Free radical peroxidation and natural antioxidants

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger ◽  
V. A. Dadali
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current State

Modern food products provide no more than 5-6% of the body's need for micronutrients, many of which are antioxidants. The current state of the problem of nutritional deficiency predetermines a chronic long-term deficiency of antioxidants in the diet. Providing the body with balanced polyvalent antioxidant complexes and normalizing its antioxidant status is the basis of health and active longevity.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LEAD AND CADMIUM INTOXICATION ON ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF BROILER CHICKENS AND ITS CORRECTION WITH SYNTHETIC PREPARATIONS

2022 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

   The authors present the results of a study of the effects of long-term (1.5 MPa) and short-term (5, 10 and 15 MPa) intoxication with heavy metals on the antioxidant status of broiler chickens. The authors found that the addition of increased concentrations of toxicants to the diet leads to their accumulation in poultry’s muscle, fat tissues, and skin. According to the study, lead content increases by 2.25 times, cadmium content increases by 6.5 times. Lipophilic compounds Tiofan and Tiofan M have the most pronounced detoxifying effect in chronic intoxication. Fantox 11-1 is the most pronounced detoxifying effect among hydrophilic compounds, which are inferior to lipophilic ones. Accumulation of heavy metals in the body led to a decrease in the antioxidant status of poultry. There was an acceleration of oxidative processes in long-term experimental toxicosis up to 3.10, up to 21.00 times in the short-term. The addition of 100 mg of lipophilic antioxidants per 1 kg of live weight to the diet with 7.5 mg of lead and 0.75 mg of cadmium per 1 kg of feed resulted in a decrease in the rate of oxidation reactions. The presence of lead and cadmium ions in the tissues of poultry caused a reduction of induction periods in the temperature-stabilized samples to 90 %. Enrichment of the diet with Thiophan and Fantox 11-1 increased this indicator up to 12.40 times. The hydrophilic antioxidant Fantox 11-1 dosage of 15 mg per 1 kg of live weight had a pronounced effect. Its introduction into the diet will correct the lack of endogenous antioxidants and increase the body’s antioxidant status under the influence of heavy metals.

scholarly journals In vitro antileishmanial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from different parts of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack: a species of Rutaceae that occur in the Cerrado biome in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Flávia Fernanda Alves da Silva ◽  
Cassia Cristina Fernandes ◽  
Gabriel Almeida de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Bolela Bovo Candido ◽  
Lizandra Guidi Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Stable Free Radical ◽  
Murraya Paniculata

In Brazilian folk medicine, Murraya paniculata has been used for treating intestine disorders, rheumatism and cough. This paper aims to investigate the in vitro antileishmanial and antioxidant activities of essential oils (EO) from M. paniculata leaves and fruits (ripe and unripe ones). Natural antioxidants may be very beneficial to improve quality of life, since they are capable of protecting the body against damage caused by free radicals and, consequently, either preventing or postponing many diseases from starting their cycles. One of the techniques which has been widely used for detecting antioxidant compounds is the method based on the elimination of the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•). It has been considered easy, precise, fast, simple, economical and appropriate to determine antioxidant activity of pure substances and complex mixtures, such as EO. Thus, antioxidant potential of EO was evaluated by using the method of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•). EO from M. paniculata leaves and fruits exhibited weak potential, since EC50 values were above 700 µg/mL. Several reports have stated that volatile oils from plants show promising leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis; in relation to this activity, leaf oil was highly active (IC50 = 7.33±2.07 µg/mL) while ripe and unripe fruit oils were active, with values of IC50 = 30.77±2.07 µg/mL and 13.04±1.64 µg/mL, respectively. Both GC-FID and GC-MS analyses revealed that the major components determined in EO from M. paniculata were sesquithujene (25.0%), trans-β-caryophyllene (23.8%), α-zingiberene (21.0%), α-ylangene (13.3%), germacrene D (13.1%), α-copaene (12.7%), and β-cubebene (10.2%). In vitro antileishmanial and antioxidant activities of EO from M. paniculata have also been described for the first time.

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal and Progeny Dietary Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Progeny Chicks before and after Egg Storage

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Keying Zhang ◽  
Shiping Bai ◽  
Qiufeng Zeng ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Egg Storage

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of maternal and progeny dietary vitamin E (VE) supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant status of offspring before and after egg storage. A total of 576 75-week-old Ross 308 breeder hens were assigned to three dietary VE treatments (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) with 6 replicates of 32 hens for 12 weeks. Two trials were conducted with offspring hatched from eggs laid at weeks 9 and 12 of breeder feeding trial, respectively. Trial 1 was conducted by a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with three levels of maternal dietary VE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and two levels of progeny dietary VE (0 and 35 mg/kg). Trial 2 was conducted with three maternal dietary VE treatment (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), and chicks were hatched from eggs stored for 14 d and received the same progeny diet with no addition of VE. Results showed that in trial 1, maternal (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and progeny (0 and 35 mg/kg) dietary VE supplementation did not affect the growth performance of offspring hatched from unstored eggs (p > 0.05). In trial 2, in the case of long-term egg storage, maternal dietary VE supplementation of 200 and 400 mg/kg increased the body weight (BW) of 21- and 42-d-old offspring and the body weight gain (BWG) of offspring from 1 to 21 d (p < 0.05), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of offspring from 1 to 21 d (p < 0.05) compared to 100 mg/kg VE. As the maternal dietary VE levels increased, the liver and serum antioxidant status of offspring enhanced (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal dietary VE supplementation of 200 or 400 mg/kg could improve the growth performance and anti-oxidant status of offspring hatched from stored eggs, but not for that of offspring hatched from unstored eggs. The suitable VE level for the broiler breeder diet was 400 mg/kg in the case of long-term egg storage.

scholarly journals UJI PENANGKAPAN RADIKAL 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) OLEH EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA KECOMBRANG (Nicolaia speciosa (Bl.) Horan) DAN BUAH TALOK (M. calabura L. )

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Tatang Irianti ◽  
Hari Purnomo ◽  
Kuswandi Kuswandi ◽  
Sindu Nuranto ◽  
Damiana Nitya Kanistri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

ABSTRACT The process of excessive free radicals  in our body plays a major part in the development of chronic and degenerative illness such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, aging, cataract, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The recently study reported that free radical and oxidants play a dual role as both toxic and beneficial compounds, since they can be either harmful or helpful to the body. Therefore, natural antioxidants can be explored to prevent degenerative diseases and in the present paper we have investigated antioxidant activity of extracts from Nicolaia speciose (Bl.) Horan flower and Muntingia calabura L.  fruit for its free radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl, 1-picryl hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The results revealed that both ethyl acetate fractions of N.  speciaose and M. calabura have the highest antioxidant activitiy with IC50 29.81 and 14.48 µg/ml respectively.   The antioxidant activity of both ethanolic extracts were more potent than hexan and water fractions with IC50 39.27 and 137.20 µg/ml respectively. The investigation of IC50 values indicated that the antioxidant activity show moderate to very active. Active compounds were identified using thin layer chromatography with FeCl3, AlCl3, 2,4-DNPH and anisaldehide-H2SO4 spray reagents. Chromatogram of ethylacetate fraction showed that spots on the hRf 12 and 56 were thought to contain phenolic compounds with a carbonyl group, while the hRf 37 was suspected flavone compounds with 3-OH group and the hRf 50 was alleged the ortho-dihydroxy flavone or ortho hydroxy and free carbonyl. Chromatogram of ethyl acetate of talok fruits fraction showed that spots on the hRf 19.31 and 44 were suspected flavone compounds with ortho-hydroxy-carbonyl group and or ortho-hydroxy. ABSTRAK Radikal bebas berlebih dalam tubuh dapat memicu tumbuhnya sel kanker, penyumbatan pembuluh jantung, kerusakan oksidatif otak dan penuaan dini. Hal ini menyebabkan penelitian tentang potensi antioksidan terus mengalami peningkatan, terutama antioksidan alami dari tanaman. Bunga kecombrang (Nicolaia speciosa (BI.) Horan) dan buah talok (Muntingia Calabura L.) dilaporkan aktif sebagai antioksidan dan mengandung senyawa aktif dengan tingkat kepolaran yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas dengan penangkapan radikal bebas fraksi-fraksi ekstrak bunga kecombrang dan buah talok serta karakterisasi golongan senyawa aktifnya. Hasil fraksinasi ekstrak diuji dengan larutan DPPH 0,4 mM dan diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil absorbansi sampel dan kontrol diolah untuk mendapatkan persen penangkapan radikal DPPH dan aktivitas antioksidan dievaluasi melalui nilai IC50. Senyawa aktif diidentifikasi menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis dengan penampak bercak FeCl3, AlCl3, 2,4-DNPH dan anisaldehid-H2SO4.  Fraksi-fraksi ekstrak bunga kecombrang dan buah talok menunjukkan tingkat kekuatan antioksidan antara sedang sampai sangat aktif. Fraksi etil asetat bunga kecombrang serta buah talok memiliki aktivitas penangkapan radikal bebas tertinggi dengan IC50 sebesar 29,81 µg/ml dan 14,48 µg/ml. Pada fraksi etil asetat ini, buah talok mempunyai potensi aktivitas antioksidan dua kali lipatnya dari bunga kecombrang.  Fraksi air, ekstrak etanol serta fraksi heksan bunga kecombrang memiliki IC50 sebesar 39,27 µg/ml, 44,08 µg/ml, dan 135,36 µg/ml. Sedangkan ekstrak etanol, fraksi air serta fraksi heksan buah talok memiliki IC50 sebesar 137,20 µg/ml, 282,47 µg/ml, dan 2611,70 µg/ml. Hasil KLT fraksi etil asetat buah kecombrang menunjukkan bahwa bercak pada hRf 12 dan 56 mengandung senyawa fenolik dengan gugus karbonil, sedangkan hRf 37 diduga senyawa flavon dengan gugus 3-OH dan pada hRf 50 merupakan flavon dengan o-dihidroksi dan atau o-hidroksi karbonil bebas. Kemudian hasil KLT fraksi etil asetat buah talok menunjukkan bahwa bercak dengan nilai hRf  19, 31, dan 44 merupakan flavon dengan gugus o-hidroksi karbonil dan atau gugus o-dihidroksi. Bercak pada hRf 31 juga mengindikasikan adanya senyawa terpenoid.    

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PREVENTIVE ACTION OF ANTIOXIDANTS UNDER PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO AMINE SALT OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Y.A. Tarasenko ◽  
O.O. Tykhonova ◽  
T.F. Deynega ◽  
O.A. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Amine Salt ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Radical Processes

The article describes the study on the effectiveness of remedies possessing antioxidant properties for chemoprevention of the consequences caused by pesticides toxic effects. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid derivatives, and namely, amine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid are known as one of the most widely distributed compounds in agriculture. The activation of the free radical processes is considered as a universal mechanism of the damage to biological membranes during chronic intoxication by phenoxyacid derivatives.  This work is aimed to compare the preventive effect of the synthetic and natural antioxidants under long-term exposure to the 2,4 - dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The experiment was performed on Wistar male rats, which received synthetic and natural antioxidants against the background of toxicant administration. Long-term effects of the pesticide caused the activation of the processes of free radical lipid peroxidation, reduced antioxidant supply and activity of antioxidant enzymes. The introduction of medicines with antioxidant properties helped to reduce the content of products of free radical processes, to inhibit the drop of body antioxidant supply and to normalize the activity of antioxidant enzymes. According to the experimental data obtained, the complex of natural antioxidants (tocopherol acetate, ascorbic acid and quercetin)   has   the most pronounced corrective properties. This enables us to recommend them for chemocorrection of pathological changes resulted from prolonged exposure to pesticides.

scholarly journals Molecular Physiology and Pathophysiology of Bilirubin Handling by the Blood, Liver, Intestine, and Brain in the Newborn

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1291-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor W. R. Hansen ◽  
Ronald J. Wong ◽  
David K. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Bilirubin Metabolism ◽  
The Brain

Bilirubin is the end product of heme catabolism formed during a process that involves oxidation-reduction reactions and conserves iron body stores. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is common in newborn infants, but rare later in life. The basic physiology of bilirubin metabolism, such as production, transport, and excretion, has been well described. However, in the neonate, numerous variables related to nutrition, ethnicity, and genetic variants at several metabolic steps may be superimposed on the normal physiological hyperbilirubinemia that occurs in the first week of life and results in bilirubin levels that may be toxic to the brain. Bilirubin exists in several isomeric forms that differ in their polarities and is considered a physiologically important antioxidant. Here we review the chemistry of the bilirubin molecule and its metabolism in the body with a particular focus on the processes that impact the newborn infant, and how differences relative to older children and adults contribute to the risk of developing both acute and long-term neurological sequelae in the newborn infant. The final section deals with the interplay between the brain and bilirubin and its entry, clearance, and accumulation. We conclude with a discussion of the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanism(s) of bilirubin neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals RUMPUT LAUT: ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI PENANGKAL RADIKAL BEBAS

OSEANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rany Dwimayasanti
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Complex Chemical

SEAWEED: NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT FREE RADICAL ANTIDOTE. Free radicals are the result of various complex chemical processes in the body, in form of oxidation process, cell metabolism, UV irradiation, environmental pollution such as cigarette smoke, and other pollutants. The effects of free radicals can be prevented by addition of antioxidants endogenously from outside the body. Seaweed is one source of natural antioxidants that is safe for the body. Seaweed contains bioactive compounds that are able to prevent free radicals such as carotenoids, phenols, vitamins and minerals.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES OF THE CASPIAN SPRAT FISHERIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vasilievna Pomogaeva ◽  
Aliya Ahmetovna Aseinova ◽  
Yuriy Aleksandrovich Paritskiy ◽  
Vjacheslav Petrovich Razinkov
Keyword(s):  
Food Item ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
North West ◽  
Marine Fishery ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
West Part ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Intensive Growth

The article presents annual statistical data of the Caspian Research Institute of Fishery. There has been kept track of the long term dynamics of the stocks of three species of Caspian sprat (anchovy, big-eyed kilka, sprat) and investigated a process of substituting a food item of sprats Eurytemora grimmi to a small-celled copepod species Acartia tonsa Dana. According to the research results, there has been determined growth potential of stocks of each species. Ctenophoran-Mnemiopsis has an adverse effect on sprat population by eating fish eggs and larvae. Ctenophoram - Mnemiopsis is a nutritional competitor to the full-grown fishes. The article gives recommendations on reclamation of stocks of the most perspective species - common sprat, whose biological characteristics helped not to suffer during Ctenophoram outburst and to increase its population during change of the main food item. Hydroacoustic survey data prove the intensive growth of common sprat biomass in the north-west part of the Middle Caspian. According to the results of the research it may be concluded that to realize the volumes of recommended sprat catch it is necessary to organize the marine fishery of common sprat at the Russian Middle Caspian shelf.

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