scholarly journals MITIGATION SCENARIOS FOR RESIDENTIAL FIRES IN DENSELY POPULATED URBAN SETTLEMENTS IN SUKAHAJI VILLAGE, BANDUNG CITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Saut Aritua Hasiholan Sagala ◽  
Praditya Adhitama ◽  
Donald Ganitua Sianturi ◽  
Umar Al Faruq
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Mitigation Scenarios ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Residential Fires ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Structural Fires

Residential fires are a form of disaster that often occurs in urban areas especially in densely populated settlements. This study looks at possible mitigation scenarios for this kind of disaster. A case study was conducted in Babakan Ciparay Sub-District in Bandung City, among the densely populated settlements, and was focused especially on Sukahaji Village, a sub-unit of Babakan Ciparay, which is the most densely populated village in Bandung City with up to 234.14 people/ha. There have been six structural fires recorded from 2007 until 2010 occurring in Sukahaji. This study applied stratified random sampling as the preferred sampling technique and data collection method from a total population of 3,227 buildings. The data was then examined using risk analysis. The results have led to two intervention measures suggested as mitigation scenarios for residential fires that can be applied within the Sukahaji Village. The study concludes that mitigation measures through strengthening community capacity can be the principal option in reducing risk to fires in densely populated urban settlements.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Health Burden Misclassification from the Use of Different PM2.5 Exposure Tier Models: A Case Study of London

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Vasilis Kazakos ◽  
Zhiwen Luo ◽  
Ian Ewart
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
London Underground

Exposure to PM2.5 has been associated with increased mortality in urban areas. Hence, reducing the uncertainty in human exposure assessments is essential for more accurate health burden estimates. Here, we quantified the misclassification that occurred when using different exposure approaches to predict the mortality burden of a population using London as a case study. We developed a framework for quantifying the misclassification of the total mortality burden attributable to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in four major microenvironments (MEs) (dwellings, aboveground transportation, London Underground (LU) and outdoors) in the Greater London Area (GLA), in 2017. We demonstrated that differences exist between five different exposure Tier-models with incrementally increasing complexity, moving from static to more dynamic approaches. BenMap-CE, the open source software developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, was used as a tool to achieve spatial distribution of the ambient concentration by interpolating the monitoring data to the unmonitored areas and ultimately estimating the change in mortality on a fine resolution. Indoor exposure to PM2.5 is the largest contributor to total population exposure concentration, accounting for 83% of total predicted population exposure, followed by the London Underground, which contributes approximately 15%, despite the average time spent there by Londoners being only 0.4%. After incorporating housing stock and time-activity data, moving from static to most dynamic metric, Inner London showed the highest reduction in exposure concentration (i.e., approximately 37%) and as a result the largest change in mortality (i.e., health burden/mortality misclassification) was observed in central GLA. Overall, our findings showed that using outdoor concentration as a surrogate for total population exposure but ignoring different exposure concentration that occur indoors and time spent in transit, led to a misclassification of 1174–1541 mean predicted mortalities in GLA. We generally confirm that increasing the complexity and incorporating important microenvironments, such as the highly polluted LU, could significantly reduce the misclassification of health burden assessments.

Temporary versus Permanent Population Mobility in Melanesia: A Case Study from Vanuatu

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 806-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Haberkorn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Contemporary Reality

Melanesia's urban population tripled from a mere 7 percent of the region's total population in 1955 to 20 percent by 1985. The recency and magnitude of this development and the absence of any established forms of urban living in the region's precolonial history virtually rules out natural population growth as the principal cause behind this process of rapid urbanization and suggests massive internal population mobility as the most likely cause. The overall picture conveyed by the Melanesian mobility literature, however, emphasizes rural-based circular mobility as the predominant form of population mobility in the region. Seeking to reconcile this contrast, this article argues that much of the alleged continued predominance of circular mobility owes more to its underlying operationalizations, ways of measurement, and theoretical conceptualizations than reflects contemporary reality. This argument is substantiated by an analysis of recent developments in Vanuatu mobility set in the local and historical conditions of migration from the island of Paama. It is demonstrated how specific structural transformations on the island and in urban areas throughout this century were not only conducive to a change from temporary to long-term or permanent rural absences, but how they also have emerged as the direct result of mobility, thus highlighting the latter's dialectical nature. Evidence for this mobility change is derived from a comparative analysis of lifetime mobility histories of urban and rural Paamese men and women.

scholarly journals CREATING SUSTAINABLE CITIES THROUGH DISASTER RESILIENCE IN TURKEY

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W4 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
E. Alarslan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> By 2050, almost 66 per cent of the world’s population will live in urban areas. While the urban settlements provide better living opportunities for people, they are also tremendously exhausting natural resources. Thus, as one of the 17 sustainable development goals, “sustainable cities and communities” is promoted by the United Nations. Over the course of the last 70 years, Turkey has experienced one of the most significant urbanization experiences in the world. Recently, cities accommodate over 75 percent of the country’s population. Furthermore, they are prone to high disaster risks due to their dense population and construction in Turkey. Of note, the two perilous earthquakes in 1999 (Izmit &amp;amp; Duzce), provided Turkey significant experiences. They gave rise to reviewing the entire disaster mitigation system. Nevertheless, the earthquake in the City of Van (24.10.2011) revealed some deficiencies in the process of implementing disaster mitigation measures. To remedy these deficiencies, the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) prepared a new law on “Transformation of Areas under the Disaster Risks” (Law No. 6306). The law sets out principles and standards of disaster mitigation and process and procedures with respect to areas prone to disaster risks as well as buildings at risks in and out of disaster prone areas. In this paper, the aforementioned experience of Turkey will be reviewed in terms of sustainable cities and communities goal. Furthermore, the relevant implementations will be reviewed with a view to creating better solutions as well as decreasing undesired consequences such as compulsory displacement of people and degradation of urban environment.</p>

scholarly journals Demographic and functional evaluation of urban areas in Vojvodina region

2014 ◽  
pp. 593-605
Author(s):  
Vlasta Kokotovic ◽  
Aleksandra Spalevic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Aging Index ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Quantitative Procedure

The article illustrates the procedure of quantitative demographic and functional evaluation of urban areas in Vojvodina region. Evaluation is based on seven indicators such as total population, population change index, aging index, the share of employees in primary sector, the share of employees in total population, the share of economically active population (noncommuters) and the share of commuters in economically active population of all urban settlements in Vojvodina region. Quantitative procedure of demographic and functional valorization of urban areas is based on a rank method. According to the results of applied procedure, the categories of urban areas are determined. Each category demonstrates a level of demographic development and correlation between demographic potential and suitable geographical and traffic position. The article is an attempt to perceive better the demographic processes in settlements. Moreover, we pay attention to a different approach in the research of urban settlements network in Vojvodina region.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Pupils’ Absenteeism at Felicormfort Junior High School (JHS) in Cape Coast, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Felix Senyametor ◽  
Emmanuel Kofi Gyimah ◽  
Vincent Mensah Minadzi
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
The University ◽  
District Assemblies

This study aimed at finding out factors affecting pupils&rsquo; absenteeism at Felicomfort JHS at Amamoma within the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. The total population was 145 covering the JHS1, JHS2, JHS3 pupils and teachers of the school. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 34 respondents. These were made up of 10 out of 15 teachers, 10 parents out of 53 and 14 pupils out of their accessible population of 56. Pretest, posttest, questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data from respondents. Case study design was used for the study and data analysis was done, using mean values, frequency and percentage counts with the Predictive Analytical Software (PASW) version 21. Key findings of the study indicated that 71.4 percent of absenteeism was due to teachers&rsquo; inability to care and find out from pupils the cause of their absenteeism, while 70 percent of respondents indicated that parental lack of care was the major cause of their absenteeism. However, majority (10) of respondents (71%) disagreed that pupils&rsquo; attitudes were part of the contributory factors to their habitual absenteeism. The overall percentage mean (58%) representing 8 of the pupils discounted teacher factor as responsible for their absenteeism. It was recommended that government through the District Assemblies offer some financial assistance to poor and single parents to enable them to adequately cater for their wards at school.

scholarly journals ASSESSING CYCLE LANES USING THE BICYCLE COMPATIBILITY INDEX (BCI) IN SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusfida Ayu Abdullah ◽  
Syifa’Azwa Ahmad Razi ◽  
Na’asah Nasrudin ◽  
Zulkifli Ahmad Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Compatibility Index

The evolution of bicycles is tremendous. Humans recognized its function, importance, and value this non-motorized vehicle as an important part of their daily life. In Malaysia, most urban roads are designed for the motor vehicle therefore cycling is not a greater option for commuting to workplaces. This study aims at assessing the compatibility level of cycle lanes. Section 14, Shah Alam, Malaysia was selected as the case study, and a questionnaire survey utilizing the Simple Random Sampling technique was conducted involving 133 samples. The Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI) was applied to calculate the capability of bicycle lanes. Results demonstrated the weaknesses of bike path infrastructure and its compliance to guidelines. The compatibility level of cycle lanes is still low, therefore, suggesting an enhanced approach to the planning and development of cycle lanes. The outcome of this study can be a guide to the local authority yet applicable to other urban areas.

scholarly journals Transformational leadership in urban educational settings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Chauncey Granger
Keyword(s):  
Urban Education ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Maximum Variation

Urban education has both internal and external challenges that place inner city students at an extreme disadvantage. They are at risk of educational equity and access to knowledge and skills necessary to compete in a constantly evolving global society (Oakes, Franke, Quartz, Rogers, 2002). Jean Anyon (2005), identifies failed, short-term educational policies such as urban family dynamics, and underprepared teachers and principals as secondary contributors of the ills of urban education. This challenge is compounded by the majority of students living in poverty not having their basic needs met before they begin school each day. One of the major challenges in urban education lies within school leadership. In many schools teachers feel isolated from colleagues, school leadership and the community. The role of the principal over time has drastically evolved from a managerial role to an instructional leader role (Dhuey and Smith, 2014). This requires principals to become change agents that will challenge teachers to explore new and innovative ways of approaching teaching. The purpose of this study is to examine leaders and faculty of secondary urban schools that provide a culture of commitment to high levels of collegiality, high expectations, and professional learning. This research will illustrate how leaders in urban, secondary schools transform the cultures of schools and raise the commitment levels of teachers while sustaining academic gains for students. This research will search for evidence of a school environment conducive to the real world challenges of the twenty first century urban education. The specific form of qualitative research that will be used is a collective case study. In this case study, maximum-variation sampling was chosen to enable the researcher to identify secondary schools with sustained cultures of high academic performance, located in urban areas as a means to study schools. Teacher leaders will be selected by implementing a maximum variation of sampling technique, identifying a group of teachers that have expertise in diversity to create a heterogeneous sampling group. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Appendix 1) will be used to evaluate the leadership styles of Principals. The tool will allow individuals to measure their perceptions of their leadership behaviors by utilizing a self-leadership form (Avolio and Bass, 2004). For the purpose of this research, focus groups will be grouped with teachers from improved secondary, urban schools, which are under corrective action status by the state department of education and Principals from similar schools, which utilize transformational leadership methods in their practice.

scholarly journals Public Housing Environment and Depression: Case Study Bandar Baru Sentul

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Masyitah Ghazali ◽  
Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi ◽  
Oliver Hoon Leh Ling ◽  
Yinxue Weng
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

Depression is one of the common mental health problems worldwide, and in Malaysia, it is mostly from low-income groups. Due to this factor, most low-income groups in urban areas will reside in public housing due to high living costs. This study aims to understand the public housing environment's effect on mental health. The objectives are to study and analyses states of depression in public housing and its relationship with the surrounding built environment. This study was conducted at the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The questionnaire is an adaptation of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21). The sampling technique using homogenous sampling in the selected case study area. The selected area is based on several characteristics, which are housing typologies, green areas, and density. The collected data were analysed using correlation analysis and compared with the theoretical framework to study the relationship between the surrounding environment and depression. The results have shown that public housing's surrounding built environment is associated with depressive symptoms and mental health wellbeing. The findings also show that the surrounding built environment may contribute to mental health wellbeing and worsen existing sufferers' condition. Keywords: built environment; urban; depression; mental health

scholarly journals An Investigation On The Liveability Of Urban Settlement. Case Study: Mandy Villa, Segambut, Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Oliver Ling Hoon Leh ◽  
Muhammad Hanif Abdul Aziz ◽  
Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi ◽  
Abdul Rauf Abdul Rasam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
The Relationship

Urban areas are the main centres of growth in every country. However, urban areas face challenges such as environmental destruction, social deprivation, insecurity, health problem, and accessibility issue. These problems affect liveability level of the urban settlements. Liveability is influenced by the aspects of physical environment and social. A study had been carried out in Kuala Lumpur city with the Mandy Villa at Segambut as the study area. The purpose of the study is to investigate the liveability level of the study area and the relationship with the urban planning aspects of physical, and social. A questionnaire survey had been carried out. The respondents with different socio-economic background were mostly felt that the study area was liveable. From the relationship analysis by using correlation tests, the study found that some of the physical planning aspects and most of the social aspects were positively and significantly correlated to the liveability level. With the research findings, town planners, developers and government agencies are able to have a better understanding of the physical and social determinants of liveability. However, more future studies should be carried out for different cities and towns to further improve the understanding on the topic of urban liveability.

scholarly journals Post Construction Effectiveness of Kathmandu-Naubise Alternative Road

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Anjana Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
College Of Engineering

<p>Transportation is the backbone of the economic development of any developing country. Therefore, Nepal has emphasized on the construction of new roads both in the rural and urban areas. But there are various types and degrees of environmental problems associated with the construction of roads in Nepal. Kathmandu-Naubise Alternative Road has been taken in the case study for the research work. The project directly deals with the Twelve Environmental issues and their performance indicators which are contain in EMAP. This study emphasizes on the mitigation measures implementation in the project. This study has evaluated the degree of effective implementation of mitigation measures.</p>The study has evaluated the arrangement in the project design and implementation aspects. It is concluded that the enforcement in the implementation is the key to the success of the project.<br /><p><em>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol. 1, 2015,</em> pp. 25-33</p>

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