Joint custody in cases of family breakdown: selected contexts

The institution of joint custody is a relatively new phenomenon in Poland. It is still relatively scarcely discussed and explored in legal studies or in pedagogy or psychology. The increasing interest in this form of custody in the situation of parents’ divorce results mainly from the ongoing transformation of parental roles, including the renewed recognition of the role and significance of the father in the child’s life. In cases of family breakdown, joint custody is sought as a solution whose primary objective is the good of the child. The aim of this article is to explore issues related to the use and popularization of joint custody in Poland, to outline changes in legislation regarding the regulations and possibilities of applying for joint custody and to critically analyse the current research on the advantages and disadvantages of joint custody in the context of the psychosocial development of the child in the context of parents’ divorce.

Investigating the Effect of Stress Management Counseling on the Sexual Function of Infertile Women

Background: Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common causes of family breakdown. In recent years, different approaches have been used to solve this problem. Due to the negative effects of sexual dysfunction in women and its complications. Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of stress management counseling on the sexual function of infertile women referred to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan. Methods: The present study was conducted as a randomized two-group clinical trial with two pre-test and post-test stages on 104 eligible women referring to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan in 2017-2018. Intervention group subjects received 4 two-hour group counseling sessions with a cognitive-behavioral approach on sexual issues. Data were obtained using two questionnaires of demographic characteristics and Female Sexual Function Index. To analyze the data, SPSS version 21 software and paired t-test, independent t-test and analysis of covariance were used. The level of significance was considered to be less than 0.05. Results: The results of the present study showed that the mean scores in all areas of total sexual function did not differ significantly before the intervention in two groups. However, after stress management counseling, a significant increase was observed in all areas and general sexual function in the intervention group compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Stress management counseling in infertile women can play a positive and effective role in improving sexual function. Therefore, the effectiveness of this counseling in promoting sexual function can be confirmed with more confidence.

600Homelessness in Hamilton, New Zealand: debt as a tipping point?

Background The People’s Project (TPP) in Hamilton, NZ takes a Housing First approach to eliminate homelessness. A recent research collaboration provides epidemiological evidence regarding: the people served through TPP; their service engagement; pathways into homelessness; and lost opportunities for early intervention. Methods Data has been collected from a total of 755 TPP participants, including those from client registrations (July 2015-March 2017; n = 695) and a ‘pathways into homelessness’ questionnaire implemented in 2019. All participants were asked questions regarding their experiences of debt, levels of debt and the specific agencies and debtors involved. Results Common pathways into homelessness included individual factors (e.g. substance dependencies, family breakdown), structural factors (lack of suitable and accessible housing, deinstitutionalisation, service failures), and poverty exacerbated by debt. Of this cohort, 62% described current debt, and $2.8million (NZD) of debt was estimated (average of $10000 per person). Debts to government agencies were common and significant, including to Work and Income NZ, student loans, court costs and Housing NZ. Conclusions Financial difficulty, and particularly debt, is an important tipping point into homelessness. High levels of debt exclude people from permanent housing and challenge policies and practices aiming to end homelessness. Furthermore, debt to government agencies - required to invest in homelessness prevention and support - is a systems and policy failure. Key messages Financial difficulties, specifically debt, and systems failures are important tipping points for vulnerable populations into homelessness Debts owed to government agencies by the homeless population provide an opportunity to reorient the system to support homelessness prevention.

The Effect of the Belief System, Family Organizations and Family Communication on Covid-19 Prevention Behaviour: the Perspective of Family Resilience

Family resilience has a very important role, especially in dealing with prolonged problems or crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The absence of family resilience might result in family breakdown, decreased family function in decision making, and destroy values in family life. This study aims to determine the effect of belief system, organizational patterns, and family communication on COVID-19 prevention behaviour within the framework of family resilience. The study focuses on factors that most likely influence COVID-19 prevention behaviour. This research is a descriptive analytic study using a cross-sectional approach. A total of 100 respondents representing households in the Banten province filled out or an online a questionnaire using Google Form. In this study, the multivariate analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The analysis showed that the variables that had significant relationships with COVID-19 prevention behaviour were the belief system (p = 0.005), family organization (p = 0.008) and family communication (p = 0.001). The results of this study also show that the family communication is the most related variable with an odds ratio of 2694, which means that family communication has the greatest influence of 2-3 times of ?? in efforts to prevent COVID-19.

Suicidal Ideations and Attempts Among Adolescents in Kampala Urban Settlements in Uganda: A Case Study of Adolescents Receiving Care From the Uganda Youth Development Link

There is an increasing recognition that suicidal ideation is a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. We employed a case study design, taking a case study of adolescents currently under the care of Uganda Youth Development Link (UYDEL). The data analyzed were collected from 219 female and male adolescents (13–19 years) recruited through UYDEL in Kampala, Uganda. A Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to assess the risk factors associated with suicidality. The prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past 4 weeks and attempt within the past 6 months among adolescents was 30.6% (95% CI: 24.8, 38.0%) and 24.2% (95% CI: 18.7, 30.4%), respectively. The most stressful precursors of suicidal ideation or attempt included financial difficulties (59.5%), family breakdown or conflicts (37.4%), and trauma (23.1%). Suicidal ideation in the past 1 week preceding the survey was as high as 13.3% (95% CI: 9.0, 18.6%), of which 75.0% (95% CI: 55.1%, 89.3%) had a suicide plan. Prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past 4 weeks was significantly higher among respondents with moderate psychological distress [Prevalence Ratio (PRR) = 2.74; 95% CI: 0.96, 7.84] and severe psychological distress (PRR = 4.75; 95% CI: 1.72, 13.08) but lower among adolescents who knew where to obtain professional psychological care (PRR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.87). Similarly, suicidal attempt was significantly higher among respondents with moderate psychological distress (PRR = 4.72; 95% CI: 1.01, 12.03) and severe psychological distress (PRR = 11.8; 95% CI: 4.66, 32.37), and who abuse drugs or substances (PRR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.01). Therefore, suicidal ideation is a major public health issue among adolescents living in poor urban settlements in Kampala, Uganda. Psychological distress due to financial difficulties, unemployment, and family breakdown are major facilitators of suicidality among adolescents in urban poor settlements in Kampala. Interventions aimed at preventing suicide among vulnerable adolescents in urban settlements in Kampala, Uganda should incorporate this unique risk factor profile.

ПРАВОСЛАВНІ ПАРАФІЯЛЬНІ ГРОМАДИ ЯК ОСЕРЕДКИ КОНТРОЛЮ ЗА ШЛЮБНОЮ МОБІЛЬНІСТЮ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ XVIII ‒ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХІХ ст.

The Purpose of the Research. The article focuses on the issue of the territorial affiliation of people to the Orthodox parish communities; they controlled the marital mobility of the Ukrainian population of the 18th ‒ the first half of the 19th centuries primarily to prevent illegal weddings and births. The Methodology of the Research. The construction of a generalized image of the Orthodox parish communities took place at the rational and emotional levels of knowledge, but at the same time based on the principle of objectivity. Interdisciplinary strategies of historical anthropology, the methods of critical, structural analysis and the method of sources deconstruction have been used. Interpretations and conclusions are based on the materials of seven archival institutions and documentation of a directive administrative, informational and publishing direction. The Scientific Novelty. The presentation of a new look at the Orthodox communities at the same time exposed the pressing social problems of the period under study, some of which are relevant today: begging, profligacy, crime, illegal weddings and childbearing, infanticide, family breakdown due to the departure of one of the married couple to earn money or sale serfs and, etc. The Conclusions. In the XVIIIth century witness documentation was introduced, which allowed the population to migrate and get married legally. According to a civil law, the marriage registration by parishioners who were the bride or groom, was supposed to take place in the churches. People acquired membership in the new parish in the context of the issuance of the relevant permission documents in connection with the relocation, the redeployment of military units, the remoteness of the parish church from society, the unsatisfactory state of the church premises for worship, and etc. Significant factors that led to significant population movements and possible violations of matrimonial requirements were the salary movement of the common people and the flight of serfs. In the marriage case of dependent peasants of different owners and changes in the arrival of the bride-serfs, they had to submit manumission, letters of sale and purchase of peasants, or documents, which testified to releasing a person from serfdom.

Drugs and their impact on the individual and society

The problem of drug addiction for individuals, especially young people, is one of the most dangerous pests that cause many problems in various health, social and psychological aspects facing every society, but rather the whole world. The phenomenon of drug addiction often leaves individuals with dangerous negative effects on their behavior, whether towards themselves or towards others, and this requires the relevant institutions to strive for important and constructive solutions to reform such individuals, and then rid them of their negative behaviors, rehabilitate them and integrate them into society, to become active and effective individuals through their adoption of positive behaviors that are acceptable in line with the values, customs and traditions of their societies to which they belong. Therefore, our current study came to shed light on the most important effects resulting from the phenomenon of drug addiction among individuals through achieving the two research objectives which seek to know: 1- Causes of addiction to drug use among individuals 2- The effect of drug abuse on society. Upon verifying the two research objectives by relying on the analytical method of literature and previous studies, the two researchers reached the following results: First - The most important causes of youth addiction to drugs are poverty, begging, loss of one or both parents, the presence of a criminal in his family, invalid education and other various phenomena and deviations. Second - The symptoms of drug addiction push the addicted person to adopt deviant behaviors, as well as afflicting the addicted individual to psychological and mental pressures, and then afflicting his family with chronic diseases, in addition to the family breakdown occurring in the homes of drug addicts. Key words: drugs; Drug effect; The individual and society.

The Occurrence of the Preconditions for Social Exclusion in the Czech Republic: A Basis for the Planning of Social Prevention Services

Persisting social exclusion is one of the key issues the European Union Member States have to handle according to the headline targets of the Europe 2020 strategy. In the Czech Republic, more than 1 million people – 12.5% of the whole population – lived in the year 2019 at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Between the years 2010 and 2019, the monetary poverty rate oscillated around 10%. Although these are one of the lowest rates among the EU Member States, reduction and elimination of social exclusion has still been a challenge for the Czech policy-makers due to the relatively constant rates of monetary poverty, as low incomes are generally recognized as one of the causes of social exclusion. The aim of the paper is to identify the occurrence of the preconditions for social exclusion in the Czech districts revealed in the inter-district comparison that is based on the multi-criterial evaluation of the socio-economic situation in these districts. Such evaluation can serve as a basis for the planning of social prevention services, which are regarded as the means of prevention and reduction of social exclusion. Our findings obtained with the use of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making technique reveal that the occurrence of the preconditions for social exclusion varies among LAU1 districts of the Czech Republic and that districts lying in two NUT3 regions are affected more than others. Individuals living there are more likely to be socially excluded, especially if this higher probability derived from the districts’ socio-economic situation is accompanied with their individual poor skills, health, or family breakdown.

Coparenting autistic children during COVID-19: Emerging insights from practice

Globally, parents and caregivers of children with autism have been particularly impacted by the recent changes due to COVID-19. Reduced access to schools, community supports, and therapeutic services makes parenting more challenging during the pandemic, and especially for parents with children with autism and who are experiencing family breakdown. There remains little guidance to assist coparenting autistic children during COVID-19 after separation and divorce. This brief paper summarizes emerging issues arising in clinical practice to offer recommendations for social work practice.