scholarly journals Stress and the Well-being of Nurses: an Investigation using the Demands-Resources- Individual Effects (DRIVE) model and the Well-being Process Questionnaire (WPQ).

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 575-586
Author(s):  
Gary Williams ◽  
Hannah Pendlebury ◽  
Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Role Change ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Negative Coping ◽  
Drive Model

Previous research shows that nurses have high levels of stress, but less is known about their well-being. The present research used an adapted version of the Demands-Resources-Individual Effects (DRIVE) model to investigate these areas. The Well-Being Process Questionnaire (WPQ), which consists of single items derived from longer scales, was also used. One hundred and seventy-seven British nurses (160 female, 17 male) participated in an online survey. The results showed that work characteristics could be grouped into three factors (resources; demands; and role/change/bullying), as were personality scores (positive personality; openness, agreeable, conscientious; and extraversion, emotional stability). Coping (positive and negative coping) and outcomes (positive and negative outcomes, and positive and negative job appraisals) had a two-factor solution. Results from logistic regressions showed that well-being outcomes were predicted by high positive personality and low negative coping. Positive job appraisals were predicted by high resources and low demands. These findings confirm that the use of the DRIVE model and a single short item measuring instrument can quickly provide information about factors predicting the well-being of nurses.

scholarly journals Reasons for using cannabidiol: a cross-sectional study of French cannabidiol users

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Fortin ◽  
Vincent Di Beo ◽  
Sophie Massin ◽  
Yann Bisiou ◽  
Patrizia Carrieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Rapid Diffusion

Abstract Background Cannabidiol and cannabidiol-based products are proliferating in many countries. This recent and rapid diffusion prompts investigating the reasons for its use. Methods We analyzed data from an online survey among cannabidiol users in the French general population (n = 1166) selected for their interest in such products. We described the reported reasons for using cannabidiol. We performed logistic regressions to identify the correlates of declaring well-being and other specific reasons for using cannabidiol. We also provided descriptive data regarding the cannabidiol patterns of use. Results Well-being was the most cited primary reason for use (27% of the sample). Declaring well-being as a primary reason for using cannabidiol was inversely associated with cigarette smoking, cannabis use, and employment. Among cannabidiol users reporting well-being as their primary reason for use, stress and sleep improvements were the most-cited specific reasons. In the whole study sample, the most common modes of use were smoking cannabidiol-rich cannabis (61%) and ingesting cannabidiol oil sublingually (19%). Conclusions In a sample of cannabidiol users from France, well-being was the most-cited primary reason for use, and smoking was the first route of administration. Further research is needed to clarify to what extent expected effects are scientifically sound and to understand country-related specificities regarding patterns of use.

scholarly journals Parental Mental Well-Being and Frequency of Adult-Child Nature Visits: The Mediating Roles of Parents’ Perceived Barriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6814
Author(s):  
Jasmine Gustafsson ◽  
Ann Ojala ◽  
Pauliina Hiltunen ◽  
Elina Engberg ◽  
Annika Wiklund-Engblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Children's Activities ◽  
Three Factor

Regular access to green space has been shown to provide several health benefits for children. However, children today spend less time outdoors. Thus, it has become important to understand what drives and limits children’s activities in nature. Based on a Finnish online survey of 1463 parents of children aged 2–7 conducted in 2019, the current study examined parents’ perceived barriers to visiting nature with their children. It also examined how parental mental well-being is related to families’ frequency of nature visits, and whether this association is mediated by different categories of parents’ perceived barriers. Eleven out of 12 barriers were largely perceived by parents as reasons that did not prevent them from visiting nature with their children. Next, factor analysis indicated a three-factor solution to the barriers. The results of a multiple mediation analysis showed that better parental mental well-being was associated with more frequent adult-child nature visits, and this relationship was partially mediated by a “lack of competence and logistics” and a “lack of time and interest”, but not by “insecurity and fear”. The results indicated that parents with poor mental well-being were more likely to perceive barriers to visiting nature, which in turn appeared to be related to a higher likelihood of having children who visited nature less frequently.

scholarly journals Assessment of Need for Recovery and Its Relationship With Work Characteristics and Health in a Sample of Chinese Doctors: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
Dong Yin ◽  
Shu'e Zhang ◽  
Xiaohe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Need For Recovery

Background: China is launching an unprecedented health care system reform. However, the long-term interests of doctors seem to have been ignored during this process especially considering that the work environment and work-life balance for doctors have severely deteriorated over the past decade.Their well-being and health are facing substantial threats due to heavy workloads and inadequate recovery opportunities. This study aimed to investigate the extent of need for recovery (NFR) among Chinese doctors and to examine their work-related fatigue. The study also examines the relationship of NFR with workplace satisfaction and health outcomes among Chinese doctors.Methods: A total of 2,617 doctors from 30 administrative regions in China participated in this study to assess the need for recovery and its relationship with work characteristics and health. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Chinese version of the Need for Recovery Scale (NFRS). Participants were invited to complete an anonymous online survey during May 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, reliability analysis, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.Results: Significant differences in NFR scores were found across demographic characteristics such as age, service years, hospital levels, educational attainment, professional positions, work shifts, and working time. Regardless of any illnesses they might be experiencing, about 70.0% of participants remained at their job even though many doctors (22.1%) must continue working under the policies of the organization, which led to more pronounced NFR (P < 0.001). Further, a higher NFR was negatively related to workplace well-being and self-reported health outcomes of participants.Conclusions: Work-induced fatigue is a growing threat to doctors in China and their recovery opportunities are extremely limited in the workplace. High NFR exerts a considerable effect on their workplace well-being and health. China's hospital managers should pay close attention to the fact that doctors have little chance of recovery, and should offer doctors' positive encouragement and support to enhance well-being. To improve doctors' working conditions, targeted prevention policies must be introduced by policymakers to control this spreading crisis.

scholarly journals The Well-being of Staff in a Welsh Secondary School before and After a COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Smith ◽  
Arwel James
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Negative Work

Background:  There has been extensive research on the well-being of teachers, with much of it focusing on stress and mental health problems. Recent research has led to the development of the well-being process model, which examines predictors of positive and negative well-being outcomes. Research is now required to examine this model's applicability to teachers and those who communicate in languages other than English. Well-being has also been reduced by social isolation associated with COVID-19, and it is essential to investigate the causes of this reduced well-being. Aims: The present study had three main aims. First, to examine the applicability of the well-being process model to teachers. Secondly, to investigate a sample where teaching was in the Welsh language. Finally, to examine the response to the COVID-19 lockdown in this group and identify predictors of current and long term well-being. Methodology:  The research was approved by the ethics committee, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, and carried out with the informed consent of the volunteers (67 staff from a Welsh-medium secondary school; mean age 36.8 years, range 19-53 years; 71% female). An online survey was carried out, and regressions conducted to examine associations between the well-being process predictor variables and the well-being outcomes. Predictors of current and long term well-being were also examined. Results: Thirty-six per cent of the sample reported high stress levels, but clinically significant anxiety and depression levels were low (7.2% anxiety; 4.4% depression). Positive well-being was predicted by high scores for psychological capital, social support, positive coping and low scores for negative work characteristics. Negative well-being was predicted by high negative work characteristics and negative coping, and low psychological capital scores. Current and long term COVID-19-related well-being was predicted by fear of infection and the stress of isolation. Conclusion: The results confirmed the applicability of the well-being process model to Welsh secondary school staff. Lockdown during COVID-19 affected well-being, with the risk of infection and the stress of isolation being the major influences.

Do Work Characteristics Mediate the Negative Effect of Transformational Leadership on Impaired Well-Being?

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Vincent-Höper ◽  
Sabine Gregersen ◽  
Albert Nienhaus
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Workplace Health Promotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Role Clarity

Abstract: In recent years, transformational leadership as a health-related factor has become a focal point of interest in research and practice. However, the pathways and mechanisms underlying this association are not yet well understood. In order to gain knowledge on how or why transformational leadership and employee well-being are associated, we investigated the mediating effect of the work characteristics role clarity and predictability. The study was carried out on 618 employees working in the health-care sector in Germany. We tested the mediator effect using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that role clarity and predictability fully mediate the relation between transformational leadership and negative indicators of well-being. These results give credit to the notion that work characteristics play an important role in identifying health-relevant aspects of leadership behavior. Our findings advance the understanding of how to enhance employee well-being and have implications for the design of leadership-related interventions of workplace health promotion.

Engaging leadership in the job demands-resources model

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmar B. Schaufeli
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to integrate leadership into the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. Based on self-determination theory, it was argued that engaging leaders who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers would reduce employee’s levels of burnout and increase their levels of work engagement. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was conducted among a representative sample of the Dutch workforce (n=1,213) and the research model was tested using structural equation modeling. Findings – It appeared that leadership only had an indirect effect on burnout and engagement – via job demands and job resources – but not a direct effect. Moreover, leadership also had a direct relationship with organizational outcomes such as employability, performance, and commitment. Research limitations/implications – The study used a cross-sectional design and all variables were based on self-reports. Hence, results should be replicated in a longitudinal study and using more objective measures (e.g. for work performance). Practical implications – Since engaged leaders, who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers, provide a work context in which employees thrive, organizations are well advised to promote engaging leadership. Social implications – Leadership seems to be a crucial factor which has an indirect impact – via job demands and job resources – on employee well-being. Originality/value – The study demonstrates that engaging leadership can be integrated into the JD-R framework.

scholarly journals Individual differences and changes in lifestyle behaviours predict decreased subjective well-being during COVID-19 restrictions in an Australian sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brindal ◽  
Jillian C Ryan ◽  
Naomi Kakoschke ◽  
Sinead Golley ◽  
Ian T Zajac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Australian Sample

Abstract Background Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing practices were introduced to curb infection rates in many countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of these restrictions on behaviours and well-being and whether individual differences predict changes in well-being. Methods Australian adults participated in a cross-sectional, online survey during May 2020. The survey captured demographic information; health behaviours; personality traits; life satisfaction and COVID-19-related attitudes, financial concerns, perceived risks and impacts. Results In total, 3745 (86.8% of 4313) participants completed all items. Participants were mostly female (85.7%) and 56.4 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.6) on average. Over 95.0% of the sample indicated they had been social distancing or isolating. Health behaviours and well-being had generally worsened, with social connections being the most negatively affected. Life satisfaction was significantly lower since restrictions. For changes in life satisfaction, extroversion was a risk factor and openness to experience was a protective factor. Conclusions Overall, well-being was negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing particularly in this sample containing mainly older women. In future, it will be crucial to understand why and who may be differentially affected, to encourage behaviours that are protective of well-being.

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