The findings have significant implications for the understanding of public sentiment related to the COVID-19 pandemic, economic attitudes and relief support implemented to fight the adverse effects of the pandemic.

Social Issues in Wind Power Projects in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Ota ◽  
Manish Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Areas Of Concern

In the quest to increase dependence on non-conventional energy sources, India over the past few years has laid additional emphasis on the renewable sector. Within the renewable sector, wind power has emerged as the single-largest energy contributor in the country. The sector has been appreciated for having limited adverse implications on local communities, environment and ecology. However, off late, studies on individual projects and analysis of available sectoral data reveal that there are critical environmental and social (E&S) issues that the wind power sector needs to address. The present article, based on the review of available literature (articles/case studies, newspaper clippings, books and E&S Impact Assessment reports), has identified the key social issues affecting the sector. Based on discussions with renewable energy specialists and an assessment of available mitigation measures, recommendations have been proposed to address the identified areas of concern. It is believed that addressing the social issues of concern in the present article will contribute towards promoting socially responsible and long-term generation of renewable power in consonance with the renewable and wind power policies of India.

Finance and the social mission: a quest for sustainability and inclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
Munacinga Simatele ◽  
Phindile Dlamini
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Group Lending ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mission Drift ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Management Approaches

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to probe whether the quest for sustainability in financial social enterprise institutions leads to mission drift. Both formal and informal institutions play an important role as interventions to promote inclusion. They struggle between an explicit social mission and the implicit quest for sustainability. The debate remains on whether such organisations can achieve financial sustainability without compromising outreach. Design/methodology/approach The study uses interviews and focus group discussions in nine different hybrid organisations involved in providing different types of financial services in Swaziland. Findings The results suggest that smaller and informal enterprises tend to have less mission drift. Their risk mitigation and management approaches such as group liability and use of traditional governance structures are more adapted to the characteristics of the groups served. The modus operandi of larger enterprises tends to mimic mainstream lenders with risk mitigation measures that are inherently unsustainable for this type of market. Research limitations/implications Sustainability in financial enterprises requires new contextualised models of risk management and client selection more appropriate for excluded groups. Moreover, using group lending as a measure of outreach maybe flawed. Other forms of social capital can be used to increase outreach even in the absence of group lending. The perceived trade-off between commercial gain and outreach is somewhat complex. Mission drift seems to depend on the capital structure. Originality/value The paper contributes to an infant but important debate on how sustainability can be achieved without compromising outreach in financial institutions designed to increase financial inclusion.

MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX SOCIAL HUMAN SECURITY SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Inga Uriadnikova ◽  
◽  
Vasyl Zaplatynskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Social System ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: scientific substantiation of social security based on the principles of management of complex systems and an example of the application of mathematical modeling to determine internal risks in a complex social system.. Methods: use of elements of mathematical modeling, in particular the theory of optimal control and linear programming; analysis of the content of the concept of “security paradox”, logical-determinant assessment of this concept. Results: it is proposed to apply the principles of management of complex systems to ensure the social security of groups of people and society. An example of the application of mathematical modeling to determine internal risks in a complex social system is given. In order to ensure the proper functioning of risk mitigation measures in complex social systems, it is proposed to introduce compensatory risks, which may be penalties or other measures that can be considered as specifically introduced risks for individuals. The introduction of external protection against a number of dangers can provoke the emergence of a “security paradox”, the essence of which is to reduce the personal activity of counteracting risk by relying on external protection. Effective social security requires the development of a culture of security, morality, worldview and legislative measures.. Scientific novelty: the use of elements of mathematical modeling for risk assessment in the social security management system is proposed; introduced the concept of “security paradox”, which arises when security is moved from the individual to the collective level. The use of principles of management of complex systems for social security is offered. Practical significance: The use of a systematic approach and principles of management of complex systems in ensuring the security of society will identify the most important risks and focus on their prevention, prevention or reduction. An example of mathematical modeling is proposed to assess the internal risks of the social system.

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