scholarly journals NOCE MROŹNE W POZNANIU I ICH CYRKULACYJNE UWARUNKOWANIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
ARKADIUSZ M. TOMCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Pressure Ridge ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

The main purpose of this article was to determine the pressure situations and circulation types causing the occurrence of frosty nights in Poznań in the years 1966/67–2015/16. A night was assumed to be a frosty night with a minimum temperature below –10°C. The article uses the daily values of the minimum air temperature for the period of 1966–2016 for the station in Poznań. The data was provided by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute. In the analyzed years, 10 frosty nights were recorded on average every season. Conducted studies showed a decrease in their number, although these changes were not statistically significant. The average occurrence of frosty nights was associated with the presence of a high-pressure system over Central Europe, which developed within a high-pressure ridge extending over the majority of the continent. Such a pressure situation led to the advection of continental air masses from the eastern sector.

scholarly journals Impact of Atmospheric Circulation on the Occurrence of Hot Nights in Central Europe

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

The main goal of the study is to determine the pressure conditions that cause waves of hot nights in Central Europe. The goal was implemented on the basis of data from 1966 to 2015, made available by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute, Deutscher Wetterdienst and the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR). A hot night was defined as a day with the minimum air temperature above 18 °C. In the analysed years, an increase in the number of hot nights was found, which was predominantly statistically significant within the studied area. The study shows that the occurrence of waves of hot nights in Central Europe was associated on average with the ridge of high pressure, within which a local high-pressure area developed. During the waves of hot nights, there were positive anomalies of heights of isobaric surfaces over the study area with a maximum in the upper troposphere.

scholarly journals Formation and transport of photooxidants over Europe during the July 2006 heat wave – observations and GEM-AQ model simulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 10467-10514 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Struzewska ◽  
J. W. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Exposure Indicators

Abstract. The European heat wave of July 2006 was caused by advection of very hot and dry air from North Africa. Air masses were transported on the western edge of the high pressure system, centred over Eastern Europe, resulting in exceptionally high air temperatures over large areas of the continent. In the first two weeks of July 2006 a severe heat wave affected Central and North-Eastern Europe. We present a synoptic analysis of the July 2006 European heat wave, resulting formation and transport of photooxidants over Europe as simulated by the on-line tropospheric chemistry model GEM-AQ. The model was executed on a global variable grid with ~15 km resolution over the entire European continent. Modelling results have been compared with surface observations and vertical soundings of meteorological and air quality parameters. We find that the calculated error measures, as well as analysis of time series and trends for selected quantities, indicate good model performance over the simulation period. The spatial pattern of two exposure indicators – SOMO35 and AOT40 – showed similarities with the high temperatures distribution. The zone of highest exposure was located over Central Europe along the advection path of the hot African air mass. The exposure to high ozone concentrations in higher latitudes was reduced by the dilution and aging of polluted air masses advected from over Central Europe.

scholarly journals Principal features of Chornohora climate (Ukrainian Carpathians)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Błażejczyk ◽  
Oleh Skrynyk
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Snow Cover Depth ◽  
Area Data

Abstract Chornohora is the highest mountain ridge in the Ukrainian Carpathians with 6 peaks of an altitude over 2,000 m above sea level (Hoverla is the highest peak, 2,061 m a.s.l). Its climate is explored less than other mountain ridges in Europe. The massif is a climatic barrier for air masses on NW-SE line. To describe the climate of this area data from the weather station at Pozhyzhevska alpine meadow for the years 1961–2010 were used. The seasonal and long-term variability of air temperature, atmospheric precipitation and snow cover were investigated on the background of air circulation types. The results show that general features of Chornohora climate depend both, on elevation above sea level and on air circulation. Lowest temperature is observed at N-NE circulation and highest precipitation – at western air inflow. Long-term changes of examined climate elements in Chornohora show significant increase in mean (0.13°/10 years) and minimum (0.22°C/10 years) air temperature as well as in snow cover depth and number of snowy days.

scholarly journals Occurrence and synoptic background of strong and very strong frost in spring and autumn in Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Szyga-Pluta ◽  
Ewa Bednorz
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
Northern Sector

Abstract The objective of the paper was the determination of the circulation conditions of occurrence of strong and very strong frost in Central Europe. A frost day was defined as a day with the minimum temperature lower than 0 °C and maximum temperature higher than 0 °C. Moreover, a division of frost was performed in terms of value of minimum temperature, resulting in the designation of mild frost (up to − 2.0 °C), moderate frost (from − 2.1 to − 4 °C), strong frost (from − 4.1 to − 6 °C) and very strong frost (< − 6 °C). The study was based on data from the years 1966–2015 from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute, Deutscher Wetterdienst and National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR). The analysis of baric conditions employed values of pressure at sea level, height of isobaric surface of 500 hPa and air temperature at a level of 850 hPa, as well as their anomalies. The spatial analysis showed that the number of frost days in spring and autumn increased from the west to the east of Central Europe. A decrease in the number of frost days, however, is observed over the prevailing area. Average conditions favouring the occurrence of strong and very strong frost both in spring and autumn were related to higher than average pressure at sea level over the prevailing area of the Euro-Atlantic sector. Such baric conditions caused advections of cool air masses from the northern sector.

scholarly journals Formation and transport of photooxidants over Europe during the July 2006 heat wave – observations and GEM-AQ model simulations

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Struzewska ◽  
J. W. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Exposure Indicators

Abstract. The European heat wave of July 2006 was caused by advection of very hot and dry air from North Africa. Air masses were transported on the western edge of the high pressure system, centred over Eastern Europe, resulting in exceptionally high air temperatures over large areas of the continent. In the first two weeks of July 2006 a severe heat wave affected Central and North-Eastern Europe. We present a synoptic analysis of the July 2006 European heat wave, resulting formation and transport of photooxidants over Europe as simulated by the on-line tropospheric chemistry model GEM-AQ. The model was executed on a global variable grid with ~15 km resolution over the entire European continent. Modelling results have been compared with surface observations and vertical soundings of meteorological and air quality parameters. We find that the calculated error measures, as well as analysis of time series and trends for selected quantities, indicate good model performance over the simulation period. The spatial pattern of two exposure indicators – SOMO35 and AOT40 – showed similarities with the high temperatures distribution. The zone of highest exposure was located over Central Europe along the advection path of the hot African air mass. The exposure to high ozone concentrations in higher latitudes was reduced by the dilution and aging of polluted air masses advected from over Central Europe.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of the Severe Cold Weather Event over Central Europe (January 2006)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hari Prasad ◽  
Joanna Wibig ◽  
Marcin Rzepa
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Cold Wave ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Wave Event

Cold waves commonly occur in higher latitudes under prevailing high pressure systems especially during winter season which cause serious economical loss and cold related death. Accurate prediction of such severe weather events is important for decision making by administrators and for mitigation planning. An Advanced high resolution Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model is used to simulate a severe cold wave event occurred during January 2006 over Europe. The model is integrated for 31 days starting from 00UTC of 1 January 2006 with 30 km horizontal resolution. Comparison of the model derived area averaged daily mean temperatures at 2m height from different zones over the central Europe with observations indicates that the model is able to simulate the occurrence of the cold wave with the observed time lag of 1 to 3days but with lesser intensity. The temperature, winds, surface pressure and the geopential heights at 500 hPa reveal that the cold wave development associates with the southward progression of a high pressure system and cold air advection. The results have good agreement with the analysis fields indicates that the model has the ability to reproduce the time evolution of the cold wave event.

scholarly journals The Link Between from Day to Day Change of Weather Types and Synoptic Situations in Kraków During the Period 1961–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Piotrowicz ◽  
Joanna Szlagor
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Weather Type ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Atmospheric Fronts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper analyses day-to-day changes of weather types and links these with synoptic situations, i.e. circulation types, air masses and weather fronts. The weather types were classified according to Woś (1999), while a calendar proposed by Niedźwiedź (2013) was used for synoptic situations. Weather records from Kraków were used covering the period 1961-2010. The frequency of all combinations of day-to-day weather type changes was calculated, identified using specific values of air temperature, cloudiness and precipitation. The analysis of the succession and frequency of the day-to-day changes was linked with the synoptic situations accompanying the change. It was found that the thermal weather types were relatively very stable and remained unchanged on the following day in 61.3% of cases, and that the synoptic situation also remained similar. Weather subtypes, identified with just cloudiness and precipitation, but not temperature, displayed much more day-to-day change in terms of frequency and scale. Synoptically it was the air mass change and/or the occurrence of atmospheric fronts, which tended to cause day-to-day weather type changes, while the impact of circulation was not always clear. Particular attention was devoted to sudden weather type changes caused primarily by dramatic air temperature fluctuations.

scholarly journals The influence of atmospheric circulation on bioclimatic conditions in Lublin (Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bartoszek ◽  
Sylwester Wereski ◽  
Agnieszka Krzyżewska ◽  
Mateusz Dobek
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study evaluates the relationship between atmospheric circulation conditions and the frequency of heat/cold stress in Lublin in the years 1951-2010 according to the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The paper outlines the frequency and conditional probability of heat/cold stress during particular circulation types and analyses the circulation patterns that induce these incidences. Increased wind velocity had a significant effect on creating unfavourable bioclimatic conditions in winter. Meanwhile, in summer, heat stress was observed almost exclusively when a high pressure system from eastern Europe induced a slow inflow of very warm air masses from the east or south.

scholarly journals 2019–2020 Australia Fire and Its Relationship to Hydroclimatological and Vegetation Variabilities

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3067
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Ehsani ◽  
Jorge Arevalo ◽  
Christoforus Bayu Risanto ◽  
Mostafa Javadian ◽  
Charles John Devine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
High Pressure System ◽  
Southeast Australia ◽  
The Relationship

Wildfire is a major concern worldwide and particularly in Australia. The 2019–2020 wildfires in Australia became historically significant as they were widespread and extremely severe. Linking climate and vegetation settings to wildfires can provide insightful information for wildfire prediction, and help better understand wildfires behavior in the future. The goal of this research was to examine the relationship between the recent wildfires, various hydroclimatological variables, and satellite-retrieved vegetation indices. The analyses performed here show the uniqueness of the 2019–2020 wildfires. The near-surface air temperature from December 2019 to February 2020 was about 1 °C higher than the 20-year mean, which increased the evaporative demand. The lack of precipitation before the wildfires, due to an enhanced high-pressure system over southeast Australia, prevented the soil from having enough moisture to supply the demand, and set the stage for a large amount of dry fuel that highly favored the spread of the fires.

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