scholarly journals Oedipus Sang Raja dan Bujang Munang: Mitos Peletak Dasar Larangan Incest dalam Masyarakat

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Laura Andri Retno Martini

Folklore is a story of the past that characterizes every nation with its diverse cultures, including the rich culture and history of each nation. The folklore that tells incest is found all over the world. In almost all ethnic groups there is an incest first mythology. Versions are submitted vary, depending on the social life of the community. Bujang Munang and Oedipus are cultural myth stories that have the theme of the origin of the incest ban. Oedipus is a myth that developed in Greece while Bujang Munang is a myth that developed in Nanga Serawai Santang district of West Kalimantan. There is a linkage of the basic structure of the narrative in the story of Oedipus and Bujang Munang. Incest behavior is also not allowed to occur in the norms of life of Greek society and the people of West Kalimantan. There will be unfavorable consequences for incest and surrounding people if the rule is violated.

JOGED ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Gustira Monita

ABSTRAKTari Guel dipahami sebagai sebuah simbolis gerak yang memberikan interaksi dinamis pada penontonnya, yaitu tentang pembentukan makna dalam realitas kehidupan sehari-hari oleh-orang-orang Gayo. Dalam memahami bentuk keseluruhan ataupun makna yang terkandug di dalamnya Tari Guel lebih mengutamakan rasa. Tari Guel juga dipandang sebagai museum gerak tak benda yang menyimpan banyak sejarah masyarakat Gayo. Guel adalah identitas penting suku Gayo, menyimpan banyak simbol sejarah yang sudah sepatutnya dipecahkan dan diungkapkan. Agar suku Gayo dan keberadaannya tidak hilang terbawa arus modernisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Antropologi, yang memandang seni sebagai bagian dari aktivitas budaya manusia. Pendekatan Antropologi digunakan untuk melihat konteks, yang akan membedah kehidupan sosial masyarakat dan adat istiadat Gayo, yang berkaitan dengan Tari Guel dan keberadaannya yang masih dijaga serta dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Gayo. Selain itu penelitian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan Koreografis. Pendekatan ini adalah sebagai teks yang digunakan untuk membedah bagaimana bentuk penyajian dan keseluruhan struktur yang terdapat pada Tari Guel.ABSTRACT Guel dance is understood as a symbolic movement that provides dynamic interaction to the audience, namely about the formation of meaning in the reality of daily life by the Gayo people. In understanding the overall form or meaning contained in it, Guel Dance prioritizes taste. The Guel dance is also seen as a museum of intangible objects that holds much of the history of the Gayo people. Guel is an important identity of the Gayo tribe, holding many historical symbols that should be solved and revealed. So that the Gayo tribe and its existence will not be lost in the current of modernization. This research uses the Anthropology approach, which views art as part of human cultural activities. Anthropology is defined as the science of humans, specifically about their origin, race, customs, beliefs in the past, society and culture. Anthropology used as a context, which will dissect the social life of the people and the customs of Gayo, relating to the Guel Dance and its existence which is still preserved and preserved by the Gayo people. Besides this research also uses a choreographic approach. This approach is a text used to dissect the form of presentation and overall structure contained in the Guel Dance.


2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 186-196
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Barirah Nazir

The Genre of Drama had always been reflective of social life. The history of drama is as old as of humans on earth. Saraiki drama is believed to be developed from undeveloped but organized expressions of caricatures; such kind of organized caricature is found still in the local area. It is a tradition that people of the lower caste named Bhaands. This kind of art was established by the people who were very poor, and they used to caricature the rich and gentry to amuse them and other people. The present study is aimed to trace the social realities and their representation in Saraiki Drama. Two Saraiki dramas Roshan Zameer and Qatil e Hamsheer had been analyzed in light of the Qualitative Content Analysis model proposed by Altheide(1996). It has been found that selected Saraiki dramas speak the prevailing ideological, social realities. It is suggested that more studies should be conducted to explore tradition and social realities existing in the Saraiki region so that regional social and cultural traditions may get a voice in international literary landscapes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Katherine Hite ◽  
Daniela Jara

In the rich and varied work of memory studies, scholars have turned to exploring the meanings that different communities assign to the past, the social mediations of memories, as well as how the memories of subaltern subjects re-signify the relationship between history and memory. This special issue explores the ever present dynamics of unwieldy pasts through what have been termed “the spectral turn” and “the forensic turn.” We argue that specters (which appear in the literature as ghosts, or as haunting) and exhumations defy notions of temporality or resolution. Both trace the social dynamics that redefine the meanings of the past and that voice suffering, expose institutions’ limits, reveal disputes, explore affect and privilege political resistance. They draw from significant intellectual traditions across disciplinary and thematic boundaries in the natural and social sciences, the humanities, art and fiction. Their intellectual subjects range from work that explores the political struggles of confronting slavery and the possibility of reparations in the Americas long after it was formally abolished, to sensitive treatments of graves of Franco’s Spain. We suggest that both the spectral turn and the forensic turn have provided lenses to conceptualize the social life of unwieldy pasts, by exploring its dynamics, practices, and the cultural transmissions. They have also offered a language to communities that mobilize the political strength of resentment, deepened by the late phase of global capitalism and its consequent, deepening inequalities.


1949 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Easton

In the decline of his life, a disappointed man might well ask himself what destiny would have held in store for him if at some crucial juncture of his maturity he had accepted the earnest advice of a solicitous friend or even of a keen-sighted foe. Today liberalism is confronted with a similar question. It is on the defensive in all parts of the Western world except in the United States. Even there its position is deceptive. Perhaps it survives tenuously under the artificial protective canvas of postwar inflation. Today one can hardly question this threatened eclipse of liberalism. Because of this foreboding, disturbing questions haunt the liberal. What deficiency in liberalism is leading to the abandonment of its tenets throughout Europe? Was there counsel offered and ignored in the past which might have retarded the infirmities of age?The answer to the first question has long been apparent. Yet in practice contemporary liberalism, both of the progressive and nineteenth-century varieties, has never assimilated its essential meaning. Following the French Revolution and the English Reform Act, liberalism began its long history of divorcing theory from practice. In the splendor of Victorian industrial success, this separation was not driven into the consciousness either of the intellectual leaders or of the people. But with the tension, domestic and international, of the eighties, liberals themselves, like T. H. Green and then Hobhouse, undertook the task of correcting some of the glaring discrepancies between the doctrine and the reality. In the light of the basically abstract character of liberalism, these collectivist renovations now appear like amateurish tinkering with a vastly complex apparatus.Liberal doctrine had indeed long been suffering from a negative attitude toward the state. But this was simply a diagnostic symptom of an even deeper defect: liberalism's unconscionable indifference to the material conditions of society, and its ensuing failure to put its theories to the test of the social reality.


2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Damien Carraz

RESUMO: As ordens militares, como senhores eclesiásticos, exerceram a justiça temporal sobre populações das quais elas estavam encarregadas. A historiografia, se ele se interessou pelos conflitos de jurisdição que opuseram os poderes soberanos às comendadorias, subestimou, salvo exceções, as atividades judiciárias destas últimas. Os ricos arquivos das ordens do Hospital e do Templo, no Midi Francês, fornecem belas séries de atas da prática judiciária – clamores, inquéritos criminais, processos verbais de condenações... O caso dos dois senhorios templários de Lansac e de Montfrin e as comparações oferecidas pela importante jurisdição hospitalária de Manosque, recentemente e notavelmente estudada, autorizam uma contribuição sobre o papel dos irmãos guerreiros na difusão dos usos jurídicos e no controle social. O pessoal empregado no serviço destas pequenas justiças senhoriais, os procedimentos utilizados pela justiça criminal, a repressão da delinquência ordinária que assolava estes castra da Baixa Provença e, enfim, os limites opostos ao poder coercitivo do Templo pela organização das comunidades e pelo reforço do Estado foram sucessivamente evocados. O funcionamento, os ideais almejados, assim como a ação repressiva, pouco evidenciam a especificidade desta justiça da Igreja que não recusava o exercício do merum imperium e a aplicação das penas aflitivas. Centradas sobre o século XIII, período de transição na história do procedimento, estas primeiras observações desejariam ser prosseguidas para os dois séculos seguintes: a originalidade da justiça do Hospital, com a instauração de uma ordem moral, mais do que cívica, apareceria mais, tanto que seria necessário avaliar a resistência destes senhorios às reconquistas jurisdicionais do Estado principesco. ABSTRACT:The military orders, as ecclesiastical gentlemen, exercised the temporal justice over populations which they were in charge of. The historiography, if he got interested about the jurisdiction conflicts that have opposed the sovereign powers to the commanderies, underestimated, with some few exceptions, the judicial activities of these last ones. The rich archives from the orders of the hospital and the temple, at the French Midi, provide beautiful series of the judicial practices - clamors, criminal investigations, verbal processes of condemnations... The case of the two templary landlords of Lansac and of Montfrin and the comparisons offered by the important hospitaller jurisdiction of Manosque, recently and notably studied, authorize an contribution over the role of the warrior brothers on the difusion on the juridical uses and on the social control. The people who ar e employed on the service of those small stately justices, the procedures used by the criminal justice, the repression of the ordinary delinquency that plagued those castra of the Low Provence and, ultimately, the limits opposed to the coercive power of the temple for the organization of the communities and for the reinforcement of the state were successively evoked. The operation, the desired ideals, just like the repressive action, do not show at all the specificity of the church's justice which wouldn't refuse the exercise of merum imperium and the application of the afflictive feathers. Centered over the 13th century, period of transaction on the history of procedure, these first observations would desire to be pursued for the two following centuries: the originality of the hospital's justice, with the establishment of a moral order, more than civic, would appear so much more that it would be necessary to evaluate the resistance of tho se landlords to the court re-conquests of the princely State.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Adeng Adeng

AbstrakKegiatan penelitian dan penulisan sejarah sosial baru dilakukan sekitar tahun 1950-an, baik di negara-negara maju maupun di negara-negara yang sedang berkembang. Di negara-negara yang sedang berkembang seperti Indonesia, kegiatan penelitian dan penulisan Sejarah Sosial masih sedikit dilakukan terutama yang bercorak sejarah sosial daerah. Penelitian dan penulisan sejarah yang sering dilakukan bercorak Sejarah Politik dan Sejarah Militer. Sejarah politik isinya menguraikan tentang pemerintahan kerajaan-kerajaan di Indonesia, pada masa pemerintahan Belanda, dan pendudukan Jepang. Sejarah Militer isinya tentang pertempuran-pertempuran baik melawan agresi Belanda maupun facisme Jepang. Dengan tersusunnya Sejarah Sosial Kota Bekasi diharapkan dapat diperoleh gambaran atau potret seluruh aspek kehidupan sosial daerah Kota Bekasi pada masa kini, dengan latar belakang masa lampau untuk memberikan proyeksi pada masa yang akan datang.  Untuk merekontruksi digunakan metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahap, yaitu:  heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Kota Bekasi sebelumnya sebuah kecamatan dari Kabupaten Bekasi. Pada tahun 1982 Kecamatan Bekasi ditingkatkan statusnya menjadi kota administrasi. Pada tahun 1996 kembali ditingkatkan statusnya menjadi kotamadya. Dalam perkembangannya Kota Bekasi menjadi kawasan industri dan kawasan tempat tinggal kaum urban. Kota yang berada dalam lingkungan megapolitan ini merupakan salah satu kota besar urutan keempat di Indonesia yang terdapat di Provinsi Jawa Barat. AbstractThe Research and writing of the new social history made around the 1950s, both in developed countries and in emerging countries. In countries like Indonesia as one of the emerging countries, research and writing of Social History is few, especially about the history of social region.  Research and writing of history is often done patterned with Political History or Military History. The contents of Political history usually outlining with the era of kingdoms, and the governments in Indonesia at the time of Dutch and Japanese occupation.  The contents of Military History usually discussed the battles either against the aggression of the Dutch and Japanese fascism.  With the completion of the Social History of Bekasi City, hopefully it can get a photograph all aspects of the social life of the city of at present, with a background in the past to provide projections of future.  This research used historical method which includes four phases: heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.  In the past Bekasi well known as sub-district of Bekasi District. In 1982 the sub-district of Bekasi upgraded to municipality or administration city. Bekasi become a city in 1996.  In their development, Bekasi become a central of industrial area and as residence of urban society. The town is located in a megapolitan city of Jakarta, and one of the biggest cities in in the province of West Java.


Author(s):  
Musadhique Kottaparamban

Mappila Muslim culture is a mixture of Indian and Arabian traditions and its origin can be traced back to pre-Islamic Arabia. There are many references for tracing Mappilas origin into pre Islamic Arabia. It is believed that Arab Merchants travel to Malabar frequently even before Islam emerged in Arabia. Their historical specificity granted them a unique language, culture, religion, and social life. Cultural assimilation was one of the most notable aspect in Mappila history. The marriage of Hindu women to the Arabs historically helped to form a new progeny called Mappila. When Islam was introduced into the Kerala coast, the people who are known as Mappila did not change totally, they did not accept Arabic as their mother tongue and they did not want to give up Malayalam. Instead they invented a new language, Arabi-Malayalam, to community within the community. This new language played an important role in shaping and negotiating Mappila identity. They faced immense crisis of both the identities of Arab and Malayalam. When they faced a crisis to accommodate both into the community and the larger Malabar, Mappila invented a new way to express and share identity. This is Arabi- Malayalam language which was a religious necessity for Mappila. The rich tradition of this community written language reflects a rich history of cultural interactions, as it is a sensitive barometer of social and historical conditions of the Mappila community.


Author(s):  
Mohammed Akinola Akomolafe

Nigeria, as a geographical entity is replete with various ethnic and cultural identities that have continued to evolve from pre-colonial times to recenttimes. Granted that civilizations from Europe and Arabia have dictated almost all spheres of living, both in the Northern and Southern geographies of the country and eroded nearly all traditional values that would have assisted in curbing social and filial tensions; it is pertinent to inquire into the social relations before this ‘encounter.’ This is important as this research seeks to invoke some aspects of the past that can be relevant for contemporary utility. Hence, through the method of critical analysis, this study takes a look at the socio-economic norms among the pre-colonial cultures that eventually evolved into Nigeria, paying attention to the place of slaves and women and laying emphasis on the filial and communal nature which allowed for a not too wide the gap between the rich and the poor. Even when this study is not unaware of the positive roles of foreign influence, it recounts the deficits of this presence and suggests that aproper way is to explore some indigenous ideas and apply them for contemporary living. Keywords: Culture, Family, Moral Values, Nigeria, Pre-colonial


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Lütfi Şeyban

<p>The purpose of this paper is to identify the cultural characteristics of Islamic cities, which emerge as centers of knowledge, and consequently to draw attention to the cultural level attained by the Muslim states of the era.</p><p>Information on the cultural life and the identities, personalities, the course and venues of education, mentors and students of the scholars are generally contained in sources known as tabakât [i.e. collections] and a'lâm [i.e. traces]. These sources provide detailed information on the scholarship, education and cultural life of Muslim lands, while also shedding light on the cities frequented by the scholars for rihla [i.e. journey undertaken especially for divine wisdom and knowledge]. Information on the level of cultural development of such cities in a given period of time is often set out in sources on the history of cities, history of geography and general history of Islam.</p><p>Information contained in these sources and the interpretation of this information call attention to three particular issues: firstly, the rich variety of the scholarly and cultural activities performed in terms of both form and content implies that the Muslim lands in the tenth century attained a high cultural and civil status in comparison with its contemporaries. The second important aspect is that almost all of the scholars who were active agents in the social and cultural life went to cities renowned as cultural hubs to receive higher education. Lastly, those who completed their education in cities emerging as cultural centers started working as active scientists and educators, having been convinced that they had been educated in accordance with the norms of their time.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu tebliğin amacı, hicri IV./miladi X. yüzyılda ilim merkezleri olarak öne çıkan İslam şehirlerinin kültürel niteliklerini tanımak ve dolayısıyla o çağın Müslüman devletlerinin sahip oldukları kültürel düzeye dikkat çekmektir.</p><p>İslâm tarihinde kültürel hayat ile bilginlerin kimlik, kişilik, tahsil hayatı ve tahsil yerleri, ders aldıkları hocaları ve ders verdikleri talebeler hakkındaki bilgiler, daha çok <em>tabakât</em> veya <em>a’lâm</em> kitapları olarak adlandırılan kaynaklarda bulunmaktadır. Bu kitaplardaki kayıtlar Müslüman yurdunun ilim, eğitim ve kültür hayatı hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi sunarken, aynı zamanda bilginlerin ilim tahsili yani rıhle amacıyla gittikleri şehirleri de haber vermektedir. Bu şehirlerin özellikle o çağa özgü kültürel gelişmişliği hakkındaki bilgiler ise daha çok şehir tarihi, coğrafya tarihi ve genel İslam tarihi kaynaklarında bulunmaktadır.</p><p>İşte bu kaynakların analiz edilmesi yoluyla elde edilen bilgi ve tespitler şu üç olguya dikkat çekmektedir. Birincisi, icra edilen ilim ve kültür faaliyetlerinin hem çeşit hem de içerik bakımından oldukça zengin olması, miladi X. Yüzyılda İslam ülkesinin hemen her bakımdan kendi çağdaşları arasında yüksek bir kültürel ve medeni düzeye erişmiş olduğuna işaret etmektedir. İkinci önemli sonuç, sosyal ve kültürel hayat üzerinde oldukça etkin bir konumda bulunan bilginlerin hemen tamamının kültür merkezleri olarak öne çıkan şehirlerde yüksek tahsil amacıyla bulundukları gerçeğidir. Üçüncü sonuç ise, kültürel merkezler olarak öne çıkan şehirlerde tahsilini tamamlayanların, zamanın kurallarına uygun şekilde kendini yetiştirdiğine kani olarak bilim ve eğitim faaliyetlerinde aktif görev almış olmalarıdır.</p>


The book of Job, one of the earliest books of the Old Testament, gives us a glimpse of the social life and history of the people of Uz and its neighbouring places during the days of the patriarchs. It has sporadic mention to the religious, social and moral life of the people of that time. Their abundant knowledge of diverse arts and sciences is astonishing. The religious beliefs like offering sacrifices, praying for each other and possessing a clear understanding about God are depicted in this book. The social evil of the time namely plundering of pastoral wealth and ostracizing people with certain ailments are evident. The unique way of mourning by rending the garments is one of their common practices. Besides these, the moral and ethical values of the people are also echoed throughout this book. The book is a sure proof of the knowledge of these people in the commercial practice of barter system, science of astronomy, mining, hunting, writing and so on. Above all it bears testimony to the righteous life of one of the richest men of that time Job, and his unwavering faith even amidst the traumatic and triumphant phases of his life


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