scholarly journals DYNAMICS AND DIFFERENCES OF BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF ATHLETES IN VARIOUS PHASES OF MIDDLE MOUNTAIN TRAINING COMPARED TO SEA LEVEL TRAINING

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Miakinchenko ◽  
A Kryuchkov ◽  
G Dudko ◽  
M Dikunets ◽  
P Miakinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
National Team ◽  
Current State ◽  
Hematological Indicators

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of responses and the current state of the body of highly skilled athletes by indicators of the biochemical profile during adaptation to natural hypobaric hypoxia. Materials and methods. The dynamics of 16 biochemical indicators was compared at similar stages of the annual training conducted in middle mountain areas (~ 1550 m) and at sea level. Fifteen female biathlon athletes of the Russian national team participated in the study. The following methods were used: analysis of morning hematological and biochemical indicators of blood during 3 mid-mountain and 4 lowland sports training events. Training loads were recorded. Results. With a comparable level and type of loads, middle mountain training leads to significant (P <0.05) positive shifts in hematological indicators (hemoglobin, hematocrit), starting from the 2nd and 3rd phases of adaptation. In the same period, the level of cortisol and urea rises. Aminotransferases (ALT, AST), on the contrary, are more reactive in the phase of acute acclimatization (P <0.05). There were no signs of a more significant deterioration in the anabolic support of the training process in terms of testosterone. In middle mountain areas, on average, there is a decreased level of phosphorus and iron and an increased level of calcium, as well as a reduced level of muscle tissue damage compared to training at sea level. Conclusion. The dynamics of biochemical indicators in the middle mountain areas and at sea level is similar, this may be a consequence of responses to the load. At the same time, training in the middle mountain areas has a high physiological cost with positive changes in oxygen transport systems. The obtained dynamics and differences in the studied indicators in the phases of middle mountain training can be used to improve the training loads of athletes in cyclic sports.

scholarly journals Electro-Quasistatic Animal Body Communication for Untethered Rodent Biopotential Recording

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreeya Sriram ◽  
Shitij Avlani ◽  
Matthew P. Ward ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Current State ◽  
Communication Modalities ◽  
First Time ◽  
Biopotential Recording

AbstractContinuous multi-channel monitoring of biopotential signals is vital in understanding the body as a whole, facilitating accurate models and predictions in neural research. The current state of the art in wireless technologies for untethered biopotential recordings rely on radiative electromagnetic (EM) fields. In such transmissions, only a small fraction of this energy is received since the EM fields are widely radiated resulting in lossy inefficient systems. Using the body as a communication medium (similar to a ’wire’) allows for the containment of the energy within the body, yielding order(s) of magnitude lower energy than radiative EM communication. In this work, we introduce Animal Body Communication (ABC), which utilizes the concept of using the body as a medium into the domain of untethered animal biopotential recording. This work, for the first time, develops the theory and models for animal body communication circuitry and channel loss. Using this theoretical model, a sub-inch$$^3$$ 3 [1″ × 1″ × 0.4″], custom-designed sensor node is built using off the shelf components which is capable of sensing and transmitting biopotential signals, through the body of the rat at significantly lower powers compared to traditional wireless transmissions. In-vivo experimental analysis proves that ABC successfully transmits acquired electrocardiogram (EKG) signals through the body with correlation $$>99\%$$ > 99 % when compared to traditional wireless communication modalities, with a 50$$\times$$ × reduction in power consumption.

Development of Gesture-based Commands for Natural User Interfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1466-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon K. T. Bailey ◽  
Daphne E. Whitmer ◽  
Bradford L. Schroeder ◽  
Valerie K. Sims
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
The Body ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Natural Interfaces ◽  
User Input ◽  
Natural User Interfaces ◽  
Current State ◽  
Human Computer Interfaces ◽  
Extra Step ◽  
Study Participants

Human-computer interfaces are changing to meet the evolving needs of users and overcome limitations of previous generations of computer systems. The current state of computers consists largely of graphical user interfaces (GUI) that incorporate windows, icons, menus, and pointers (WIMPs) as visual representations of computer interactions controlled via user input on a mouse and keyboard. Although this model of interface has dominated human-computer interaction for decades, WIMPs require an extra step between the user’s intent and the computer action, imposing both limitations on the interaction and introducing cognitive demands (van Dam, 1997). Alternatively, natural user interfaces (NUI) employ input methods such as speech, touch, and gesture commands. With NUIs, users can interact directly with the computer without using an intermediary device (e.g., mouse, keyboard). Using the body as an input device may be more “natural” because it allows the user to apply existing knowledge of how to interact with the world (Roupé, Bosch-Sijtsema, & Johansson, 2014). To utilize the potential of natural interfaces, research must first determine what interactions can be considered natural. For the purpose of this paper, we focus on the naturalness of gesture-based interfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine how people perform natural gesture-based computer actions. To answer this question, we first narrowed down potential gestures that would be considered natural for an action. In a previous study, participants ( n=17) were asked how they would gesture to interact with a computer to complete a series of actions. After narrowing down the potential natural gestures by calculating the most frequently performed gestures for each action, we asked participants ( n=188) to rate the naturalness of the gestures in the current study. Participants each watched 26 videos of gestures (3-5 seconds each) and were asked how natural or arbitrary they interpreted each gesture for the series of computer commands (e.g., move object left, shrink object, select object, etc.). The gestures in these videos included the 17 gestures that were most often performed in the previous study in which participants were asked what gesture they would naturally use to complete the computer actions. Nine gestures were also included that were created arbitrarily to act as a comparison to the natural gestures. By analyzing the ratings on a continuum from “Completely Arbitrary” to “Completely Natural,” we found that the natural gestures people produced in the first study were also interpreted as the intended action by this separate sample of participants. All the gestures that were rated as either “Mostly Natural” or “Completely Natural” by participants corresponded to how the object manipulation would be performed physically. For example, the gesture video that depicts a fist closing was rated as “natural” by participants for the action of “selecting an object.” All of the gestures that were created arbitrarily were interpreted as “arbitrary” when they did not correspond to the physical action. Determining how people naturally gesture computer commands and how people interpret those gestures is useful because it can inform the development of NUIs and contributes to the literature on what makes gestures seem “natural.”

scholarly journals Section II.—The Principle and Construction of the Closed Hydrometer

1912 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
J. Y. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Vertical Pressure ◽  
Standard Temperature

The instrument being closed, its true weight is constant.Let it be assumed that our experiments are actually made in vacuo, at the sea-level in lat. 45°. In these conditions the standard gram exerts a vertical pressure of 1 gram (true).We weigh the hydrometer and find its weight to be W grams. We now float it in distilled water contained in a suitable cylinder. In the construction of the hydrometer the internal load has been so adjusted that, when immersed in distilled water of the standard temperature T, which is to remain unaltered during the whole of the experiments, the surface of the water shall cut the stem in some line C, near its junction with the body of the instrument. Then the weight of the water displaced by the hydrometer is exactly W grams.

scholarly journals TouchYou: A wearable touch sensor and stimulator for using our own body as a remote sex interface

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Leonardo Mariano Gomes ◽  
Rita Wu
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Haptic Interfaces ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Remote Transmission ◽  
Touch Sensor ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sex Toys ◽  
Wearable Interfaces ◽  
Electrical Muscle

AbstractIn this article, we present TouchYou, a pair of wearable interfaces that enable affective touch interactions with people at long-distance. Through a touch-sensitive interface, which works by touch, pressure and capacitance, the body becomes the own input for stimulating the other body, which has a stimulation interface that enables the feeling of being touched. The person receives an electrical muscle stimulation, thermal and mechanical stimulation that react depending on the touch sensed by the first interface. By using the TouchYou, people can stimulate each other, using their own body, not only for sexual relations at a distance but for the production of affection and another way of feeling. We discuss the importance of the touch for human relationships, the current state of the art in haptic interfaces and how the technology can be used for the affection remote transmission. We present the design process of the TouchYou sensitive and stimulation interfaces, with a contribution of a method for developing custom touch sensors, we explore usage scenarios for the technology, including sex toys and sex robots and we present the concept of using the body as a remote sex interface.

FEATURES OF THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN PERSONS OF MIDDLE, ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE WITH PNEUMONIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
С. А. Рукавишникова ◽  
Т. А. Ахмедов ◽  
А.С. Пушкин ◽  
У.Р. Сагинбаев ◽  
Д.П. Пискунов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Hematological Indicators

Пневмония занимает лидирующие позиции по смертности среди всех инфекционных заболеваний. Установлено, что к достоверной группе риска по уровню заболеваемости и смертности от данной нозологической формы относятся лица старше 60 лет, причем с возрастом тяжесть протекания заболевания только возрастает. Согласно литературным данным, одной из причин снижения адаптационных возможностей лиц пожилого возраста является феномен «возрастного десинхроноза», проявляющийся значительными колебаниями параметров внутренней среды организма. Цель работы - сравнительный анализ коэффициентов внутри-и межиндивидуальной биологической вариации. Для этого проведено ретроспективное исследование клинического анализа крови у пациентов, страдающих пневмонией неуточненной этиологии, в разрезе трех возрастных групп - средней, пожилой и старческой. Обнаружены особенности биологической вариации в зависимости от возраста, выявленные отличия были обоснованы в соответствии с имеющимися теориями. Pneumonia is the leading mortality rate among all infectious diseases. It has been established that the reliable risk group for morbidity and mortality from this nosology includes persons over 60 years of age, and with age the severity of the disease only increases. According to literary data, one of the reasons for the decline in adaptation capabilities of older persons is the phenomenon of «age desinhronosis», which manifests itself in significant fluctuations in the parameters of the internal environment of the body. The purpose of this work was to compare the coefficients of intra- and interindividual biological variation. For this purpose, a retrospective study of clinical blood analysis in patients suffering from pneumonia of unspecified etiology was carried out in terms of three age groups: medium, elderly and senile. Features of biological variation depending on age have been found, the differences identified have been justified according to available theories.

Free radical peroxidation and natural antioxidants

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger ◽  
V. A. Dadali
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current State

Modern food products provide no more than 5-6% of the body's need for micronutrients, many of which are antioxidants. The current state of the problem of nutritional deficiency predetermines a chronic long-term deficiency of antioxidants in the diet. Providing the body with balanced polyvalent antioxidant complexes and normalizing its antioxidant status is the basis of health and active longevity.

scholarly journals Morphological and biochemical indicators of blood of rats poisoned by carbon tetrachloride and subject to action of liposomal preparation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gutyj ◽  
T. Martyshchuk ◽  
I. Bushueva ◽  
B. Semeniv ◽  
V. Parchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Liposomal Preparation ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Hematological Indicators

The article gives the results of the research on the influence of a developed complex liposomal preparation on the dynamics of morphological and biochemical indicators of the blood of rats subjected to modeled oxidative stress caused by intermuscular injection of 50% carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 0.25 ml per 100 g of body mass. We found that in conditions of intoxication by carbon tetrachloride, the physiological level of hematological indicators of the researched animals’ body was disrupted. This is indicated by the reduction in the amount of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, concentration of hemoglobin per erythrocyte, increase in the amount of leucocytes, mass of hemoglobin per erythrocyte and increase of colour indicator. Also, we detected suppression of protein synthesis function of the liver. The levels of total protein and albumin fraction were below the normal physiological level. High indicators were observed in the levels of creatinine, urea and total bilirubin. In order to normalize the functional state of the liver under oxidative stress it is reasonable to use a liposomal preparation which contains butafosfan, interferon, thistle and vitamins. In order to normalize morphological and biochemical indicators of the blood of rats subject to intoxication of carbon tetrachloride it is reasonable to use a liposomal preparation that contains butafosfan, selenium, thistle, methionine and vitamins. Using the liposomal preparation Butaselmevit for rats under oxidative stress the morphological and biochemical indicators in the blood normalized. On the 14th day the indictors of the number of erythrocytes, the hemoglobin content, the white blood cell count and red blood indexes compared to control came within the physiological indicators, indicating a recovery of hematopoietic function of the bone marrow and normalized indicators of the functional state of the liver. 

scholarly journals Implementing Pre-Emptive Managed Retreat: Constraints and Novel Insights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Lawrence ◽  
Jonathan Boston ◽  
R Bell ◽  
S Olufson ◽  
R Kool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
First Century ◽  
Current State ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Extreme Flooding ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Implementation Gaps ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose of Review: Managed retreat will be inevitable where other adaptation options, such as protective structures or building restrictions, provide only temporary respite or are otherwise uneconomic, technically impractical or both. Here, we focus on the implementation of pre-emptive managed retreat, providing examples of how it can be sequenced, socialised and given the governance enablers necessary for implementation. Recent Findings: Ongoing sea-level rise during the twenty-first century and beyond poses huge adaptation challenges, especially for low-lying coastal and floodplain settlements. Settlements are already functionally disrupted from repetitive non-extreme flooding and research shows that sea-level rise will impact far more people, far sooner than previously thought, as more powerful storms, heavy rainfall and rising groundwater coincide with higher tides. To date, most examples of managed retreat have been post-disaster responses following damage and disruption. Pre-emptive managed retreat, by contrast, has yet to become a well-accepted and widely practised adaptation response. Nevertheless, there are increasing examples of research and practice on how pre-emptive managed retreat can be designed, sequenced and implemented alongside other forms of adaptation within anticipatory forms of governance. Summary: The current state of knowledge about managed retreat is reviewed and critical insights and lessons for governance and policy-making are given. Several novel examples from New Zealand are presented to address some of the implementation gaps. Goals and principles are enunciated to inform long-term adaptation strategies.

scholarly journals The Importance Of The Variety Of Spring Hard Wheat In The Formation Of Yield And Quality Of Grain In The Southern Chernozem Of The Orenburg Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
D O Izbasarov ◽  
G F Yartsev ◽  
R K Baikasenov ◽  
T P Aisuvakova ◽  
B B Kartabaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Hard Wheat ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Abstract Wheat is a plastic crop and therefore occupies a huge area, spreading in the north to the cold pole (Verkhoyansk), and in the south to the border of cultivation of cultivated plants. In some regions of Azerbaijan, it is sown in fields below sea level, and in Peru, it rises in the mountains up to 4000 m. Cultivation of wheat on a huge territory is possible due to the high adaptive properties of the culture, its resistance to frost and drought. Almost half of the bread composition is represented by carbohydrates, in which starch takes the main place (up to 80%). Under the influence of enzymes, it is broken down to simple sugars that the body needs. The total digestibility of bread carbohydrates reaches 90-92%. The protein substances of bread are of the utmost importance, thanks to which a third of a person’s daily needs are often covered in our diet. Bread is the main source of supply for the body with vitamins B1, B2, PP. It is rich in phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Review of Cardiovascular Involvement in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e19
Author(s):  
Ruff Joseph Macale Cajanding
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Clinically Significant

COVID-19 has emerged as one of the most devastating and clinically significant infectious diseases of the last decade. It has reached global pandemic status at an unprecedented pace and has placed significant demands on health care systems worldwide. Although COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, epidemiologic reports have shown that the disease affects other vital organs of the body, including the heart, vasculature, kidneys, brain, and the hematopoietic system. Of importance is the emerging awareness of the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system. The current state of knowledge regarding cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is presented in this article, with particular focus on the cardiovascular manifestations and complications of COVID-19 infection. The mechanistic insights of disease causation and the relevant pathophysiology involved in COVID-19 as they affect the heart are explored and described. Relevant practice essentials and clinical management implications for patients with COVID-19 with a cardiac pathology are presented in light of recent evidence.

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