Solar-Powered Electrocoagulation System for Tofu Wastewater Treatment and its Characteristic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-348
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Ajeng Arum Sari ◽  
Sunu Pertiwi ◽  
Danar Aji Prasetyo ◽  
Sudarno Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sludge Characterization ◽  
Aluminium Electrode ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Solar Powered

This study aims to investigate the ability of solar-powered electrocoagulation for tofu wastewater, especially for reducing COD and TSS. This feasibility was compared with conventional electrocoagulation using electricity from the state electricity company. The study was conducted on a laboratory scale using a batch reactor electrocoagulation and aluminium electrode. The types of electrolytes used are sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The contact time is 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. The results showed that removal of COD and TSS in tofu wastewater increases with a longer electrolysis time. During two hours of electrolysis time, the removal of COD and TSS were 25 and 53.85%, respectively. This process yielded the highest COD and TSS removal of 75 and 76.9%, respectively, at 6 hours. Pseudo-second order kinetics about COD removal, both in conventional and solar panel systems, is concluded. By adding NaCl electrolytes, the conductivity of wastewater was increased, and then the removal of COD and TSS was also increased. At the end of the electrolysis time (5 hours), the pH of wastewater was neutral. The results of sludge characterization using FTIR showed the presence of hydroxyl groups, amide compound, and aromatic compound.  The process of using solar panels gives results slightly different from conventional electricity, but has advantages in terms of lower operating costs and environmental friendly.

Study on Water-Cooled Solar Semiconductor Air Conditioner

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Dong Zhi-Ming ◽  
Guo Li-Xia ◽  
Chang Ji-Bin ◽  
Zhou Xue-Bin
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Test System ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Experimental Room ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Solar Powered

Aiming to compare the cooling effect, two types of solar-powered semiconductor air-conditioning devices were designed in different structures. According to the cooling load in an experimental room, the solar panels and battery capacity were determined for the development of a test system. In the same working condition, a comparison test was carried out to examine the cooling performance. Experimental results showed that the design of dual water-cooled cooling unit presented a higher ratio of energy efficiency, with its maximum value of 1.08. By observing the experimental data of the prototype, its comparative economic evaluation results indicated that the annualized cost of solar semiconductor airconditioning was app. 2.7 times that of air-conditioning made from an ordinary compressor.

scholarly journals Electrical system design of solar powered electrical recreational boat for Indonesian waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Sunaryo Sunaryo ◽  
Adri Wirawan Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
Solar Powered

Indonesia has more than 17,000 islands and has plenty of beautiful beaches and underwater spots which have great potential for maritime tourism. Tourism was ranked 3rd on Indonesia's foreign income and plays an important role for the country’s ecomony. Despite having potential advantages, the government has not yet maximized its efforts to develop the attractiveness of its maritime tourism. Beside the beautiful spots Indonesia is also blessed with all year long sun shine, which could be tapped as renewable and green energy as substitution to fossil fuel. Refer to these great advantages of natural resources the research was aimed to support the government’s program in developing its maritime tourism and to promote the use of green and renewable energy by designing a solar-powered tourism recreational boat which has 12 meters of length. The paper is focused on the design of solar energy and its electrical system, which includes conversion of solar energy to electrical energy and store it in the battery, the required electrical power is also predicted based on the appliances and equipment installed in the boat, the optimum attachment of solar panels on the boat structure is also calculated. All the methods and information we use are obtained from literature study, discussion with experts, and surveys to Jagur as solar-powered electric boat from Universitas Indonesia.

Winery wastewater depollution by sequencing batch reactor

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Torrijos ◽  
René Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Winery Wastewater ◽  
Temporary Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

The aim of this study was to demonstrate a depollution process for the treatment of the effluents of small wineries, producing less than 15,000 hl of wine per year. Given the particular characteristics of wine effluents and, in particular, the seasonal nature of the discharges, the best solution was found to be a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed once a day, and equipped with upstream temporary storage facilities acting as a buffer. The performance of this process for the depollution of winery wastewater were studied during the 1994 grape harvest in a winery producing 7,300 hectolitres annually. The results obtained (93% of elimination for total COD; 95% for soluble COD; 97.5% for BOD5), as well as the simplified automation, the low capital cost and the moderate operating costs, show that the process is well suited to depolluting wastewater from small wineries.

Electrolytic degradation of biorefractory organics and ammonia in leachate from bioreactor landfill

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Shao ◽  
P. He ◽  
J. Xue ◽  
G. Li
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Bioreactor Landfill ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Stainless Steel Cathode ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Current

Electrochemical oxidation was applied to treat the effluent from bioreactor landfill with leachate recirculation, characterised as poor biodegradability and high NH3-N concentration. In this study, the effluent was electrolysed in a batch reactor with Ti/TiO2-IrO2-RuO2 anode and stainless steel cathode. The oxidation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during electrolysis was evaluated based on the evolution of molecular weight grade, hydrophilic fractionation (humic acid, fulvic acid and hydrophilic fractions), specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254) and AOX. The impact of the initial NH3-N concentration on the oxidation was discussed. The results showed that at a current density of 100 mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 1.5 h and electrode gap of 1 cm, NH3-N with an initial concentration of 1.2 g/L could be completely eliminated and 56% of COD with an initial concentration of 1.2 g/L could be removed, which illustrated that the electrolysis-produced chlorine preferentially oxidised ammonia. The electrolysis mainly resulted in the degradation of humic substances and other high molecular DOM, followed by the increase of BOD/COD ratio and decline of SUVA254 of the leachate. The current efficiencies for COD and ammonia oxidation gradually decreased during the electrolysis, with the latter obviously higher than the former. At the optimal electrolysis time of 1.5 h, NH3-N could be totally removed and the BOD/COD ratio could be enhanced to 0.3, which was also favourable to control the AOX at a reasonable level.

A Solar-Powered In-Vehicle Semiconductor Refrigeration System

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Tao Liu ◽  
Chang Ping Zhu ◽  
Jun Yang Zhao ◽  
Hao Bo Sun ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
High Application

A solar-powered in-vehicle semiconductor refrigeration system by remote control is put forward. With the solar power as the source of energy, the in-vehicle refrigeration system uses the safe and pollution-free semiconductor refrigeration method, and adopts the GSM technology to make the remote control via the short message of the mobile phone, so as to achieve the cooling effect without starting the engine of the car. Through the model experiment, the working current and power consumption as well as the refrigeration temperature control effect of the system were analyzed, and verified the feasibility of the system. Being energy saving and environmental friendly, this design has a high application potential.

Initial conceptual design and wing aerodynamic analysis of a solar power-based UAV

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (1203) ◽  
pp. 540-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Harasani ◽  
M. Khalid ◽  
N. Arai ◽  
K. Fukuda ◽  
K. Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Actual Design ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract King Abdul Aziz University of Saudi Arabia (KAU) and Tokai University in Japan have collaborated to design and manufacture a solar powered unmanned air vehicle (UAV), Sun Falcon, which has capability of continuous one day fight with intended design extension towards night flight. The project is a student-driven endeavour involving some 30 students. Both universities are equally involved in the actual design studies of the performance characteristics, aerodynamic design, propulsion and structural analysis. Tokai University is in charge of the actual on-site supervision and examination of on-going manufacturing processes and ultimate fabrication of the prototype model. The conceptual design of the Sun Falcon was meticulously worked out in consideration of the operational mission, which included such flight characteristics as the cruising velocity, flight altitude, payload, flight time, rate of climb, power requirements and so on. The weather condition patterns in Saudi Arabia, which remained fairly supportive of the solar cell performance, were also deemed crucial in the design process. However, the design of a solar plane had other challenges in terms of power unit accommodation and payload consideration in comparison to other conventional UAVs. In this paper, an outline of the design features of the Sun Falcon is presented and other notable design features particular to solar UAVs are discussed. It was learnt in this exercise that the selection of the base aerofoil is perhaps one of the most important design items, as the Reynolds number for such UAVs understandably drops notably lower than conventional aeroplanes and such features as the camber curvature and wing area must cater for the installation of solar panels whose size, strength and quantity must respect local weather conditions. For the Sun Falcon, the actual design process examined two candidate aerofoils FX74-CL5-140 (FX74) and SD7037-092-88(SD7037) both of which were abundantly suitable for furnishing the required aerodynamic characteristics. SD7037 was ultimately chosen as it provided the best geometry and camber line in terms of accommodation and placement of the solar panels. Further scrutiny demonstrated that this latter aerofoil provided better take-off performance and superior L/D behaviour under cruise conditions. In order to check out the aerodynamic performance in general and overall stability and control characteristics, a preflight test under battery power (a 2,500 mAh li-po 4-cell 14·8v) was achieved on 4 June 2013. Other solar powered based tests are currently under way at present.

Gold Recovery from Aqueous Solutions Using Bioadsorbent Synthesized from Rambutan Peel

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rubcumintara ◽  
A. Aksornpan ◽  
W. Jonglertjunya ◽  
W. Koo-Amornpattana ◽  
P. Tasaso
Keyword(s):  
Gold Recovery ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Gold Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorbent Surface ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir

The recovery of gold from chloride solutions using bioadsorbent synthesized from waste rambutan peel was studied. The initial gold concentration 25-900 mg/L, solution pH 1-4, temperature 25-60 °C and the amount of adsorbent 1-25 mg were found to affect the efficiency for gold recovery as well as loading capacity. The 99.8 % gold recovery was accomplished in 1 h with loading capacity of 100 mg Au/g adsorbent at the following conditions: adsorbent 25 mg, initial gold concentration 100 mg/L, pH 2 and temperature 60 °C. The decrease of adsorbent from 25 to 1 mg resulted in the highest loading capacity of 2530 mg Au/g adsorbent and 100 % gold recovery within 100 h. The adsorption isotherm as well as mechanism were also elucidated. The Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo second-order kinetic model were fitted well with the experimental results. The activation energy of reaction was calculated to be 31.07 kJ/mol. The mechanism of adsorption is clarified to be the oxidation of hydroxyl groups and reduction of trivalent gold ions to metallic gold on the adsorbent surface which were supported by FT-IR, XRF and SEM.

Conceptual Design and Prototype Development of a Solar-Powered Ground Robot for Energy-Autonomous Operation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Behjat ◽  
Leighton Collins ◽  
Andrew Hoffman ◽  
Sharat Chidambaran ◽  
Maulikkumar Dhameliya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Energy Capture ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract This paper presents the conceptual design and fabrication/assembly of an autonomous solar powered small unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) platform for operation in outdoor environments. The contribution lies in the ability of the proposed design to offer uninterrupted operation in terms of endurance, to facilitate educational and research applications that are otherwise challenging to perform with a typical UGV (that needs significant downtime for recharging). A high incident area for solar PV panels is required to be able to support the complete energy needs of a ∼ 46 lb UGV (i.e., fully recharge the suitably sized battery powering the UGV). This makes it challenging to develop a stable platform that can carry solar panels much larger than the surface area of the platform itself (an aspect receiving minimal attention in other similar purpose platforms). To address this challenge, a novel umbrella-like folding mechanism is conceived, designed and successfully incorporated in the baseline prototype. This mechanism allows incorporating a remarkable ∼1 sq.m of incident solar PV with a net rated capacity of 200 W, one that remains folded to facilitate mobility, and can open/unfold to different extents for energy capture when needed. At the same time, the proposed design facilitates static and dynamic stability in spite of the significant solar PV incorporation. With the reference of the baseline prototype, an optimization approach is taken to develop a conceptual design of the next generation of this solar UGV. Specifically, the incident angle of the solar panels (enabled by the umbrella mechanism) at complete-open stage and the dimensions of the mechanism links and associated supports are separately optimized to respectively maximize the energy capture and the range of the UGV (assuming operation in Buffalo, NY), subject to stability and nominal velocity (of 2km/hr) constraints. The optimum design is found to provide an estimated range of 19.8 km/day.

Modified xanthan gum for crystal violet uptake: kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meixia Zheng ◽  
Fengli Lian ◽  
Yujing Zhu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Zheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uptake Kinetic ◽  
Freundlich Isotherms ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Modified xanthan gum (XG-AM-TTE) was employed as an adsorbent to study the adsorption behavior, thermodynamics and kinetics of crystal violet (CV) from an aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicates that the functional groups present in the adsorbent, such as carboxyl, ester and hydroxyl groups, are included on the external surface of the material, and these groups are potential active sites for interaction with CV. According to X-ray diffraction results, the structure of XG-AM-TTE after CV adsorption became more disordered, and the microstructure change is an indication of effective adsorption of CV to the surface, with CV becoming remarkably dispersed in the adsorbent according to the scanning electron microscopy observations. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption equilibrium were best described by the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherms, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters, as the Gibbs-free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS), indicated that the adsorption is a spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increase process. The maximum adsorption capacity of XG-AM-TTE was 183 ± 12 mg/g, suggesting that XG-AM-TTE is an efficient adsorbent.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document