Social housing for urban households sheltering children responsible for the "kuluna" and "black babies" phenomena in Congo Brazzaville.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 424-437
Author(s):  
Alain Symphorien Ndongo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Family Warmth ◽  
Congo Brazzaville

Housing as a place where household members spend about half (12 hours) of their daily time, including six to eight hours in sleep, is one of the essential conditions in the fight against poverty and precariousness.  The current Congolese urban environment is facing serious problems: small plots of land, lack of suitable housing in relation to the size and composition of households, overcrowding, and water and electricity supplies. This situation is becoming critical with the appearance of deviant behavior among children aged between 10 and 30. The government and its development partners have demonstrated their powerlessness face to this situation, leaving thousands of children on the streets without education or family warmth to form real criminal gangs. These street children have created the phenomena of "kuluna" and "black babies". It has been shown that these one act in this way for their survival, claiming their rights. In this study, we find innovative proposals to provide households sheltering adulterine and adoptive children with low-cost social housing, in order to restore the image of the head of the household and provide the children with a pleasant space for their physical, economic, cultural and spiritual development. This will undoubtedly help to find solutions to the problems facing children and indeed Congolese society as a whole today. The study revealed that if the government does not take practical measures in response to the phenomena created by wayward children, especially "black babies" and "kuluna", there will be a massive adherence of other children, especially the adulterine and adoptive ones. There will be a risk of the phenomena will to be exported to rural areas. The study recommends a "State - Household" partnership in the manufacture of new types of urban housing for households housing children likely to integrate or create gangs, jeopardizing social order and public security.

The Involvement of the Private Sector to Ensure Sustainability of Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Henschel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government

The need to enhance electricity access in rural areas of developing countries is universally recognized. However, tremendous challenges remain to finance electrification initiatives, to ensure the long term sustainability of rural electricity systems. In Lao PDR, one of the targets the government sets to achieve is the provision of electricity to 90% of the households by 2020. Considering the topography of the country and the low density of population, this ambitious objective can be reached only if innovative financing and operating mechanisms are developed and if private and public investors work closely together. A strategy based purely on government funded grid extension will not lead to the achievement of the objective. Exploring small hydro-power generation and the operation of village grids, energy provider Sunlabob has developed an innovative private-public partnership aimed at producing clean, reliable and affordable electricity in remote areas, empowering local communities, and promoting the use of electricity for productive and social purposes. The innovative features of this partnership include, mutual leverage of public and private funds for infrastructure development, community ownership and management of the fixed structures of the mini-grid (small dam, power house, transmission poles and lines), a combination of different efficient and reliable modern renewable energy technologies privately installed and owned which provide electricity 24/7 at low cost, training of local technicians who become energy entrepreneurs, empowerment of local communities for management and decision making as well as participatory work with local communities to identify productive and social uses of electricity. Both private and public partners have clearly defined roles and responsibilities. Linking affordable electricity generation on the one hand and development of productive and social activities on the other hand is a new approach which is needed to ensure the viability of the mini-grid and to maximize the positive impact on the socio-economic development of target villages.

Solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Housing Associations ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
House Building

This chapter presents theoretical solutions and new policy proposals for the housing crisis. Local authorities should be allowed to borrow to build and the government should increase its funding for housing associations. Rural areas, in particular, need social housing that is affordable in perpetuity. Stable or gently falling house prices should also be an aim of policy. The government should consult on a range of potential changes to taxation. Moreover, local authorities in theory have the power to turn down poor-quality developments; the government and the Planning Inspectorate should encourage them to use it. Other solutions include planning for greenfield development, strategic planning, and new civic house building.

Unfair Housing

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-54
Author(s):  
Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Inadequate Housing ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
The Government

The Great Migration saw millions of African Americans move from rural areas to cities between the 1940s and 1970s. The existence of segregated housing meant that African Americans were forced into the most impoverished residences. In the 50s and 60s, the government implemented urban renewal projects in which inadequate housing was destroyed. Subsequently, private land developers were supposed to purchase heavily subsidized land and build affordable housing for those displaced by the demolitions. Instead, land developers built housing and shopping areas for middle class clientele. Ultimately, more affordable housing was destroyed than was built, further contributing to the urban housing crisis. After the push to provide more housing for African Americans living in cities, the FHA and private companies saw an opportunity to increase profits. They knew that maintaining segregation would ultimately benefit the housing industry and in turn, the economy at large. They also realized expanding housing opportunities for African Americans would do the same. Overall, the FHA and private companies enacted practices that kept entry into White suburbs difficult for African Americans, which increased the ability to financially exploit African Americans looking for better housing.

“I’ll Do Business with Anyone”

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-91
Author(s):  
Rakefet Ron Erlich ◽  
Shahar Gindi ◽  
Michal Hisherik
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
State Level ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
System Boundary ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Jewish Schools ◽  
The Government

Given the surplus of Arab teachers and the shortage of Jewish teachers in Israel, the government has adopted the policy of employing Arab teachers in Jewish schools, contrary to the dominant nationalistic agenda. We argue that this low-cost solution meets the criteria for disruptive innovation in that it flies under the radar and has the potential to proliferate and change the existing social order. Through surveys and interviews with boundary-crossing Arab teachers, this article finds that teachers circumvent power structures in three social fields. In the Arab community, work in Jewish schools helps teachers bypass nepotism and provides a new path for upward mobility. In the education system, boundary-crossing teachers disrupt segregation. And at the state level, this innovation may improve Jewish-Arab relations.

scholarly journals Embedded Based Drip Irrigation System using WSN and GSM Module

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 05-07
Author(s):  
Mohini Chaudhari ◽  
Chaitali Das ◽  
Manisha Awari ◽  
Pallavi Bhoye ◽  
Prof. Satish Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Considerable Problem ◽  
The Government ◽  
Automated Irrigation System ◽  
Experimental Level

Agriculture plays the vital role in economics and survival of people in India. Nowadays Indian agriculture faces a two major problem. We know the government has promoted a free supply of electricity to farmers for irrigation purpose to run their motors and pumps. But it is found that the farmers misusing the electricity to run their home appliances such as radio, TV, fans, and etc. This misuse of electricity has brought a considerable problem for government to supply free electricity. The main objective of this project is to design low cost Automated Irrigation System using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module. The main aim of this project is to provide embedded based system for irrigation to reduce the manual monitoring of the field and GPRS gives their information. This proposed system recognizes whether the free electricity has been used excluding electric motors for pumping water and if so electricity is being misused, it shuts the total stockpile for the farmers through a tripping circuit. By using wireless networks we can intimate the electricity board about this mal convention. The development of this project at experimental level within rural areas is presented and the implementation has to exhibit that the automatic irrigation can be used.

scholarly journals Unplanned Urbanization and Agricultural Land Degradation in Baghdad City from 2003 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abbas Kadhim ◽  
Laith Zaid Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The City

Several problems have emerged as a result of urban expansion or the connection of urban areas with rural areas. This process has led to the urbanization of rural areas, and to have overlapping edges and margins of areas, which were outside the basic design of the city. Accordingly, the present research assumes that the accelerating growth of Baghdad population has contributed significantly to the process of unplanned urbanization. Thus, the study aims to examine the factors that have led to an increase of urban sprawl at the expense of the agricultural land. The study has thus adopted the descriptive, analytical, and historical approaches relying on the simple linear regression method to predict the phenomenon of urban expansion and its impact on the agricultural land. It has also included illustrative maps used in the preparation of geographic information technology (GIS).The study has concluded that the events of Iraq after 2003, the absence of legal rules, weak legislation, and the successive large immigrations from the countryside to the city have all led directly to a great increase in the process of housing expansion at the expense of agricultural lands. The research recommended the necessity of finding final solutions to the problem of encroachment on agricultural lands, establishing new and low-cost urban housing with full facilities and services, simplifying the procedures of building  licensing,  and reducing fees.

PERCEPTIONS OF SOUTH AFRICAN YOUTH OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES: A CASE IN THE LEPELLE-NKUMPI MUNICIPAL AREA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Matshidiso Kanjere
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Young People ◽  
South African ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
South Africans ◽  
African Youth ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
The Government

The South African youth faces multiple challenges that range from illiteracy, drug and alcohol abuse, crime and HIV/AIDS, to unemployment. These challenges and many other ills in society have led to interventions by government, and private and other civil societies. The government has established and initiated a number of programmes that aim at building capacity and helping the youth to cope with these multiple challenges. Some of the programmes are aimed at building leadership capacity among the impoverished youth in rural communities. A lot of money is being invested in these programmes, which are meant to develop young South Africans. However, there are some young people who do not participate in these programmes. They are also not in the formal education system, self-employed or employed elsewhere. And they are despondent. The government, private sector and non-governmental organisations are trying hard to bring these youths and others into the developmental arena, so that they can be active participants in the economy of the country in the near future. However, little research has been conducted to assess the broad impact of the various programmes in the country. The contribution that these programmes are making toward improving the livelihoods of young people has to be determined on a larger scale. Nevertheless, this article reports on an investigation that was conducted on a smaller scale, at the Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality. The aim of the research was to explore the perceptions young South Africans have of the leadership development programmes that they have participated in. A mixed research approach was used to collect data and the key findings indicated that knowledge accumulated through participation in the programmes does not always translate into practical applications. However, the programmes were deemed to be valuable in instilling a positive life-view. The study recommends that support systems be established in the rural areas to assist young people with life challenges.

FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS AMONG THE RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN BANGLADESH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalowar Hossan
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Government

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial success of rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Non-probability sampling specifically convenience sampling is used to draw the sample and data is collected using the self-administered survey. Regression analysis and descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data. The study discloses that motivational factors, government policy and financial support have significant influence on the rural women entrepreneurial success in Bangladesh. Due to lack of suitable training and proper development as well as ICT knowledge, the rural women of Bangladesh could not accomplish the achievement. Half of the total populations of Bangladesh are female and most of them live in rural areas. Therefore, the government and the policymakers in Bangladesh should develop the potential of rural women entrepreneurs by providing development facilities, proper training, and ICT knowledge.

KAJIAN DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PENUTUPAN LOKALISASI TELEJU OLEH PEMERINTAH KOTA PEKANBARU

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
M. Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
The Government ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
The Impact

This research to analyze the impact of closure policy Teleju brothel by Pekanbaru govermentin 2010. Guidelines for works are Pekanbaru Local Regulations No. 12 of 2008 on Social Order-liness. Closure this brothel inflicts positive and negative impact for society.The research wasconducted to obtain early stage formula for the government to take action against the prostitu-tion activities. This research uses policy research approach with a qualitative method, becausein prostitution activities and prohibition by goverment is an assessment that needs to be done byanalyzing documents and unstructured interview.The results showed that after the closing of the Teleju brothel have an impact on the deploy-ment of a prostitution and affect the economy of the surrounding residents. Government seeksto tackle prostitution in Pekanbaru by moving the brothel, conduct regular raids and providetraining. The effort is considered to be less than the maximum because the handling is not basedon the root of the problem and not programmed properly. There are several causes of failure ofgovernment to overcome the prostitution problem in Pekanbaru, including: policy content isless focus on the prostitution problem, the government did not proceeds with data, lack of finan-cial support, contra productive programs between local government with the police and TNI,and the policy object is difficult to be given understanding.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS, GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS SITUATED IN URBAN & RURAL AREAS OF HARYANA IN THE SECONDARY EXAMINATIONS CONDUCTED BY THE BOARD OF SCHOOL EDUCATION HARYANA IN 2020.

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Balkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Education ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Poor Students ◽  
Exam Preparation ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exam Result

The capability or calibre cannot be judged based on Results, as it depends on the student to student & also the examination is testing of knowledge of a student, for the whole year in two or three hours. In July 2020 the exam result of the secondary standard was declared by the Board of School Education Haryana, Bhiwani and there is a discussion about topper & the schools in which these toppers were studying & strategy of these toppers regarding exam preparation, their interviews & photos were published in the Newspapers, why not? It must be but in this spark light, there is some darkness behind this. Everyone is congratulating these students, as they are studied from the Private Schools of the Urban City areas of the Haryana, a few are from the most educated families, whose parents their selves are teachers or professors. Through this, we are ignoring a bitter truth of the poor students of the Government Schools, who despite lack of all the big & small facilities, as compare of these Private schools’ performed equal to these toppers. KEYWORDS: Testing of knowledge, Education in Private Schools, Toppers and Calibre.

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