scholarly journals Influence of drug addiction on oral pathology and peculiarities of dental care for drug addicts (literature review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Fedun ◽  
A. I. Furdychko ◽  
M. P. Ilchyshyn ◽  
A. Y. Baryliak ◽  
I. V. Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
Drug Addicts

THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE INSPECTION FOR THE MONITORING OF PRISONERS SUFFERING FROM DRUG ADDICTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-212
Author(s):  
TATYANA TIMOFEEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Legislative Regulation

The article is devoted to the functions of the criminal Executive inspections of the Federal penitentiary service in monitoring convicted drug addicts. The statistical number of this category of convicts is analyzed, problematic issues are considered, contradictions and shortcomings in the legal regulation of the procedure for monitoring convicts suffering from drug addiction, and proposals are made to improve the legislative regulation of the procedure for monitoring convicted drug addicts.

Structural and Functional State of Erythrocyte Membranes at Drug Addiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
A.I. Rabadanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Heroin Addiction ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Drug Addicts

The steady growth in the number of drug addicts, especially among young people, dictates the need to find ways to prevent and treat this disease. In this regard, there is a need for a more detailed study of the mechanisms of the course of this disease using modern research methods, such as atomic force microscopy and fluorescence analysis of amino acid residues. Purpose of the work: to reveal the structural and functional state of erythrocyte membranes in drug addiction. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on the erythrocyte membranes of 60 subjects suffering from heroin addiction. The shape and topography of the erythrocyte surface were studied, and spectral analysis of the proteins of the erythrocyte membranes was carried out. Results. The conducted AFM studies of erythrocyte membranes indicate the heterogeneity of the surface mechanical properties of the erythrocyte membranes of drug addicts. The data obtained indicate an acceleration of the aging process of erythrocytes in drug addiction, which goes in two ways: the formation of outgrowths on the plasmolemma, which subsequently die off (echinocytes) and invagination of the plasmolemma of erythrocytes (spherocytes). The fluorescence spectrum of amino acids in erythrocytes of drug addicts is characterized by a significant decrease in the intensity of almost all peaks and a shift of the fluorescence peak to the short-wave region. Findings. With drug addiction, changes in the structural integrity of red blood cells are noted. In people with drug addiction, in comparison with healthy people, there is a higher variability of the morphology of erythrocytes, which is expressed in a significant increase in the proportion of echinocytes and spherocytes against the background of a significant decrease in the number of discocytes. For the membrane proteins of erythrocytes of drug addicts, conformational changes are characteristic, manifested in a decrease in the intensity of fluorescence of aromatic amino acids, which indicates their structural modification and significant vulnerability of the hematopoietic system. They are largely determined by changes in the fluorescence intensity of tryptophan and, to a lesser extent, tyrosine, which indicates the preservation of the three-dimensional structure of the protein.

Drugs and their impact on the individual and society

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 63-96
Author(s):  
INTISAR SHAHBAZ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Breakdown ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The problem of drug addiction for individuals, especially young people, is one of the most dangerous pests that cause many problems in various health, social and psychological aspects facing every society, but rather the whole world. The phenomenon of drug addiction often leaves individuals with dangerous negative effects on their behavior, whether towards themselves or towards others, and this requires the relevant institutions to strive for important and constructive solutions to reform such individuals, and then rid them of their negative behaviors, rehabilitate them and integrate them into society, to become active and effective individuals through their adoption of positive behaviors that are acceptable in line with the values, customs and traditions of their societies to which they belong. Therefore, our current study came to shed light on the most important effects resulting from the phenomenon of drug addiction among individuals through achieving the two research objectives which seek to know: 1- Causes of addiction to drug use among individuals 2- The effect of drug abuse on society. Upon verifying the two research objectives by relying on the analytical method of literature and previous studies, the two researchers reached the following results: First - The most important causes of youth addiction to drugs are poverty, begging, loss of one or both parents, the presence of a criminal in his family, invalid education and other various phenomena and deviations. Second - The symptoms of drug addiction push the addicted person to adopt deviant behaviors, as well as afflicting the addicted individual to psychological and mental pressures, and then afflicting his family with chronic diseases, in addition to the family breakdown occurring in the homes of drug addicts. Key words: drugs; Drug effect; The individual and society.

scholarly journals PERIODONTAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH DISEASES OF HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM, BURDENED WITH TOBACCO AND DRUG ADDICTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
Anastasia I. Furdychko ◽  
Marta P. Ilchyshyn ◽  
Irena R. Fedun ◽  
Adriana Ya. Barylyak ◽  
Oksana M. Slaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Toxic Hepatitis ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chronic Toxic Hepatitis

The aim: To study the effect of drug addiction and smoking on the status of periodontal tissues in patients with hepatobiliary pathology. Materials and methods: 58 smokers, 63 drug addicts with hepatobiliary pathology were examined and 92 persons of comparison group (with inflammatory periodontal diseases affected by hepatobiliary pathology, without addiction). Examination of patients included determination of iodine number by Svrakov, S-L and Stallard hygiene indices, PMA index and index PBI. Results: The results of examination of smokers are worse in patients with cirrhosis than in patients with chronic toxic hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and also the results of these two groups was significantly worse than that of the comparison group (iodine number by Svrakov – 1,4 times and 1,3 times higher, PMA index – 1,7 times and 1,4 times worse, in accordance). The results of the study showed that drug addicts patients are worse values in patients with cirrhosis than in patients with chronic toxic hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and also the results of these two groups was significantly worse than that of the comparison group (iodine number by Svrakov – 1,5 times and 1,4 times higher, PMA index – 1,7 times and 1,5 times worse, in accordance). Conclusions: Presence of hepatobiliary pathology in smokers and drug addicts increases the risk of periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Psychological Analysis of Reactive-Proactive Coping of Drug-Dependent Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
A.A. Bekhter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
External Support ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Drug Dependent

Difficulties in the rehabilitation and treatment of drug addicts are associated with the peculiarities of their behavior, which are a consequence of a change in their personality. The author conducted an empirical study on two groups of drug-dependent men with a combined form of drug addiction at the stage of treatment (n=30) and rehabilitation with a remission period of about a year (n=30); healthy male volunteers (n=30) acted as a control group. The study was conducted on the basis of the Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Khabarovsk Territory, Department of Medical Rehabilitation for people with drug addiction disorders in Khabarovsk. All men participating in the study had a higher education, a family, and the average age of all subjects was 32 ± 10.1 years. The study used: Kellerman-Plutchik's “Life style Index” methods (adapted by Wasserman L.I., Eryshev O.F., Klubova E.B. et al., 2005); coping test by Lazarus R. and Folkman S. (adapted by T.L. Kryukova, Kuftyak E.V., Zamishlyaeva M.S., 2005); questionnaire “Proactive coping behavior” Greenglass E., Schwarzer R. et al. (adapted by Belinskaya E.P., Vecherin A.V., Agadullina E.R., 2018). The main features of reactive-proactive coping in groups of drug addicts are defined: in the first group, coping is emotionally-oriented and cognitive-oriented in nature with a focus on social and emotional support, the protection mechanisms “denial”, “projection”, “substitution”, “intellectualization” prevail; in the second group, the intensity of avoidance strategies in combination with proactive overcoming without a focus on external support is identified, intellectual defenses are combined with strategies for reflective analysis. The main differences between the two groups of drug addicts are in the nature of the relationship between defense mechanisms and reactive-proactive coping strategies, in the variation of reactive strategies and their orientation, in the features of building proactive behavior. Understanding the features of reactive-proactive coping with drug addicts can greatly facilitate the work of a psychologist in remedial and rehabilitation activities with patients focused on life planning during remission.

Programs and Policies Targeted to Improve Access to Dental Care for Low Income Adults and Children in the US: An Integrative Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis AL ◽  
◽  
Zare H ◽  
Kanwar O ◽  
McCleary R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Oral Health Literacy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Access To Dental Care

Objective: The authors conducted an integrative literature review of recent studies that explored the impact of interventions implemented in the U.S. that focused on improving access to dental care for low-income and vulnerable populations. Methods: The authors conducted an integrative literature review of studies published between 2012-2018 that addressed six oral health policy spheres. 1) Community-based dental access programs; (2) Medicaid reimbursement and expansion; (3) Student loan support; (4) Oral health services in non-traditional settings and dental residency programs; (5) Programs to improve oral health literacy; and (6) Use of dental therapists. Results: The authors included 39 articles for qualitative synthesis. Numerous public health initiatives and programs exist in the US aimed at increasing access to quality oral health care. Medicaid expansion, increased Medicaid fee-for-service reimbursement rates, and state loan repayment programs have demonstrated some success in improving access among underserved populations. A diversified dental workforce, with community dental health workers and mid-level providers like dental therapists, as well as interprofessional training of nurses and primary-care physicians in oral health have also shown positive impacts in advancing health equity. Further studies are needed to understand how oral health literacy programs can affect access and utilization of dental services. Conclusions: Improvements to the oral health care safety net will require a holistic and multifaceted approach in order to reduce oral health disparities. Policy levers should work, not in isolation, but rather in complementary fashion to one another.

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