scholarly journals Impacts of pH and salinity on community composition, growth and cell morphology of three freshwater phytoplankton

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaswati Chaktraborty ◽  
Dipalok Karmaker ◽  
Md. Alimur Rahman ◽  
Sukanto Chandra Bali ◽  
Subroto K Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Freshwater Phytoplankton ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Impacts of climate change on phytoplankton species are very focusing issues nowadays. This research explored the probable impacts of different pH (pH 5.90 to 9.10) and salinity (0.60 to 3.0 ppt) concentrations on freshwater phytoplankton Chlorella vulgaris, Euglena granulata and Scenedesmus quadricauda. The initial community composition was 4:2:1 for the three taxa, which changed to 6:3:1, 6:2:1, 6:3.5:1 and 9:4:1 in pH 5.90, pH 9.10 and salinity 2.20 and 3.0 ppt respectively. E. granulata showed more tolerance in a wide range of pH (pH 5.90 to 8.30) based on growth rate studies. The other two species showed growth rates reduction gradually in changes with pH and salinity concentrations. Conspicuous changes of total biomass were seen in pH 5.90 and 9.10, and salinity 2.20 and 3.0 ppt conditions. Moreover, significant changes in cell morphology were found in pH 9.10 and 3.0 ppt salinity. The authors concluded that as group, the Chlorophytes were more susceptible than the diatom in these variable pH and salinity conditions, while S. quadricauda was comparatively more vulnerable as a single species.

Effect of Lowered pH on Community Composition, Growth and Cell Morphology of Freshwater Phytoplankton

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
SHASWATI CHAKRABORTY ◽  
MAHIN AFROZ ◽  
RIYAD HOSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Freshwater Phytoplankton ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Ph Range

This experiment studied the probable effects of lowered pH (6.5 to 5.0) on four freshwater phytoplankton species Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck, Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Brebbison, Euglena granulata (Klebs) Schmitz and Gomphonema subtile Ehrenberg. The initial community composition was 2:2:1:1 for the four taxa respectively, which changed to 1.7:1.6:1:1 in pH 6.0, 1.6:2:1.6:1 in pH 5.5 and 1.2:2:1.8:1 in pH 5.0. The two chlorophytes showed almost gradual decreasing in growth rates and cell densities with the decreases in pH values, while diatom E. granulata showed more tolerance in a wide range of pH (6.5 to 5.5). Conspicuous changes in total biomass first observed in pH 6.0 and it reached the drastic level in pH 5.0. Moreover, significant changes in cell size of S. qaudricuada and E. granulata were found in pH 5.0 only. This lowered pH range has no effects on cell shape of the studied phytoplankton species.

Sensitivity Analysis with Calibration of Natural Resource Variables under Climate Change

2017 ◽  
pp. 681-691
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Ghosh ◽  
Somnath Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Human Economy ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

This chapter compares two quantitative frameworks, namely, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and Econometric models to study the impacts of climate change on human economy. However, as is inferred from this chapter, CGE framework is fraught with unrealistic assumptions, and fails to capture impacts of climate change and extreme events on the ecosystem services. On the other hand, econometric framework can be customised and is not based on the unrealistic assumptions like CGE. The various advantages and disadvantages of the two methods have been discussed critically in the process in this chapter in light of the avowed objective of understanding sustainability science.

scholarly journals Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast Pacific marine foodwebs and fisheries

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Ainsworth ◽  
J. F. Samhouri ◽  
D. S. Busch ◽  
W. W. L. Cheung ◽  
J. Dunne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Ainsworth, C. H., Samhouri, J. F., Busch, D. S., Cheung, W. W. L., Dunne, J., and Okey, T. A. 2011. Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast Pacific marine foodwebs and fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1217–1229. Although there has been considerable research on the impacts of individual changes in water temperature, carbonate chemistry, and other variables on species, cumulative impacts of these effects have rarely been studied. Here, we simulate changes in (i) primary productivity, (ii) species range shifts, (iii) zooplankton community size structure, (iv) ocean acidification, and (v) ocean deoxygenation both individually and together using five Ecopath with Ecosim models of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We used a standardized method to represent climate effects that relied on time-series forcing functions: annual multipliers of species productivity. We focused on changes in fisheries landings, biomass, and ecosystem characteristics (diversity and trophic indices). Fisheries landings generally declined in response to cumulative effects and often to a greater degree than would have been predicted based on individual climate effects, indicating possible synergies. Total biomass of fished and unfished functional groups displayed a decline, though unfished groups were affected less negatively. Some functional groups (e.g. pelagic and demersal invertebrates) were predicted to respond favourably under cumulative effects in some regions. The challenge of predicting climate change impacts must be met if we are to adapt and manage rapidly changing marine ecosystems in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Viticulture in Portugal: A review of recent trends and climate change projections

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helder Fraga ◽  
Iñaki García de Cortázar Atauri ◽  
Aureliano C. Malheiro ◽  
José Moutinho-Pereira ◽  
João A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Climate Change Projections ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drying Trend ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

<p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim:</strong> The winemaking sector in Portugal is of major socio-economic relevance, significantly contributing to the national exports and sustaining many wine-related activities, including oenotourism. Portuguese viticultural regions present a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions with remarkable regional specificities, thus contributing to the individuality of their wines. Owing to the strong influence of climate and weather factors on grapevines, climate change may drive significant impacts on Portuguese viticulture.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results:</strong> Climatic projections for the next decades in Portugal highlight an overall warming and drying trend of the grapevine growing season, potentially resulting in modifications in phenology, growth, development, yields and eventually wine characteristics and typicity. Furthermore, the current viticultural suitability of each region is projected to undergo significant changes, suggesting a reshaping of the optimal conditions for viticulture throughout the country. In order to sustain high quality levels and affordable yield regularity, cost-effective, appropriate and timely adaptation measures must be implemented by the sector.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The most recent scientific studies covering the potential impacts of climate change on Portuguese viticulture are herein presented.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study:</strong> Possible adaptation measures against these threats are also discussed, foreseeing their integration into decision support systems by stakeholders and decision-makers.</p>

scholarly journals Global cotton production under climate change – Implications for yield and water consumption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Jans ◽  
Werner von Bloh ◽  
Sibyll Schaphoff ◽  
Christoph Müller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract. Being an extensively produced natural fiber on earth, cotton is of importance for economies. Although the plant is broadly adapted to varying environments, growth and irrigation water demand of cotton may be challenged by future climate change. To study the impacts of climate change on cotton productivity in different regions across the world and the irrigation water requirements related to it, we use the process-based, spatially detailed biosphere and hydrology model LPJmL. We find our modelled cotton yield levels in good agreement with reported values and simulated water consumption of cotton production similar to published estimates. Following the ISIMIP protocol, we employ an ensemble of five General Circulation Models under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) for the 2011–2099 period to simulate future cotton yields. We find that irrigated cotton production does not suffer from climate change if CO2 effects are considered, whereas rainfed production is more sensitive to varying climate conditions. Considering the overall effect of a changing climate and CO2 fertilization, cotton production on current cropland steadily increases for most of the RCPs. Starting from ~ 65 million tonnes in 2010, cotton production for RCP4.5 and RCP6.0 equates to 83 and 92 million tonnes at the end of the century, respectively. Under RCP8.5, simulated global cotton production raises by more than 50 % by 2099. Taking only climate change into account, projected cotton production considerably shrinks in most scenarios, by up to one-third or 43 million tonnes under RCP8.5. The simulation of future virtual water content (VWC) of cotton grown under elevated CO2 results for all scenarios in less VWC compared to ambient CO2 conditions. Under RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, VWC is notably decreased by more than 2000 m3 t−1 in areas where cotton is produced under purely rainfed conditions. By 2040, the average global VWC for cotton declines in all scenarios from currently 3300 to 3000 m3 t−1 and reduction continues by up to 30 % in 2100 under RCP8.5. While the VWC decreases by the CO2 effect, elevated temperature (and thus water stress) reverse the picture. Except for RCP2.6, the global VWC of cotton increase slightly but steadily under the other RCPs until mid century. RCP8.5 results in an average global VWC of more than 5000 m3 t−1 by end of the simulation period. Given the economic relevance of cotton production, climate change poses an additional stress and deserves special attention. Changes in VWC and water demands for cotton production are of special importance, as cotton production is known for its intense water consumption that led, e.g., to the loss of most of the Aral sea. The implications of climate impacts on cotton production on the one hand, and the impact of cotton production on water resources on the other hand illustrate the need to assess how future climate change may affect cotton production and its resource requirements. The inclusion of cotton in LPJmL allows for various large-scale studies to assess impacts of climate change on hydrological factors and the implications for agricultural production and carbon sequestration.

Preparing Australian fisheries for the critical decade: insights from the past 25 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair J. Hobday ◽  
Christopher Cvitanovic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Fishery Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries are evident around Australia, and responding to these challenges over the next decade is critical for continued sustainability. Recent years have seen the rise of climate and fishery research; however, looking further into the past can inform future approaches to fishery research, management and monitoring. We assess the progress over 25 years, on the basis of a set of recommendations made at the first Australian workshop addressing climate concerns for fisheries. The nine workshop recommendations are still relevant today, and although monitoring efforts have been significant and knowledge has accumulated rapidly, implementation of management and policy responses have lagged. We suggest that this is because societal and fisher awareness of climate change have lagged, in part because climate change has not been considered the most pressing issue over this time. To successfully respond to the climate-change challenges to Australian fisheries over the next decade, a concerted effort directed at a wide range of stakeholders to foster support for climate-ready fishery policies and programs is needed.

Growth and survival of Cherax destructor and Bidyanus bidyanus stocked in a communal aquarium system

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Rodnet E. Duffy ◽  
Ian Godwin ◽  
Ian Purvis ◽  
John Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cherax Destructor ◽  
Fish Survival ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Polycultural aquaculture typically utilises a mix of low trophic level species to increase yield above that which can be obtained from a single species. Low trophic level species are not widely accepted for consumption within Australia, so this study focussed on two species that have market acceptance, the yabby (Cherax destructor) and the silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus). Laboratory scale trials examined the effect of each species on the growth and survival of the other species as well as the role of shelter for crayfish in this system over a 13.5 week period. Neither species negatively impacted the growth of the other, however, survival was negatively impacted. Shelter enhanced crayfish survival, although fish survival was impacted in those treatments. A higher total biomass was harvested from polyculture treatments than monoculture treatments. The positive results warrant further investigation at the scale of mesocosm, prior to large-scale pond trials.

scholarly journals Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries management under changing climate: a southern synopsis

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva E. Plagányi ◽  
Scarla J. Weeks ◽  
Tim D. Skewes ◽  
Mark T. Gibbs ◽  
Elvira S. Poloczanska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Plagányi, É. E., Weeks, J. S., Skewes, T. D., Gibbs, M. T., Poloczanska, E. S., Norman-López, A., Blamey, L. K., Soares, M., and Robinson, W. M. L. 2011. Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries management under changing climate: a southern synopsis. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1305–1317. Climate change is likely to have a significant impact on both target and non-target marine stocks worldwide, with the concomitant need for management strategies capable of sustaining fishing in future. We use several southern hemisphere fisheries to highlight the likely impacts of climate change at a range of levels, from individual to population responses, as well as ecosystem ramifications. Examples span polar (Antarctic krill fishery), temperate (west coast pelagic fishery, abalone and rock lobster), and tropical (Torres Strait rock lobster) commercially important fisheries. Responses of these fisheries to either past observed environmental changes or projected future changes are used to deduce some anticipated implications of climate change for fisheries management, including economic impacts and governance considerations. We evaluate the effectiveness of current single-species assessment models, management strategy evaluation approaches and multispecies assessment models as future management tools to cope with likely climate-related changes. Non-spatial stock assessment models will have limited ability to separate fishery effects from the impacts of climate change. Anthropogenic climate change is occurring at a time-scale relevant to current fisheries management strategic planning and testing. Adaptive management frameworks (with their feedback loops) are ideal for detecting and adapting to changes in target stocks.

scholarly journals Genome-guided analysis allows the identification of novel physiological traits in Trichococcus species

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Strepis ◽  
Henry D. Naranjo ◽  
Jan Meier-Kolthoff ◽  
Markus Göker ◽  
Nicole Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Type Strains

Abstract Background The genus Trichococcus currently contains nine species: T. flocculiformis, T. pasteurii, T. palustris, T. collinsii, T. patagoniensis, T. ilyis, T. paludicola, T. alkaliphilus, and T. shcherbakoviae. In general, Trichococcus species can degrade a wide range of carbohydrates. However, only T. pasteurii and a non-characterized strain of Trichococcus, strain ES5, have the capacity of converting glycerol to mainly 1,3-propanediol. Comparative genomic analysis of Trichococcus species provides the opportunity to further explore the physiological potential and uncover novel properties of this genus. Results In this study, a genotype-phenotype comparative analysis of Trichococcus strains was performed. The genome of Trichococcus strain ES5 was sequenced and included in the comparison with the other nine type strains. Genes encoding functions related to e.g. the utilization of different carbon sources (glycerol, arabinan and alginate), antibiotic resistance, tolerance to low temperature and osmoregulation could be identified in all the sequences analysed. T. pasteurii and Trichococcus strain ES5 contain a operon with genes encoding necessary enzymes for 1,3-PDO production from glycerol. All the analysed genomes comprise genes encoding for cold shock domains, but only five of the Trichococcus species can grow at 0 °C. Protein domains associated to osmoregulation mechanisms are encoded in the genomes of all Trichococcus species, except in T. palustris, which had a lower resistance to salinity than the other nine studied Trichococcus strains. Conclusions Genome analysis and comparison of ten Trichococcus strains allowed the identification of physiological traits related to substrate utilization and environmental stress resistance (e.g. to cold and salinity). Some substrates were used by single species, e.g. alginate by T. collinsii and arabinan by T. alkaliphilus. Strain ES5 may represent a subspecies of Trichococcus flocculiformis and contrary to the type strain (DSM 2094T), is able to grow on glycerol with the production of 1,3-propanediol.

scholarly journals Potential impacts of climate change on water quality and ecology in six UK rivers

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
A. J. Wade ◽  
D. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

A modelling study has been undertaken to assess the likely impacts of climate change on water quality across the UK. A range of climate change scenarios have been used to generate future precipitation, evaporation and temperature time series at a range of catchments across the UK. These time series have then been used to drive the Integrated Catchment (INCA) suite of flow, water quality and ecological models to simulate flow, nitrate, ammonia, total and soluble reactive phosphorus, sediments, macrophytes and epiphytes in the Rivers Tamar, Lugg, Tame, Kennet, Tweed and Lambourn. A wide range of responses have been obtained with impacts varying depending on river character, catchment location, flow regime, type of scenario and the time into the future. Essentially upland reaches of river will respond differently to lowland reaches of river, and the responses will vary depending on the water quality parameter of interest.

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