PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN TERUMBU KARANG DITINJAU DARI BANYAKNYA WISATAWAN DI TANJUNG GELAM KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA  MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT LANDSAT 8 OLI

Terumbu karang merupakan salah satu sumberdaya pesisir dan lautan yang mempunyai produktifitas dan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi. Keberadaan terumbu karang banyak memberikan pengaruh pada masyarakat Karimunjawa, sebagai panorama alam yang menarik untuk kegiatan wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat perkembangan wisata, tingkat sensitifitas dan kondisi terumbu karang serta perubahan luasanya di kawasan Tanjung Gelam. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2017 bertempat di kawasan pemanfaatan bahari Tanjung Gelam, Kepulauan Karimunjawa Jepara. Metode pengukuran sensitifitas mengacu pada pengukuran kerentanan ekosistem terumbu karang parameter pengamatan yang diambil yaitu kondisi tutupan karang hidup, kerapatan terumbu karang, kelimpahan ikan, tipe pertumbuhan terumbu karang, status perlindungan, spesies yang dilindungi, dan kelandaian. Kuesisoner digunakan untuk mengetahu respon dan prilaku wisatawan pada kawasan tanjung gelam dengan jumlah responden yang diambil yaitu 25 wisatawan, 10 pedagang dan 10 operator wisata. Pengolaan citra satelit menggunakan transformasi Lyzenga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkembangan wisata di Kepulauan karimunjawa dari tahun 2014-2016 mencapai kenaikan sebanyak 39.178 orang, sedangkan tingkat sensitifitas ekosisitem terumbu karang di kawasan tanjung gelam berada pada kategori rendah dengan nilai 2,14, dengan kondisi tutpan karang hidup pada kriteria rusak buruk dengan nilai rata rata 10,28% dan perubahan luasan tutupan terumbukarang di Tanjung Gelam didapatkan perubahan luasan habitat terumbu karang yang berkurang sebesar 4,22 Ha dari tahun 2015-2017. Coral reefs are one of the coastal and ocean resources that have high productivity and biodiversity. The existence of coral reefs give much influence to the people of Karimunjawa, as an interesting natural panorama for tourism activities. This research aims to determine the level of tourism development, the level of sensitivity and condition of coral reefs and changes in the area of Tanjung Gelam. The research was conducted in August 2017 located in Tanjung Gelam marine utilization area, Karimunjawa island of Jepara. Methods of measurement of sensitivity include the measurement of living coral cover conditions, coral reef density, fish abundance, coral growth type, protection status, protected species, and cleverness. Questionnaires are used to find out the responses and behavior of tourists in the region of Tanjung Pinam with the number of respondents taken are 25 tourists, 10 merchants and 10 tour operators. Satellite image managers use the Lyzenga transformation. The results showed that the development of tourism in Karimunjawa Islands from 2014-2016 reached as much as 39,178 people, while the level of coral reef ecosystem sensitivity in the region of Tanjung Pinang was in the low category with a value of 2.14, with the living coral study on badly damaged criteria with value the average of 10.28 and the change of cover area in Tanjung Gelam found a change in coral reef habitat area which decreased by 4.22 Ha from 2015-2017 year.

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INVENTARIZATION OF CORAL REEFS IN THE WATERS OF RAKATA ISLAND, KRAKATAU ISLANDS

AQUASAINS ◽

10.23960/aqs.v8i1.p775-782 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 775

Author(s):

M Husien Ferdiansyah ◽

Endang Linirin Widiastuti ◽

Teguh Ismail ◽

Gregorius Nugroho Susanto

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Volcanic Activity ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Marine Reserve ◽

Live Coral ◽

Living Coral ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

Line Intercept

Abstrak Indonesia is an ideal place for coral growth because of the tropical climate. Rakata Island is included in the Krakatau Islands Nature Reserve and Marine Reserve area which is influenced by the volcanic activity of son of Krakatau Archipelago and human activities. Both of these activities will affect the growth of coral reefs. The purpose of this study was to determine the current condition of coral reefs and the diversity of living coral forms on Rakata Island. Collecting data for analysis of coral reef cover using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method was parallel to the coastline of Rakata Island at two points. The percentage of live coral cover from points I and II at a depth of 5 meters was 50.69% and 33.80% classified as in good and moderate conditions respectively. While the percentage of live coral cover at a depth of 10 meters at points I and II were 41.90 % and 16.01% whice were in moderate and poor conditions. The coral reefs mostly found in point I were leaf corals (CF) namely Turbinaria reniformis and Turbinaria frondens, while in point II were massive corals (CM) were found i.e. Goniastrea edwardsi, Favia pallida, Montastrea valenciennesi, Favites abdita, Astreopora listeria, and Favites complanata.

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Status of Coral Reefs in the Water of Spermonde, Makassar, South Sulawesi

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132403007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 324 ◽

pp. 03007

Author(s):

Ni Wayan Purnama Sari ◽

Rikoh Manogar Siringoringo ◽

Muhammad Abrar ◽

Risandi Dwirama Putra ◽

Raden Sutiadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Live Coral ◽

Health Index ◽

Point Count ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

Reef Health ◽

Index Value

Observations of the condition of coral reefs have been carried out in Spermonde waters from 2015 to 2018. The method used in this observation uses Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), and the data obtained is analyzed using CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions) software. The results show that the percentage of coral cover has increased from year to year. The percentage of live coral cover in 2015 was 19.64%, 23.60 in 2016, 23.72% in 2017, and 27.83% in 2018. The increase in live coral cover from year to year is thought to occur due to the availability of nutrients. or increasing public awareness, considering this location is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Makassar. Coral reef health index values can be used to classify coral reef health. Through the analysis of the coral reef health index, an index value of 4 was obtained, which means that the condition of the coral reefs is in the “moderate” category.

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Analysis Condition of Coral Reef Covering in Pramuka Island Waters, Seribu Islands using Line Intercept Transect (LIT) Method

Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya ◽

10.26740/jrba.v2n2.p77-81 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Rega Permana ◽

Nora Akbarsyah ◽

Pringgo KDNY Putra ◽

Aulia Andhikawati

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Life Forms ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽

Marine Tourism ◽

Tourist Destinations ◽

Line Intercept ◽

Reef Ecosystem

The coral reef ecosystem is one of the typical tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity which has an important role both biologically, ecologically, physically as well as socially and economically. Several coral reef areas in Indonesia were reported to have suffered damage, not only due to climate change which has an impact on rising sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification but also due to anthropogenic factors and irresponsible management of marine tourism. This study aimed to analyze the condition of coral reefs based on covering in Pramuka Island, which is one of the famous tourist destinations in the Seribu Islands. The study was conducted using Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method at predetermined coordinate points. The results showed that the dominant coral reef life form was Acropora Submassive (ACS), namely 18.9%, and Acropora Branching (ACB) as much as 12.48%. Besides, the types of life forms found were coral foliase (9.42%), Miliepora Coral (9.2%), Coral Massive (4.8%), Acropora Encrustring (4.24%), and so on. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the condition of coral reefs in Pramuka Island is still relatively good with a total coral cover percentage of 72.38%. Efforts to protect the coral reef ecosystem in this area need to be considered so that its condition can be maintained.

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Keanekaragaman dan Biomassa Ikan Karang serta Keterkaitannya dengan Tutupan Karang Hidup di Perairan Manggis, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali

Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.24843/jmas.2019.v05.i02.p02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

I Made Raditya Putra ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa ◽

Elok Faiqoh

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Reef Fish ◽

Coral Reef Fish ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Live Coral ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Living Coral ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Live Coral Cover

The existence of coral reef fish is closely related to the availability of coral reef resource as a habitat. Coral reef fish is a biota that has a fascination with a variety of color patterns and fascinating. Differences in coral cover conditions will affect the abundance of coral reef fish, especially those with strong linkages to living corals. This research was conducted in June - August 2017 by using line intercept transect (LIT) method for coral cover percentage and visual census method for biodiversity and biomass of coral reef fish with 3 research stations in Manggis waters, Karangasem. From the research results, it shows that the diversity index ranged between 2.54 - 2.70 which means the diversity of coral reef fish in the medium category and the stability of the community is in the medium. Furthermore, total biomass of coral reef fish ranged between 186,17 - 1692,08 kg / ha. The results stated that the percentage of live coral cover in Manggis waters ranged from 3.83% to 12.44% which means that live coral cover is categorized as bad. A very strong positive correlation between living coral conditions and coral reef fish biomass was 92.42%. Meanwhile, the relationship between living coral conditions and the diversity of coral reef fish had a strong positive correlation of 65.4%. The diversity of coral reef fish in waters is not only caused by live coral cover; however, it is caused by coral reef ecosystems that are associated in the bottom of the waters.

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TUTUPAN TERUMBU KARANG KABUPATEN KOTABARU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN (STUDI KASUS PERAIRAN SEPAGAR)

Fish Scientiae ◽

10.20527/fs.v3i6.1140 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Deddy Dharmaji

Keyword(s):

Coral Reefs ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Patch Reef ◽

Shallow Waters ◽

Living Coral ◽

Dead Coral ◽

Total Percentage ◽

Coral Sand ◽

The Village ◽

Management And Conservation

This research aims to know the percentage of living coral cover in the village of Sepagar. The benefits of this research are as input for the parties involved in the efforts of the management and conservation of coral reefs in the waters of the village Sepagar. The results of the observation and calculation of the coral reefs is done using the method of Point Intercept Trancek (PIT) shows that the community of coral reefs in the waters of the Sepagar included in the types of coral reefs of the sandbar (patch reef). Generally burnt coral reefs grow and develop in the relatively shallow waters with depths ranging from 1-5 meters. The results showed on the three stations found 7 of the 10 components of the reef that is. Acropora (AC), Non-Acropora (NA), Dead Coral with Algae (DCA), Dead Coral (DC), Soft Coral Sand (SC) (S), and the Rubble (R). Component not found is Fleshy Seawed (FS), Rock (RK) and Silt (SL). At station 1, the total percentage of living coral closure (living cover) by 51.4%, In station 2 of 55,3 % , and in station 3 of 51.3 % .The percentage the coral lived in waters sepagar in good not far different the percentage the coral live in every station.

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ANALISIS HABITAT DAN PERUBAHAN LUASAN TERUMBU KARANG DI PULAU MENJANGAN BESAR, KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT

Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) ◽

10.14710/marj.v5i4.14435 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 302-310

Author(s):

Rio Januardi ◽

Agus Hartoko ◽

Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Good Condition ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Geometric Center ◽

Sensing Technology ◽

Coral Reef Area ◽

Short Time ◽

Line Intercept

ABSTRAK Perairan Indonesia menyimpan keanekaragaman hayati laut karang tertinggi, diperkirakan luas ekosistem terumbu karang Indonesia mencapai 50.000 km2 yaitu 25 persen dari luas terumbu karang dunia. Penggunaan teknologi penginderaan jauh merupakan salah satu alternatif yang tepat untuk mendeteksi terumbu karang bagi negara yang mempunyai wilayah yang sangat luas dan memerlukan waktu yang relatif singkat serta biaya murah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, kondisi, perubahan luasan dan tingkat akurasi monitoring terumbu karang di Pulau Menjangan Besar menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 8. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2015-Januari 2016 di Pulau Menjangan Besar dan di Laboratorium Marine Geometric Center, Jurusan Perikanan UNDIP. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode eksploratif untuk mengetahui jenis dan kondisi terumbu karang menggunakan metode Line Intersept Transect dan metode koreksi kolom air atau Lyzenga. Hasil penelitian menemukan kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Menjangan Besar masih dalam kondisi baik dengan persentase penutupan karang sebesar 51,6 persen. Jenis terumbu karang yang terdapat di Pulau Menjangan Besar yaitu Acropora sp, Stylopora sp, Porites sp, Favia sp, Heliopora sp, Euphylia sp, Pocilopora sp, Goniopora sp dan Favites sp dengan nilai keaneragaman sebesar 1.28 tergolong sedang/moderat dan nilai dominasi sebesar 0.58. Terumbu karang mengalami penurunan luasan sebesar 7,92 Ha dari tahun 2013-2015. Tingkat akurasi penggunaan citra satelit Landsat 8 yaitu 81,25 persen. Kata kunci :Persentase penutupan karang; Luasan habitat; Menjangan Besar; Penginderaan jauh ABSTRACTThe ocean of Indonesia has the highest biodiversity of Coral Reef, the extent of Indonesian’s coral reefs widely predicted 50.000 km2 which is about 25% of the world’s. The use of remote sensing technology is one the alternatives that is appropriate for the detection of coral reefs for a country that has a very wide area and requires a relatively short time and reasonable cost. This study aimed to determine the type; condition; changes in the area; and the level of monitoring coral reefs accuracy in Menjangan Besar Island used Landsat 8 satellite. The study was conducted on November 2015 until January 2016 in Menjangan Besar Island and the Marine Geometric Center, Fisheries Department at Diponegoro University. This research uses an explorative method to determine the type and condition of coral reefs using line intercept transect method and correction on water column method or Lyzenga. The result of this research is the condition of coral reefs in Menjangan Besar in the good condition with the cover percentage of coral at 51.6%. The species of Coral reefs in Menjangan Besar are identified as Acropora sp, Stylopora sp, Porites sp, Favia sp, Heliopora sp, Euphylia sp, Pocilopora sp, Goniopora sp and Favites sp with the value of diversity about 1.28 classified as moderate and the value of dominance of 0.58. The coral reef area decreased by 7.92 ha of the year 2013 to 2015. The accuracy level used Landsat 8 imagery satellite is 81.25%. This level of accuracy using Landsat 8 satellite imagery is 81.25%. Keywords :Percentages of coral reef cover; Extents habitat; Menjangan Besar; Remote sensing.

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Urgent need for coral demography in a world where corals are disappearing

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 635 ◽

pp. 233-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

PJ Edmunds ◽

B Riegl

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Ecological Monitoring ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Coral Abundance ◽

Scientific Endeavor ◽

Reef Monitoring

Coral reefs have long attracted attention because of their biological and economic importance, but this interest now has turned to examining the possibility of functional extirpation. Widespread declines in coral abundances have fueled the shift in motivation for studying reefs and catalyzed the proliferation of monitoring to record the changes underway. Despite appreciation of monitoring as a scientific endeavor, its primary use has continued to be the quantification of cover of coral, macroalgae, and a few other space holders. The limitations of coral cover in evaluating the consequences of changing coral abundance were highlighted decades ago. Yet neglect of the tools most appropriate for this task (demographic approaches) and continuing emphasis on a tool (coral cover) that is not ideal, indicates that these limitations are not widely appreciated. Reef monitoring therefore continues to underperform with respect to its potential, thus depriving scientists of the approaches necessary to project the fate of coral reefs and test hypotheses focused on the proximal causes of declining coral cover. We make the case that the coral reef crisis creates a need for coral demography that is more acute now than 4 decades ago. Modern demographic approaches are well suited to meet this need, but to realize their potential, consideration will need to be given to the possibility of expanding ecological monitoring of coral reefs to provide the data necessary for demographic analyses of their foundation taxon, the Scleractinia.

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Data Integration Through WebGIS to Inform Spatial Status of Coral Reefs in Lampung Province, Indonesia

Journal of Applied Geospatial Information ◽

10.30871/jagi.v4i2.2148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 396-402

Author(s):

Adib Mustofa ◽

Budhi Agung Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Data Integration ◽

Ecosystem Management ◽

West Coast ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Ecosystem Monitoring ◽

Reef Monitoring

Data integration of structured ecosystem monitoring is crucial to support decision making for better marine ecosystem management. Coral reef monitoring data had been carried out in several separated studies in Lampung Province. However, lacks data integration among scientists and institutions making them inefficient as a basis of science for ecosystem management and decision making. This study was aimed to integrate available coral reef data in the last 15 years in Lampung Province and inform the spatial status of coral reef cover through WebGIS. Secondary data of coral reef study in the last 15 years were acquired from published articles and online-available-institutional reports. Data were then converted to digital mode prior to publishing them in the form of a website database through WebGIS. Results suggested that there were four main areas of coral reef studies in Lampung Province, namely Lampung bay, Krakatau, Bakauheni, and Lampung west coast. One-way ANOVA analysis of the last 5-year coral data shown there were no spatial differences on coral cover the four areas. Coral cover in Lampung west coast was generally in good shape at 56.13±1.74% and was higher compared to those in Lampung bay, Bakauheni, dan Krakatau regions, at 46.57±2.23%, 36.48±1.58%, and 35.6±3.69%, respectively. All coral data was published through WebGIS at https://sll.itera.ac.id/research/webgis . It is recommended this WebGIS could serve as a reference to conduct long-term coral reef monitoring in Lampung since it provides coordinates and coral reef status as baseline data for further analysis of coral reefs ecosystem.

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Dampak Kegiatan Pariwisata terhadap Status Tutupan Terumbu Karang dan Valuasi Ekonomi di Kepulauan Karimunjawa The Impact of Tourism Activities on The Status of Coral Reef Cover and Economic Valuation in Karimunjawa Island

Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) ◽

10.14710/marj.v9i1.27762 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 72-80

Author(s):

Ary Hendri Pribadi ◽

Suryanti Suryanti ◽

Churun Ain

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Economic Valuation ◽

Economic Value ◽

Travel Cost ◽

Travel Cost Method ◽

The Status ◽

The Impact ◽

Line Intercept

ABSTRAK Pulau Karimunjawa adalah salah satu objek destinasi wisata keindahan ekosistem terumbu karang. Kunjungan wisatawan di Karimunjawa dapat berdampak pada terumbu karang dan nilai ekonomi pariwisata. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada April-Mei 2019 di Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak pariwisata terhadap nilai status tutupan terumbu karang dengan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT) di Pulau Tanjung Gelam, Pulau Menjangan Besar dan Pulau Cemara Kecil serta nilai valuasi ekonomi pariwisata dengan menggunakan metode biaya perjalanan atau Travel Cost Method (TCM). Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yaitu jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang datang ke Pulau Karimunjawa meningkat sejak tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2018. Kondisi status tutupan terumbu karang yang diperoleh dalam kondisi baik dengan nilai karang hidup yang didapatkan pada Pulau Tanjung Gelam 61,6%, Pulau Menjangan Besar 70,8% dan Pulau Cemara Kecil 57,3%. Luasan terumbu karang pada tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2018 di Pulau Mejangan Besar dan Cemara Kecil mengalami penurunan. Sedangkan nilai valuasi ekonomi tahun 2016 sejumlah Rp.125.426.860,- 2017 dan 2018 sejumlah Rp.135.437.480,- dan Rp.156.932.039,-. Dampak wisatawan yang berkunjung tahun 2016-2018 pada valuasi ekonominya tiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan. Hasil nilai valuasi ekonomi yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini,nilai rata-rata TCM pada wilayah Kabupaten Jepara Rp.1.111.023,- dan nilai ekonomi pertahunnya Rp.3.369.031.988,-. Rata-rata biaya perjalanan luar wilayah Kabupaten Jepara Rp.1.146.314,- dan nilai biaya pertahunnya Rp.12.324.171.938,-. Nilai total valuasi ekonomi dari dalam wilayah Kabupaten Jepara dan luar wilayah Kabupaten Jepara yaitu Rp.156.693.203.925,-. ABSTRACT Karimunjawa Island is one of the tourist destinations of the beauty of the coral reef ecosystem. Tourist visits in Karimunjawa can have an impact on coral reefs and the economic value of tourism. This research was conducted in April-May 2019 in the Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of tourism on the status of coral cover status using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method on Tanjung Gelam Island, Menjangan Besar Island and Cemara Kecil Island and the economic valuation value of tourism using the travel cost method or the Travel Cost Method ( TCM). The results obtained from this study are the number of tourist arrivals to Karimunjawa Island increased from 2016 to 2018. The status of coral cover status obtained in good condition with the value of live coral obtained on Pulau Tanjung Gelam 61.6%; Pulau Menjangan Besar 70.8% and Pulau Cemara Kecil 57.3%. The extent of coral reefs in 2016 to 2018 on Pulau Mejangan Besar and Pulau Cemara Kecil declined. While the value of economic valuations in 2016 amounted to Idr.125,426,860,- 2017 and 2018 amounted to Idr.135,437,480,- and Idr.156,932,039,-. The impact of tourists visiting 2016-2018 on their economic valuations has increased each year. The results of the economic valuation obtained in this study, the average value of TCM in the Jepara Regency region is Idr.1,111,023, and the annual economic value is Idr.3,369,031,988. The average cost of trips outside the area of Jepara Regency is Idr.1,146,314, and the annual cost is Idr.12,321,171,938. The total value of economic valuations from within the Jepara Regency and outside the Jepara Regency is Idr.156,693,203,925.

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Climate Change Induced Thermal Stress Caused Recurrent Coral Bleaching over Gulf of Kachchh and Malvan Marine Sanctuary, West Coast of India

10.5772/intechopen.96806 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohit Arora ◽

Kalyan De ◽

Nandini Ray Chaudhury ◽

Mandar Nanajkar ◽

Prakash Chauhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stress ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Coral Bleaching ◽

Large Scale ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Imminent Threat ◽

Marginal Reefs

Coral reefs are one of the most sensitive, productive, and invaluable biological resources on the earth. However, coral reefs are facing unprecedented stress due to ongoing climate changes and intensified anthropogenic disturbances globally. Elevated Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has emerged as the most imminent threat to the thermos-sensitive reef-building corals. The 2010–2014-2016 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) caused prolonged marine heat waves (MHWs) that led to the most widespread coral bleaching and mortality in the tropical Indi-Pacific regions. Coral bleaching prediction is vital for the management of the reef biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and services. Recent decades, satellite remote sensing has emerged as a convenient tool for large-scale coral reef monitoring programs. As thermal stress is a critical physical attribute for coral bleaching hence, the present study examines the effectiveness of the elevated SSTs as a proxy to predict coral bleaching in shallow water marginal reefs. Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data from the NOAA Coral Reef Watch’s (CRW) platform has been used for this study. Coral bleaching indices like Bleaching Threshold (BT), Positive SST Anomaly (PA), and Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) are computed to analyze the thermal stress on the coral reefs. The computed thermal stress from satellite-derived SST data over regions concurrence with the mass coral bleaching (MCB) events. This study concludes that in the last decades (2010 to 2019) the coral cover around these regions has dramatically declined due to higher SST, which indicates that the thermal stress induced recurrent bleaching events attributed to the coral loss.

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