scholarly journals How to assess technological developments in basic research?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Martin Möller ◽  
Philipp Höfele ◽  
Lisa Reuter ◽  
Falk J. Tauber ◽  
Rainer Grießhammer
Keyword(s):  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
Sustainability Ethics ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Integrated Assessments ◽  
Great Acceleration

In an era of ever faster and more momentous technological development, both technology assessment and transdisciplinary interventions are in danger of structurally lagging behind the speed of innovation. This paper proposes a new tiered approach to technology assessment at low Technology Readiness Levels that enables a both rapid and concerted interdisciplinary science response to this Great Acceleration. Covering sustainability, ethics, and consumer issues, this approach encourages and enables the innovators themselves to conduct assessments embedded in the innovation process as early as possible. Suitable tools for early engagement that help facilitate development-integrated assessments are introduced and described. The design and use of these instruments in the field of basic research is illustrated using the Cluster of Excellence livMatS as an example.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CONCEPT OF REFORMING THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-109
Author(s):  
Olga V. Krasnyanskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Production Organization ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Despite the fact that Russia remained among the ten leading countries by the share of costs for technological innovations in the total volume of delivered products, the gap in the level of innovation performance remained serious. In terms of the specific weight of technological innovation costs in the total volume of the delivered goods, performed works and rendered services (2,1%), Russia in 2018 ranked 9 th among European countries. In terms of its share of the research and development costs in the total cost of technological innovations (45,2%) – 14th place and in terms of the specific weight of the innovative goods, works, services in the total volume of goods delivered, works performed, services rendered (6,5%) – 24th place out of 30. An analysis of the foreign and Russian experience of the innovation organization showed that in order to multiply the share of innovative industrial products in the total production, it was necessary to create such a system of organization and management of scientific and tech- nological development, which, unlike current practice and by analogy with the key principle of modern concepts of the production organization – the principle of “pulling” – would be able to form a real paid demand for applied R & D and subsequently for basic research. At the same time, in addition to the existing stream of ideas from academic science to production, it is necessary to organize a back-stream of demand – from the factory science, which is at the forefront of understanding the current needs of industry – to the applied one and then to academic science within the range of issues really essential for production.

Aeroacoustic Analysis of a UAV Propeller Operable at Various Altitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hun Song ◽  
Seungsoo Jang ◽  
Youn-Jea Kim
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Noise Characteristics

Abstract With technological development and the wide application range of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the regulation of UAV altitude limits in many countries is further alleviated, and the problem of UAV noise pollution has emerged with the recent advent of urban air mobility (UAM) and personal air vehicle (PAV) markets. In this study, one typical propeller, the T-motor 15 × 5 propeller, was analyzed by use of the commercial CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT V19.3. The effects of gravity and convection were analyzed to determine the noise characteristics at altitude using the FW-H equation. A high-altitude drone, which operates at heights from 0 to 10 km with 1,000 to 5,000 revolutions per minute, was analyzed using the steady-state k-ω SST turbulence model. And using the steady-state data to initialize values, an unsteady analysis was performed with the LES turbulence model. The time step was divided based on the 1-degree rotational time, and the velocity residual on each axis was calculated until a value of 10−7 or less was achieved and there was no fluctuation of thrust, at which point it was considered converged. The CFD results were validated with the experimental results for thrust and their results show that the maximum error was 8.64%. The overall sound pressure level was calculated, and noise characteristics in the audible frequency range according to receiver points were also compared. Through this study, thrust and noise data according to altitude were provided. The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics at high-altitudes, which are generally difficult to measure by experiment, are also presented. Therefore, the appropriate operating altitudes and rotational speeds will be presented through the aeroacoustics analysis corresponding to operational altitude, and the basic research data can then be applied to upcoming unmanned aircraft system (UAS) market.

Maximizing the value for money of road projects through digitalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Oliveira Cruz ◽  
Joaquim Miranda Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Systems ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Using Data

Roads are a central element of transportation systems, enabling economic and social development, fostering territorial cohesion and facilitating the movement of people and cargo. Governments have devoted significant financial resources to developing and improving their road networks, and are still facing increasing pressure to ensure proper maintenance and payments to those concessionaires that developed roads under public–private partnership arrangements. As in other sectors, digitalization is paving a way towards significant changes in the way we build, operate and finance infrastructure. These changes will have a profound impact on the entire life cycle of an infrastructure, from the design and/or construction stage, to its operation and transfer. This article provides an overall overview of the main technological developments which are, or could impact road infrastructure in the short, medium and long term. For each technological development identified in our research, we analyse the potential impact on Capex, Opex and revenues as well as their level of maturity and expected lifetime for mass adoption, and also the main bottlenecks or barriers to implementation. Additionally, we explore potential savings on investment (capex) and operational costs (opex) and increase in revenues, using data from the Portuguese highway companies. Savings can represent almost 30% of capex and opex. Overall, savings and increases in revenues can represent an impact similar to 20–40% of current revenues. The findings show that digitalization and technological development in the road sector can significantly impact the economic performance of roads, thus enhancing the value of money for the society. The findings also show that there might be some excess capacity of road systems once autonomous vehicles achieve higher market penetration. However, there are still some relevant legal, regulatory, institutional and technological and economic barriers that are slowing down the digitalization process.

scholarly journals Challenges of Pancasila Ideology in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0: Case Study of Generation Z and Millennials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sovi Dwi Febrian Silva ◽  
Moses Glorino
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
The People ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Government

Introduction: The imbalance between technological development and ideological strengthening has resulted in the fading of the Pancasila ideological values of millennials. Technology that accompanies everyday life seems to be the main character in human life. Yet if humans themselves do not use technology wisely, technology can be a threat to both individuals and the life of the nation and state. If technology is increasingly out of control, threats to the Pancasila ideology are very likely to occur, such as in the G 30S PKI incident. Therefore, it is necessary to take action both from the government and the community as individuals to safeguard the development of technology to be used wisely. That way, we can prevent the threat to the Pancasila ideology together. Writing this article aims to analyze how the role and influence of the Pancasila ideology on the millennial generation in the 4.0 industrial revolution and to find solutions so that the values of Pancasila remain attached to the next generation of the Indonesian nation. Method: Writing This article uses a qualitative method by using literature reviews from the results of related research journals that have been published online through websites and other online media. Results: Thirteen journals and one book have met the criteria for the inclusion of a predetermined review. Research is based on the stigma of society regarding technological developments in the Industrial revolution 4.0. Therefore, the government is expected to be more severe in implementing human capital management. Conclusion: By procuring human capital management, it will be possible that Human Resources (HR) in Indonesia will be able to carry out the ideals of a golden Indonesian generation with Pancasila values inherent in the hearts of the people and the nation's future generations.

scholarly journals Support for the Development of Technological Innovations at an R&D Organisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12469
Author(s):  
Beata Poteralska
Keyword(s):  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Original Matrix ◽  
Organisational Capabilities ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Innovation Processes

Effective development of technological innovations requires efficient management at the stages of their generation, realisation, and their implementation. For this aim, concepts such as foresight, technology assessment, and organisational capabilities assessment can be applied; however, so far they have been used mainly individually or sometimes combined but to a very limited extent. Moreover, they are not used comprehensively, but only selectively, e.g., at some stages of the innovation processes. The research problem undertaken in the paper concerns the effectiveness of the integration of these concepts: future research (mainly foresight), technology assessment, and organisational capabilities assessment for the needs of supporting innovation processes. The paper is aimed at presenting an original approach assuming the integration of the aforementioned triad. The proposed approach has been developed individually by the paper’s author on the basis of (1) state of the art analysis comprising both theoretical approaches and practical examples of individual and combined application of the concepts analysed, and (2) the author’s practical experience resulting from research projects conducted collectively. The research result comprises an original matrix approach where the individual concepts of the triad are applied in a way enabling their mutual complementation at all successive stages of the innovation process. The approach proposed comprises modules referring to the succeeding stages of the innovation process, namely generation, realisation and application of technological innovations. The areas of the approach application and possible directions of its further development are presented.

Reflections on the social epidemiologic dimension of health technology assessment

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminée Kazanjian
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
The Social

Certain key parameters such as safety, efficacy, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness have long been established as key in HTA analysis. Equally important, however, are sociolegal and epidemiologic perspectives. A comprehensive analytic framework will consider the implications of using a technology in the context of societal norms, cultural values, and social institutions and relations. The methodology in which this expanded framework has been developed is termed ‘Strategic HTA’ to denote its power for the decision-making process. In addition to systematic reviews of published evidence, it incorporates analyses of the influence of dominant social relations on technological development and diffusion. This essay discusses the social epidemiologic aspects of health technology assessment, which includes factors such as sex and gender. It seeks to show how it is possible to bring data from wide-ranging disciplinary perspectives within the parameters of a single scientific inquiry; to draw from them scientifically defensible conclusions; and thereby to realize a deeper understanding of technology impact within a health care system. Armed with such an understanding, policy officials will be better prepared to resolve the competitive clamor of stakeholder voices, and to make the most “equitable” use of the available resources.

Fostering technology transfer in industrial biotechnology by academic spin-offs

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter Festel ◽  
Philipp Rittershaus
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Research Institutions

Industrial biotechnology is the commercial application of biotechnology using cells or components of cells, like enzymes, for industrial production processes including consumer goods, bioenergy and biomaterials. In the last years this area has gone through a fast technological development resulting in a high number of basic technologies based on research efforts at universities and research institutions. But a technology transfer gap exists between basic research and the commercialisation of the results. This gap can be closed by academic spin-offs which manage the technology transfer from universities and research institutions to industrial companies. After the spin-off process, the technology is further developed within the new venture normally using additional resources from external investors. As soon as the technology reaches a certain grade of maturity, the spin-offs can co-operate with an established company and work for them as a service provider or be acquired. The chosen approach of technology transfer depends on the type of company. Whereas multinational enterprises (MNEs) are very active in making new technologies available both by acquiring spin-offs or engaging them as service providers, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are focused on partnering with spin-offs, due to limited financial and management resources.

Sir William Reid, F. R. S., 1791-1858: governor of Bermuda, Barbados and Malta

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-191 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Botanical Exploration ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
New Imperialism ◽  
The 19Th Century

In The Tools of Empire Daniel Headrick drew attention to the important theme of technology and empire (1). Rather than concentrating on the motives for imperial expansion, Headrick focused on the technologies that allowed Europeans to spread so extensively over the globe in the late 19th century. Technological developments— the tools o f empire— such as the steamer, quinine, the breechloader and the cable, enabled impressive territorial expansion. The link between the Industrial Revolution and the New Imperialism was clearly indicated by Headrick. Technology was power. Technological development made possible imperial development. Conversely, the network of empire allowed technology to expand. The opportunity for the diffusion of ideas and technologies through space and time was enhanced because of imperialism. The empire allowed for the flow of information from one setting to another. This point is illustrated by reference to the exchange and diffusion of botanical plants. W. H. G. Armytage suggested that botanic gardens were the seedbeds of science, and that Kew Gardens was envisaged as a ‘great plant exchange, advisory centre and spearhead of botanical exploration’ for the British Empire (2). More recently Lucille Brockway has explored this theme, viewing Kew as a coordinating agency for the exploitation of the botanical resources of the empire (3). But the diffusion of information involved more than plants and occurred across a wide spectrum of science and technology. There was certainly a complex interrelationship between imperial expansion and scientific developments. In recent articles Robert Stafford and James Secord have discussed the imperial theme in the development of 19th-century British geology (4). Just as there is a relation today between technological development and space exploration, in the 19th century there was a complicated interaction between technology and imperial expansion. Developments in one area impinged on the other.

scholarly journals FORESIGHT AS A TOOL OF TECHNOLOGICAL PLANNING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC JOINT STOCK COMPANY “GAZPROM” IN THE ERA OF DIGITALIZATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
V. V. Degtyareva ◽  
D. A. Lozhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Information Input

The issues of presenting the basic prerequisites for forecasting and planning tools for managing an organization based on the foresight method, – have been highlighted. The strategic planning mechanism of PJSC Gazprom has been described, the place of foresight research in the formation of a long-term strategy has been reflected, and interaction with the innovation environment has been reflected. Five stages of foresight research and their filling have been presented. The sequence of stages of foresight research has been described. A generalized picture of collecting the necessary information for conducting a foresight study and forming a pool of experts from the preliminary registry on thematic selected areas has been presented. A list of criteria for assessing the prospects of technologies, as well as the sequence of their selection in accordance with the system of prospects indexes of technological developments for further updating the organization’s strategy, – has been considered. A graphical model of the results of technology assessment for their use in the strategic planning of the organization. A digital model that makes a decision on the choice of the necessary technologies based on semantic analysis of big data – IFORA has been considered. A comparison of information input and applied methods has been made. When preparing the article, such research methods as analysis, synthesis, and generalization were used.

scholarly journals Scientific research and innovation response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Jeel Moya-Salazar ◽  
Lucia Gomez-Saenz ◽  
Betsy Cañari ◽  
Hans Contreras-Pulache
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Global Budget ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
The Face ◽  
Technological Developments

Background: COVID-19 has shaken countries at all levels, putting public health at risk. Global efforts have allocated funding for the development of research for the development of vaccines, digital tools, epidemiologic, social, and economic studies. Although these efforts have been developed worldwide, not all countries have prioritized the same topics and may have a different impact on solving problems and containing the spread of COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with secondary data of "Special Projects COVID-19” in order to analyze the prioritization of proposals and projects to Peruvian needs in the face of pandemic. Two calls were made by the Peruvian research council (CONCyTec); the first with five areas and the second with seven. The global amounts financed by each call were 342,857 USD (1,200,000 soles) and 700,000 USD (1,750,000 soles), respectively. Results: A total of 1,101 research projects were presented, 600 (54.5%) in the first call. In this call, 176 (29.3%) projects were from technological development and innovation and 29 were winners (with a global budget of 1,711,907.25 USD /6,077,270.75 soles). In the second call, 120 (23.9%) projects were from the area of Social and economic research and 21 were winners (global budget of 1,284,002.25 USD/558,208.55 soles) (p=0.043). The largest proportion of winning projects in both calls was 12 (41.4%) in Technological developments and innovation, then five (17.2%) each in telehealth and mobile health, and epidemiological and social studies. Across both calls, 214 (55.8%) and 160 (51.9%) projects were of private organizations and universities, respectively. Conclusions: This research shows ~2% of rapid response "Special Projects COVID-19” were financed by the CONCyTec call with over a million dollars of funds. Although the main topics were technological innovation, detection systems, and vaccines, these priorities have not had a global impact on the epidemiological development of the pandemic in Peru.

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