scholarly journals Education governance and privatization in Portugal: Media coverage on public and private education

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima Antunes ◽  
Sofia Viseu
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Education Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
The Right

This paper aims to discuss recent changes in Portugal’s education policy. Portugal offers an interesting scenario to study the different ways the economic crisis has brought new opportunities to strengthen the privatization agenda. We specifically focus on media coverage and the contractualization of education services with private schools through ‘association contracts’. In the 1980s the Portuguese State through these contracts financed private schools to operate in areas where the public offering was insufficient, thereby ensuring the public access to education and preventing marginalization. Nowadays, however, these contracts are seen as an ideological banner both for and against education privatization. We present an empirical study based on documental analysis of 180 news articles published in the Portuguese media on the changes in the contractualization of education services. The results show two main audiences sustaining distinct societal projects, comprised of a variety of actors, who are either for or against ‘association contracts’. The actors justify their positions based on their understanding of the State’s role in providing education, the policies involving the right to education and decreasing inequalities.

scholarly journals THE FIRST EDUCATION LAW IN ROMANIA AND THE EFFECTS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Cristina-Mirela BARABAȘ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Education Law ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Educational Policy ◽  
The Right

In modern Romania, the legal protection of the right to education has played an important role in the activity of government, parliament and political parties in general. A turning point in defining the national educational policy was the elaboration of the Public Education Law in 1864. By expressing the ideal of the revolutionary generations of 1848, this law addressed the principle of free and compulsory primary education. The progress of the Romanian society depended on applying this principle. On November 25, 1864, Al. I. Cuza enacted the Public Education Law, the first law to provide a unitary learning system for both principalities. The provisions of this law extended to both public and private educational institutions and regulated education at all levels (Bârsănescu and Bârsănescu, 1978). The fundamental principles of this law are: unitary and mandatory character, gratuity, and as a premiere in our legislation, equal access to education regardless of gender (Legea instrucţiunii publice, 1864, Art. 31).

ACCESS TO EDUCATION WITH ONLINE LEARNING AND OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES: CAN THEY CLOSE THE GAP?

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Geith ◽  
Karen Vignare
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Global Education ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Education Gap ◽  
The Right ◽  
Compare And Contrast

One of the key concepts in the right to education is access: access to the means to fully develop as human beings as well as access to the means to gain skills, knowledge and credentials. This is an important perspective through which to examine the solutions to access enabled by Open Educational Resources (OER) and online learning. The authors compare and contrast OER and online learning and their potential for addressing human rights “to” and “in” education. The authors examine OER and online learning growth and financial sustainability and discuss potential scenarios to address the global education gap.

The Right to Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Brysk
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Honor Killings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Right

Chapter 6 concerns denial of women’s right to life . The new frame of “femicide” has dramatically increased attention to gender-based killing in the public and private sphere, and encompasses a spectrum of threats and assaults that culminate in murder. The chapter follows the threats to women’s security through the life cycle, beginning with cases of “gendercide” (sex-selective abortion and infanticide) in India, then moving to honor killings in Turkey and Pakistan. We examine public femicide in Mexico and Central America—with comparison to the disappearance of indigenous women in Canada, as “second-class citizens” in a developed democracy. The chapter continues mapping the panorama of private sphere domestic violence in the semi-liberal gender regimes of China, Russia, Brazil, and the Philippines, along with a range of responses in law, public policy, advocacy, and protest.

scholarly journals Governing Knowledge: Intellectual Property Management for Development and the Public Interest

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Leonardo Burlamaqui
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Intellectual Property Management ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
The Right

The core point of this paper is the hypothesis that in the field of intellectual property rights and regulations, the last three decades witnessed a big change. The boundaries of private (or corporate) interests have been hyper-expanded while the public domain has significantly contracted. It tries to show that this is detrimental to innovation diffusion and productivity growth. The paper develops the argument theoretically, fleshes it out with some empirical evidence and provides a few policy recommendations on how to redesign the frontiers between public and private spaces in order to produce a more democratic and development-oriented institutional landscape. The proposed analytical perspective developed here, “Knowledge Governance”, aims to provide a framework within which, in the field of knowledge creation and diffusion, the dividing line between private interests and the public domain ought to be redrawn. The paper’s key goal is to provide reasoning for a set of rules, regulatory redesign and institutional coordination that would favor the commitment to distribute (disseminate) over the right to exclude.Keywords: knowledge management, intellectual property, patent, public, interest, public sector, private sector, socioeconomic developmen

scholarly journals The Realization of the Right to Education in Slovenia

Šolsko polje ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol XXXI (3-4) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Marjan Šimenc ◽  
Zdenko Kodelja
Keyword(s):  
Private Education ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The article presents the realization of the right to education, as set out in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in the Republic of Slovenia. At the outset, attention is drawn to the special status of the right to education, which is not only the right of children, but also adults. Moreover, the right to education is closely linked to the realization of all other rights. This article presents a general overview of the implementation of rights according to Articles 28 and 29 of the Convention. Then it outlines the problems with the implementation of the Convention in selected areas. The main points are related to the education of Roma children, the quality of knowledge, private education. The complexity of the problem of the realization of the rights of Romani children to education has been repeatedly pointed out in international RS reports on the implementation of the Convention. It is not so obvious, however, that the quality of the knowledge received by students in schools is also an aspect that should be considered from the perspective of the Convention. This article analyses the regulation of private schools: this is the area of education in Slovenia where the biggest normative and factual change has occurred in the period after the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The analysis shows that the arrangement is such that it satisfies the requirements set forth in the Convention.

scholarly journals Policing During COVID-19: Perspectives from MET Police, UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
CASIS Vancouver
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
The Right

On November 26th, 2020, Deputy Assistant Commissioner Lucy D'Orsi presented Policing During COVID-19: Perspectives from MET Police, UK at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a panel question and answer period with other speakers. The key points of discussion focused on the challenges faced by MET Police in a saturated online environment, harvesting the right information, sharing it with the public and private sectors, and building trust.

scholarly journals Children’s Perspective of Game: A Comparison of the Public and Private Schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Nevin Gündüz ◽  
Tuğçe Taşpinar ◽  
Nurdan Demiş
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Competitive Games

The purpose of this research is to determine what the game means from the perspectives of children studying at public and private schools. Four questionnaires were applied to all the third grade parents of four schools; two public and two private schools in Ankara, and questionnaires were completed and sent back by 212 parents. A total of 32 volunteer students from four schools, 4 girls and 4 boys, who were determined according to the results of parents surveys consist of our student research group. Qualitative data were obtained by semi-structured interview technique. Content analysis technique was used for qualitative data and six main themes were created.As a result, children at private and public schools have described as ‘’the meaning of the play’’ theme, as ‘’having fun, being happy, having a good time with friends, ’learning new rules, being healthy and doing sports’’. In the research, they also stated that they play game types such as ’’rope, hide, hide and seek’’ which do not require materials in public schools while they indicated they play games such as ‘’ball, dart, taboo and technological games’’ in private schools. Children indicated that they play at school competitive games prepared by teachers in physical activities lessons. It is concluded that, there is not too much change in the meaning of the game in terms of children who study at private and public schools. Children’s type of game and materials especially change for both girls and boys and schools. Although there are purpose of "enjoy" for both of the two groups, but materials and games that used and played are different.

scholarly journals Rights to Education for Poor Peoples: How The Country Protect Them?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Luthfi Widyantoko
Keyword(s):  
Educational Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

This paper discusses the rights of the poor and marginalized in obtaining the right to education as one of the basic human rights. This paper is based on the condition that the urgency of educational development is one of the top priorities in the national development agenda. Educational development is very important because of its significant role in achieving progress in various fields of life: social, economic, political, and cultural. Therefore, the Government is obliged to fulfill the rights of every citizen in obtaining education services in order to improve the quality of life of the Indonesian people as mandated by the 1945 Constitution, which requires the Government to be responsible in educating the life of the nation and creating public welfare. The lack of equal distribution of education in Indonesia is a classic problem which until now there has not been any strategic steps from the government to handle it. This paper confirms that the achievement of the right to education in Indonesia has not been achieved and is motivated by several key factors, among government policies. In addition, human resources and infrastructure are also one of the causes of unequal access to education in Indonesia.

Privatization—Chipping Away at Government

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-128
Author(s):  
Donald Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

This chapter focuses on the right wing's astonishingly successful efforts to privatize public goods and services. Privatization has been one of the highest priorities of the right wing for many years, and the chapter shows how it threatens both labor and democracy. Intentionally blurring the lines between public and private institutions, private companies and market forces undermine the common good. This chapter documents the history of privatization in the United States, from President Reagan's early efforts to Clinton and Gore's belief in private markets. Showing how privatization undermines democratic government, the chapter describes complex contracts that are difficult to understand, poorly negotiated “public–private partnership” deals, and contracts that provide incentives to deny public services. With huge amounts of money at stake, privateers are increasingly weighing in on policy debates—not based on the public interest but rather in pursuit of avenues that increase their revenues, profits, and market share. Privatization not only destroys union jobs but also aims to cripple union political involvement so that the corporate agenda can spread unfettered. Nevertheless, community-based battles against privatization have succeeded in many localities, demonstrating the power of fighting back to defend public services, public jobs, and democratic processes.

Optimal Policy for Biopharmaceutical Drugs Innovation and Access in India

2011 ◽  
pp. 74-114
Author(s):  
Rakhi Rashmi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Optimal Policy ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Public Access ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
The Right ◽  
Government Initiative

In theory, patents work by providing the inventor an incentive to invent in the first place and then to disclose. Disclosure to the public is rewarded by giving the inventor a monopoly. As product patent and higher patent protection has been advocated by Art 27.1 of the TRIPs agreement on the basis that for greater innovation through transfer of technology is a necessity in developing countries like India as it provides capital to fund expensive innovations, who are otherwise not be able to fund expensive innovations on its own. On the other hand, at the same time drugs are also related with the health of the people and to take care of the health of the people is the utmost priority of any Government and there are issues like accessibility with regard to strong patent protection to biopharma products and data exclusivity. Also as per Art 7 of the TRIPs transfer of technology has to occur to the developing countries in order to promote technological innovations, which is conducive to social and economic welfare. Therefore, striking the right balance between incentive and public access creates a tension is essential. This study suggests optimal policy (Patent and other regulations) to have a balance between biopharma drugs innovation and their access in India while complying with the provisions of the TRIPs agreement by broadly categorising variables such as (1) patent policy such as the scope of biotech patents and the extent of the right in terms of breadth and length; and (2) regulatory environment such as the taxation incentive, Investment policy, Government initiative for the development of this sector etc.

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