scholarly journals Incentives, Teachers, and Gender at Work

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Incentive Pay ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Bonus Pay ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hard To Staff Schools ◽  
Rural Program

Incentive pay programs have become panacea for a multitude of educational challenges. When aimed at teachers the assumption is that rewards entice them to work in particular ways or particular schools. However, the assumption is based on an economic formula that does not take into consideration the gendered nature of policy processes. This study examined ethnographically 10 teachers’ decision-making processes regarding whether to take up The Rural Program [La Ruralidad] in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, which rewarded qualified educators with bonus pay to work in hard-to-staff schools, to address the question: How does gender mediate teachers’ decision-making process to take up an incentive reward? I isolate three conditions: safety, transportation, and community, to show how gendered relations, identities, and roles incentivize teachers. I argue that masculinities and femininities mediated teachers’ approach to taking up incentives. Rather than a simplistic, one-time-only decision, the study shows an on-going policy process that involves women and men in “rational economic decision making” mired by gender.   

scholarly journals The European Parliament and the Layered Politicization of the External Dimension of the Common Fisheries Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Veto Players ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Policy Fields

When the Lisbon Treaty entered into effect, the European Parliament became a core player in the decision-making processes of the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and its external dimensions. This new role suggested a shift towards stronger politicization in what had previously been a rather technocratic policy field. However, the CFP is not yet marked by a clear and consistent level of politicization. I use the concept of ‘layered politicization’ to explain this pattern. Although it is not comparable to the degree of political controversy shaping fully politicized policy fields, some similar political dynamics can be observed. Among them is a transformation in the policy process due to higher ratification requirements; a higher likelihood of political deadlock resulting from an increasing number of veto-players; and a strengthening of the contested legitimacy of EU decision-making. An empirical test of these theoretical propositions is provided here in the form of two case studies; the negotiation of Fisheries Partnership Agreements with Morocco and Mauritania.

scholarly journals Women and Sustainable Development in Africa: Issues and Challenges from Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1740-1749
Author(s):  
Leke OKE
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
State And Local ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
Local Levels

Globally, crave for sustainable development and increasing women participation in governance have been on unabated. This is premised on the belief that sustainable development is attainable where and when there is good governance and gender justice. Making use of library research and content analysis methodologies, the paper detailed in a systematic manner the missing link in sustainable development in Africa with particular emphasis on Nigeria. It analyses the current practice ofsextortion among the women in decision- making processes and leadership at the national, state and local levels and its impact on development. More so, the paper discusses the conditions that facilitate womens representation in decision-making processes within the context of the current socio-economic and political transformations. It also examines the linkages between womens presence in critical decision-making positions and sustainable development. The paper contends that most states in Africa are yet to attain development to be sustained. It blames the African leaders and the patriarchal states for the precarious pace at which the region develops. The paper concludes that sustainable development will remain a pie in the sky in Africa for as long as greed, self-centeredness and emperornic disposition of African leaders as well as mass poverty and infrastructural decay continue.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF AGE AND GENDER IN GROUP DECISION-MAKING PROPENSITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Osmani ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young People ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Gender

Increasingly, organizations are oriented towards groups to make decisions. This is because some contextual factors have undergone significant changes. Companies are operating in a competitive, dynamic and complex environment, having to face with unstructured and non-programmed decisions. Organizations are also oriented towards participatory processes in order to benefit from the important advantages that these processes offer. The main goal of the current research is to understand if there is a correlation between group decision-making propensity, age and gender. The motivation for the current research starts from the consideration that the degree of preference for group decision-making processes determines the contribution and commitment of the members, with important consequences on the decisions’ effectiveness. The processing and analysis of the collected data indicate that adults prefer group decision-making processes more than young people and women prefer group decision-making processes less than men.

Economic Decision-Making in Private Corporations Versus Public Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-98
Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Economic Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This research takes a comparative analysis approach to study the process of economic decision-making within the private sector and the public sector. There are four main research objectives that guided this article. First, it aims to identify the different kinds of decision-making methods. Second, this article analyzes the economic decision-making processes that stakeholders have to make in public and private firms. Third, this r seeks to illustrate that establish effective decision-making and financial performance relate. Lastly, the article will offer effective economic decision-making procedures in private and public organizations, so as to make recommendations and to guide these businesses. To do so, there is a literature review in this research to find the best economic decision-making processes. Data collection tools were created in reference to the literature review that directed the structuring of the variables, and the study based the quantitative analysis on the adopted descriptive methodology. The sample was comprised of 100 respondents from China, and since 95% responded, that was a total of 95 responses. Based on the formulated study hypothesis and the research objectives, the collected data was examined for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. In general, the findings showed that cost-benefit analysis was the favored economic evaluation method, and the respondents specified that they their internal and external economic decisions directly influence the company's operations. When focusing on how organizational performance is affected by effective economic decisions, the findings established that there was a key component for a better economic analysis outcome in the public and private firms: accounting information. Additionally, evaluating the number of processes in public and private firms led to findings that revealed the following: every decision in the public sector requires many approvals. These approvals greatly hinder economic decisions and decision-making. Social, cultural, and environmental aspects influence the decision process significantly, so they must be addressed immediately.

Analysis of Cognitive Machines in Organizations

2010 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Farley Simon Nobre ◽  
Andrew M. Tobias ◽  
David S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Economic Decision ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This chapter introduces analyses of cognitive machines and perspectives about their participation in organizations. Therefore, it connects cognitive machines with the discipline of organizations. The analyses of cognitive machines comprise concepts of bounded rationality, economic decision-making and conflict resolution (Nobre, 2005). From such an analysis, this book advocates that these machines can be used to reduce or to solve intra-individual and group dysfunctional conflicts which arise from decision-making processes in organizations. Therefore, they can provide organizations with higher degrees of cognition, and consequently reduce the relative level of complexity and uncertainty of the environment. This chapter also derives a theorem on the implications of cognitive machines for organizations and the environment. It concludes by presenting perspectives about the work relationships between cognitive machines, their designer and the organization.

Corporatism

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Peter Munk Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
State Actors

Corporatism has played a core role in Danish policy-making for a long time. Based on positive feedback mechanisms, privileged interest groups increasingly came to be integrated in the preparation and implementation of most policy decisions during the twentieth century. After the 1970s, reform policies have sharpened the political exchange relation between state actors and interest groups. Interest groups must contribute to the realization of political preferences if they want to remain privileged insiders. If they cannot or will not contribute, they risk being left outside the decision-making arena. In such cases, state actors seek to control the policy process in order to avoid mobilization of reform resistance. Corporatism’s alternative is not pluralism but more closed decision-making processes. However, corporatism is not an either/or. Corporatism is weakened in some cases but still viable in others, even within the same sector. Danish unions have suffered many defeats on unemployment and early retirement schemes and have been kept out of decisions where heart-blood was at play. Simultaneously, the unions have entered a number of agreements using traditional corporatist means of policy-making. In the same sector and involving the same actors, corporatist structures coexist with strategic exclusion. The rumours of corporatism’s death are exaggerated.

scholarly journals Energy Politics and Gender

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Standal ◽  
Tanja Winther ◽  
Katrine Danielsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Global South ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Politics ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Politics And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Policy makers and scholars often assume gender to be irrelevant in energy politics. However, an increasing body of scholarship and development policies has focused on how gender discrimination has negative effects on women’s access to energy resources and equal contributions to decision-making processes that influence energy issues. This article evaluates four overarching and salient policy and research discourses that frame women’s and men’s positions in benefiting from and participating in decision-making about energy. First, energy has mainly been perceived as gender neutral, ignoring gendered outcomes of energy policies. Second, women have been presented as victims of energy poverty in the global South to instigate donors and action. Third, women’s empowerment in the global South has been presented as instrumental to increasing productivity and economic growth through access to modern sources and uses of energy. These discourses have produced narratives that provide limited imaginaries of women’s agency and relevance to the politics of energy in their lives. The fourth and less familiar discourse has presented women as rights holders of basic services, including access to modern and sustainable energy. This last discourse has provided a tool for examining the deeper unequal structures, as well as holding stakeholders in supply accountable for reproducing gender equality, needed to understand and produce relevant and socially just knowledge.

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