INNOVATIVE PRE-FABRICATED CONNECTORS FOR BAMBOO ARCHITECTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supreedee Rittironk
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Sustainable Architecture ◽  
Bamboo Architecture

Bamboo is the natural construction material that has become the trend for the sustainable architecture, due to its renewability. Bamboo connections are considered the most difficult process that consumes construction time. This study is the design experiment how innovative connections can expedite the fabrication and their performance. The study deals with the design of connection prototypes for bamboo framing and tests their performance in actual construction. Connectors are designed into the receivers and the nozzles. Receivers act like the female connector. They are receptors at foundation to transfer loads to ground. The nozzles are the male connector that looks like an extruder attached to the end of structural members to connect to the receivers. Nozzles are offered in both a single culm and split bundles. The experiment also designed the straps for bamboo splits, to wrap the split together into one bundle. Steel connectors are introduced to initiate the bamboo construction as pre-fabrication process, yet the strength of connections is maintained. These prototypes are also applied to actual construction to verify the constructability, performance, and architectural applications. It is found that connectors are effective to minimize construction time, but still have other limitation. The study took lesson learned to design more permanent connectors to solve all restricted issues. Finally, innovative connectors were created into many variety forms for fabrication. They can also perform greatly in strength and attractive look. These findings can motivate architects to explore possibility for bamboo architecture in pre-fabrication process, and to be more innovatively and effectively.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF A SANDBAR BREAKWATER, LEKKI, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Bart-Jan van der Spek ◽  
Bas van de Sande ◽  
Eelco Bijl ◽  
Cypriaan Hendrikse ◽  
Sanne Poortman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
West African ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Coastal Retreat ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Port Infrastructure

The nature-based concept of the Sandbar Breakwater was born based on the typical natural dynamics of the West African coast (Gulf of Guinea). Learning from the development and coastal impact of the existing port infrastructure in West Africa, the application of sand as a construction material for marine infrastructure seemed very obvious. Along this coast, ports experience heavy sedimentation at the western updrift side of the breakwaters, leading to the rapid burying of valuable armour rock. The Sandbar Breakwater concept is based on this principle by using natural accretion as the basis for the port protection. Such a concept is advantageous as a large sediment drift naturally supplements the sand lling works during construction and the required rock volumes are reduced signicantly, saving construction time and minimising the environmental impact. To counteract the downdrift coastal retreat, a replenishable sand engine completes the scheme. The realisation of a Sandbar Breakwater at Lekki, Nigeria, in 2018, with subsequent safe and continuous port operations, proves the feasibility of the concept. Sustainable future development is further pursued by integrated maintenance campaigns following the Building with Nature principles to guarantee the operability of the port while preserving the alongshore sediment balance and minimising the environmental impact.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/-1wCqqB9f8E

ANN Application in the Field of Structural Concrete

2011 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Juan L. Pérez ◽  
Mª Isabel Martínez ◽  
Manuel F. Herrador
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Ann Application

Artificial Intelligence (AI) mechanisms are more and more frequently applied to all sorts of civil engineering problems. New methods and algorithms which allow civil engineers to use these techniques in a different way on diverse problems are available or being made available. One AI techniques stands out over the rest: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Their most remarkable traits are their ability to learn, the possibility of generalization and their tolerance towards mistakes. These characteristics make their use viable and cost-efficient in any field in general, and in Structural Engineering in particular. The most extended construction material nowadays is concrete, mainly because of its high resistance and its adaptability to formwork during its fabrication process. Along this chapter we will find different applications of ANNs to structural concrete.

scholarly journals Solutions to enhance technology in the fabrication process and installation of marine pipelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Konstantin Nickolaevich Sakhno ◽  
Manh Do Tat ◽  
Hoang Bui Sy ◽  
Vladimir Muratovich Tsaloev ◽  
Peyvand Ahmad Saadati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Straight Pipe ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Welded Pipe ◽  
Total Labour ◽  
Permissible Deviation

The article describes possible solutions of the problem connected with shortening shipbuilding construction time as well as reducing production costs. To reduce the total amount of labour involved in the manufacture and installation of ship piping systems, which is 20% compared to the total labour volume of shipbuilding, authors provide the research on the possibility of manufacturing straight pipe sections with permissible deviations in combination with free flanges, analysis of deviation compensation for pipelines through the use of straight pipe sections manufactured with permissible tolerance and proposing new theoretical solutions to improve manufacturing and installing ship piping systems. Introduction of these technologies contributes to reduction of cycles of building and decrease in labour-intensiveness of pipeline works when carrying out marine orders. The chart of modeling the system of pipelines is presented. A straight pipe manufactured with an allowable deflection on a flat support and a loose flange attached to the end of the welded pipe are shown. The scheme of a permissible deviation α at mounting the connections between pipes is considered. The possibility of assembling curved pipelines using straight pipe sections is described in detail. The compensation zone is illustrated using the rotation of two pairs of deflected straight pipes. A block diagram of the application of research results in manufacturing and mounting a pipeline system has been developed

scholarly journals Comparison of Conventional and Advanced Concrete Technologies in terms of Construction Efficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matej Špak ◽  
Mária Kozlovská ◽  
Zuzana Struková ◽  
Renáta Bašková
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Precast Elements ◽  
Monolithic Structures ◽  
Construction Efficiency

Nowadays, high-performance concrete (HPC) and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) are ranked among advanced concrete technologies. The application of the mentioned advanced technologies may have potential to improve the construction efficiency from several points of view. For instance, reducing of construction time and construction material, construction quality improving, environmental impact minimizing, and increasing of both durability and lifetime of structures as well as reducing of total construction costs may be obtained. Particular advanced concrete technologies are described and the possibilities of their utilization in both monolithic structures and precast units are presented in the article. The main benefits of modern methods of construction (MMC) based on advanced concrete technologies application in precast elements production are presented. Regarding the selected aspects of construction efficiency assessment, a comparison of conventional and advanced concrete technologies that are applied in monolithic structures and precast units is made. The results of this comparison, estimated in semantic differential scale, are presented in the article. By the results of the comparison, the significance of applying the advanced concrete technologies in modern methods of concrete structures production is demonstrated in order to improve construction efficiency.

EFFECT OF CONCRETE CREEP ON THE SHORTENING OF VERTICAL ELEMENTS IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Chaaban ◽  
Ousama Baalbaki ◽  
Yehya Temsah
Keyword(s):  
Axial Stiffness ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Concrete Creep ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analytical Behavior

Vertical structural elements are commonly subjected to the time-dependent behavior effects caused by creep which causes shortening in these elements in the direction of the load being applied. Significant amount of creep takes place instantaneously with loading and carries on for the long-term dimensions. In high-rise buildings, the axial shortening in columns is inevitable, so it cannot be ignored. The shortening is differential between vertical structural members due to the difference in axial stiffness and load distribution areas on these elements. Conventional structural analysis assumes that all structural loads are instantaneously applied to the entire completed structure. The construction sequence and loading sequence may be different depending on the construction plan. Therefore, the actual structural behavior can be significantly different from the conventional analytical behavior based on the above assumption. The objective of this study is to highlight the effect of concrete creep behavior on the shortening of vertical elements specifically in high-rise buildings. In this study, we will be considering the ACI 209R-92 model. Based on experimental data, a procedure is developed to compute the elastic shortening due to creep. A 250 meters high-rise is studied taking into consideration the stress and modulus of elasticity depending its construction time and height.

scholarly journals Sandbar Breakwater: An Innovative Nature-Based Port Solution

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Bart-Jan van der Spek ◽  
Eelco Bijl ◽  
Bas van de Sande ◽  
Sanne Poortman ◽  
Dirk Heijboer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
West African ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Coastal Retreat ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Port Infrastructure

The nature-based concept of the Sandbar Breakwater was born based on the typical natural dynamics of the West African coast (Gulf of Guinea). Learning from the development and coastal impact of the existing port infrastructure in West Africa, the application of sand as a construction material for marine infrastructure seemed very obvious. Along this coast, ports experience heavy sedimentation at the western updrift side of the breakwaters, leading to the rapid burying of valuable armour rock. The Sandbar Breakwater concept is based on this principle by using natural accretion as the basis for the port protection. Such a concept is advantageous as a large sediment drift naturally supplements the sand filling works during construction and the required rock volumes are reduced significantly, saving construction time and minimising the environmental impact. To counteract the downdrift coastal retreat, a replenishable sand engine completes the scheme. The realisation of a Sandbar Breakwater at Lekki, Nigeria, in 2018, with subsequent safe and continuous port operations, proves the feasibility of the concept. Sustainable future development is further pursued by integrated maintenance campaigns following the Building with Nature principles to guarantee the operability of the port while preserving the alongshore sediment balance and minimising the environmental impact.

scholarly journals Hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled structural members

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1409-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilum Fernando ◽  
JG Teng ◽  
Joseph Gattas ◽  
Michael Heitzmann
Keyword(s):  
Axial Strain ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Wall Panel ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Hybrid Fibre ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
New Type ◽  
Thin Walled

The increasing interest in timber as a sustainable construction material has led to the development of a new type of structures referred to as ‘hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled structures’. In these structures, thin layers of fibre-reinforced polymer are combined with timber veneers to create high-performance, lightweight and easy-to-construct structural members. This new type of structural members harnesses the orthotropic properties of both timber and fibre-reinforced polymer by appropriately orientating material fibre directions for optimal composite properties as well as efficient thin-walled cross-sectional shapes. Hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled members can be used in many applications such as load-bearing walls, roofs, floor panels and bridge decks. This article describes several novel hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber structural member forms and presents results from a preliminary experimental investigation into the compressive behaviour of hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber wall panels. A comparison of behaviour between a hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber wall panel and a pure timber wall panel is presented to show that the hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber system significantly outperforms the pure timber system in terms of both load resistance and axial strain at failure.

Design Consideration of the Nonuniform Stress Distribution of Pultruded Structural Member under Compression

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 3564-3570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Woo Choi ◽  
Seong Sik Lee ◽  
Hyung Joong Joo ◽  
Chang Won Kim ◽  
Dong Min Ok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Structural Member ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Nonuniform Stress ◽  
New Construction

As a new construction material, fiber reinforced polymeric plastic structural shapes are readily available. Therefore, new construction and existing structure rehabilitation using FRP materials are ever increasing trend because of FRP material’s chemical and mechanical properties compared with those of conventional construction materials such as steel and concrete. Among the structural composites, pultruded fiber reinforced polymeric plastic structural members are the most popular for the civil engineering applications because of the cost effectiveness. However, they are made of fiber reinforced polymer resin system, they have relatively low modulus of elasticity and also cross-sections of structural shapes are composed of thin plate components such as flange and web. Therefore, structural stability is an important issue in the design of pultruded structural members. For the design of pultruded structural member under compression, buckling and post-buckling strengths of plate components may be taken into account. In the structural steel design following AISC/LRFD, in addition to the buckling strength, the nonuniform stress distribution in the section is incorporated with a form factor. In this paper, the form factor for the design of pultruded structural member under compression is investigated by experiment. Based on the experimental results, the form factor for the design of pultruded structural shapes have been suggested.

Form Factor for the Design of Pultruded FRP Structural Members under Compression

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2648-2651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Woo Choi ◽  
Seung Sik Lee ◽  
Hyung Joong Joo ◽  
Young Jong Sim ◽  
Soon Jong Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Post Buckling ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
Steel Design

As a new construction material, fiber reinforced polymeric plastic structural shapes are readily available. Therefore, construction and structure rehabilitation using FRP materials are an ever increasing trend because of FRP material’s superior chemical and mechanical properties compared with those of conventional construction materials such as steel and concrete. Among the FRP materials, pultruded fiber reinforced polymeric plastics are the most popular for civil engineering applications. However, it has relatively low modulus of elasticity and also cross-section of structural shapes is composed of plate components such as flange and web. Therefore, stability is an important issue in the design of pultruded structural shapes. For the design of pultruded structural member under compression, buckling and post-buckling strengths of plate components should be taken into account. In the structural steel design following AISC/ LRFD, this effect, in addition to the buckling strength, is incorporated with a form factor. In this research, the form factor for the design of pultruded structural shapes under compression is investigated. Based on the analytical study, the form factor for the design of pultruded structural shapes have been suggested.

Linewidth measurement using the low voltage SEM

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 652-653
Author(s):  
M.G. Rosenfield
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Linewidth Measurement ◽  
Threshold Technique ◽  
Scanning Electron

Minimum feature sizes in experimental integrated circuits are approaching 0.5 μm and below. During the fabrication process it is usually necessary to be able to non-destructively measure the critical dimensions in resist and after the various process steps. This can be accomplished using the low voltage SEM. Submicron linewidth measurement is typically done by manually measuring the SEM micrographs. Since it is desirable to make as many measurements as possible in the shortest period of time, it is important that this technique be automated.Linewidth measurement using the scanning electron microscope is not well understood. The basic intent is to measure the size of a structure from the secondary electron signal generated by that structure. Thus, it is important to understand how the actual dimension of the line being measured relates to the secondary electron signal. Since different features generate different signals, the same method of relating linewidth to signal cannot be used. For example, the peak to peak method may be used to accurately measure the linewidth of an isolated resist line; but, a threshold technique may be required for an isolated space in resist.

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