ŹRÓDŁA WIEDZY TŁUMACZA W PRZEKŁADZIE NIEMIECKIEGO WYROKU SĄDOWEGO A POPRAWNOŚĆ TRANSLATU

Sources Of Knowledge ◽

Legal Texts ◽

Effective Use ◽

Parallel Texts ◽

This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the use of selected sources of the knowledge of translator (dictionaries, parallel texts and online resources) in translation, the results of the experiments in the scope of specialized translation teaching and the practical implications resulting for carrying out classes of specialist translations and educating translators of the ability to make effective use of the available sources of knowledge when trans-lating legal texts ‒ court judgments.

Available options for doing more with less: laboraory automation as one tool in the arsenal

Journal of Automatic Chemistry ◽

10.1155/s146392469800011x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 87-89

Author(s):

Stephen Scypinski ◽

John Baiano ◽

Theodore Sadlowski

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Automation ◽

Drug Discovery Process ◽

Contract Research Organization ◽

Line Extensions ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

Analytical Development ◽

Effective Use ◽

Case Basis

Projects that require analytical support can evolve from a number of different situations, for example new molecular entities from drug discovery; process changes; packaging changes; site changes; line extensions; and inlicensed projects and compounds. Laboratory automation has been shown to provide a viable and practical solution to assisting in analytical development. However, it is not always the most logical answer. A truly flexible and responsive analytical unit will make a decision on a case-by-case basis, when faced with a new project, whether it is best to: automate some or all aspects/testing involved; contract out to a reputable and approved contract research organization (CRO); hire temporary help; use available in-house resources; use a combination of the options shown above (for example to evaluate the complexity of the new project versus what the in-house resources are currently working on). The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the various options with respect to providing analytical support and suggests optionsfor the most effective use of resources. The role of automation as one of the important tools in the arsenal of these options is highlighted.

Think about it – can portrayals of homosexuality in advertising prime consumer-perceived social connectedness and empathy?

European Journal of Marketing ◽

10.1108/ejm-11-2015-0765 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 82-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Nina Åkestam ◽

Sara Rosengren ◽

Micael Dahlen

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Social Effects ◽

Attitudes Toward Homosexuality ◽

Content Type ◽

Thought Listing ◽

Societal Level ◽

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether portrayals of homosexuality in advertising can generate social effects in terms of consumer-perceived social connectedness and empathy. Design/methodology/approach In three experimental studies, the effects of advertising portrayals of homosexuality were compared to advertising portrayals of heterosexuality. Study 1 uses a thought-listing exercise to explore whether portrayals of homosexuality (vs heterosexuality) can evoke more other-related thoughts and whether such portrayals affect consumer-perceived social connectedness and empathy. Study 2 replicates the findings while introducing attitudes toward homosexuality as a boundary condition and measuring traditional advertising effects. Study 3 replicates the findings while controlling for gender, perceived similarity and targetedness. Findings The results show that portrayals of homosexuality in advertising can prime consumers to think about other people, thereby affecting them socially. In line with previous studies of portrayals of homosexuality in advertising, these effects are moderated by attitudes toward homosexuality. Research limitations/implications This paper adds to a growing body of literature on the potentially positive extended effects of advertising. They also challenge some of the previous findings regarding homosexuality in advertising. Practical implications The finding that portrayals of homosexuality in advertising can (at least, temporarily) affect consumers socially in terms of social connectedness and empathy should encourage marketers to explore the possibilities of creating advertising that benefits consumers and brands alike. Originality/value The paper challenges the idea that the extended effects of advertising have to be negative. By showing how portrayals of homosexuality can increase social connectedness and empathy, it adds to the discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of advertising on a societal level.

From Mosquito Bites to Sexual Transmission: Evaluating Mouse Models of Zika Virus Infection

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13112244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2244

Author(s):

Elizabeth Balint ◽

Amelia Montemarano ◽

Emily Feng ◽

Ali A. Ashkar

Keyword(s):

Mouse Models ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Sexual Transmission ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Effective Use ◽

The Impact ◽

Male To Female

Following the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Latin America, ZIKV has emerged as a global health threat due to its ability to induce neurological disease in both adults and the developing fetus. ZIKV is largely mosquito-borne and is now endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia, and South America. However, several reports have demonstrated persistent ZIKV infection of the male reproductive tract and evidence of male-to-female sexual transmission of ZIKV. Sexual transmission may broaden the reach of ZIKV infections beyond its current geographical limits, presenting a significant threat worldwide. Several mouse models of ZIKV infection have been developed to investigate ZIKV pathogenesis and develop effective vaccines and therapeutics. However, the majority of these models focus on mosquito-borne infection, while few have considered the impact of sexual transmission on immunity and pathogenesis. This review will examine the advantages and disadvantages of current models of mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted ZIKV and provide recommendations for the effective use of ZIKV mouse models.

Performance measurement and management systems as IT artefacts

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management ◽

10.1108/ijppm-08-2017-0206 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 1214-1233 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marie Marchand ◽

Louis Raymond

Keyword(s):

Performance Measurement ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Business Value ◽

Management Systems ◽

Nomological Network ◽

Content Type ◽

It Business Value ◽

Effective Use ◽

Practical Implications ◽

And Task

Purpose Considering performance measurement and management systems (PMMS) to be “mission-critical” information systems for many business organisations, calls have been made for researchers to shift from studying the use of such systems to studying their “effective” use, and in so doing to focus on their characterisation as information technology (IT) artefacts. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In seeking to answer these calls, the authors apply Burton-Jones and Grange’s theoretical framework to study the dimensions, contextual drivers and benefits of the effective use of PMMS. This is done through a field study of 16 PMMS artefacts as used in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Findings In characterising, contextualising and valuing the effective use of PMMS, this study provides answers to the following questions: What constitutes the effective use of PMMS? What are the user, artefactual and task-related drivers of such use? And what are the benefits for SMEs of using performance measurement and management (PMM) systems effectively? Practical implications With regard to the design of a PMMS artefact, the findings imply that one should concentrate on those artefactual attributes that most enable informed action on the part of owner-managers, as it is these actions have the greater consequences for the realisation of IT business value in SMEs. Moreover, the nomological network resulting from this research provides the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of a diagnostic tool meant to develop the PMM function in SMEs. Originality/value This study provides further empirical grounding and understanding. This study provides further empirical grounding and understanding of the concept of effective use, as well as further applicability and actionability to this concept and to the nomological network of its dimensions, contextual drivers and benefits in the case of PMMS and in the context of SMEs.

Features of the language of law: A comparative study of Polish, English and Indonesian legal texts

International Journal of Legal Discourse ◽

10.1515/ijld-2019-2013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 69-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daria Zozula

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Real Estate ◽

Comparative Study ◽

United States Of America ◽

The United States ◽

Legal Text ◽

Legal Texts ◽

The Republic ◽

Civil Codes ◽

Parallel Texts

Abstract Researchers studying the language of law agree that there is a number of certain features which are characteristic of the legal genre, regardless of the language of the legal text. Among the most commonly listed features of lingua legis are: conventionalised sentences, performative verbs, Latinisms, euphemisms, and time expressions. The paper provides a discussion of these features, as well as provides examples of their occurrence in Polish, English, and Indonesian legal texts. The analised corpus includes the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, The Constitution of the United States of America with amendments, Polish and Indonesian Civil Codes (clauses concerning obligations), together with a set of parallel texts of rental agreements and real estate sale contracts.

Volume 5: 22nd International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology; Special Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise ◽

Physical Models in Idea Generation: Hindrance or Help?

10.1115/detc2010-28327 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Vimal K. Viswanathan ◽

Julie S. Linsey

Keyword(s):

Mental Models ◽

New Product Development ◽

Idea Generation ◽

New Product ◽

Physical Models ◽

Critical Part ◽

Design Fixation ◽

Effective Use ◽

Physical Phenomena

Engineering idea generation is a critical part of new product development and physical models are one tool used in this phase of design. Unfortunately, few guidelines about the effective use of physical models to support idea generation exist. The advantages and disadvantages of physical models need to be clarified so that engineers know when and where to implement them effectively. Previous literature indicates there is potential for design fixation on physical prototypes. This limits the solutions considered. In contrast, other recommendations encourage the extensive use of physical models and the psychological literature indicates that physical representations have the potential to lead to more feasible design by supporting designers’ mental models of physical phenomena. This study evaluates these questions with a between-subjects experiment with four conditions, sketching only, building, building & testing, and constrained sketching. No evidence for design fixation is observed. The results show that physical models supplement designers’ mental models, thereby leading to higher quality ideas (fraction of functional ideas). This result shows a potential way of improving designer’s innovation by strategically implementing fast and cheap prototyping methods.

Instruction through virtual reference: mapping the ACRL framework

Reference Services Review ◽

10.1108/rsr-09-2019-0060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 243-257

Author(s):

Rebecca Hill Renirie

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Academic Librarians ◽

Threshold Concepts ◽

Virtual Reference ◽

Content Type ◽

Research Libraries ◽

Instructional Content ◽

Effective Use ◽

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine teaching intent of information literacy threshold concepts via asynchronous reference transactions. Instructional content in academic librarians’ replies to research requests are analyzed for and mapped to threshold concepts contained in the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) framework. Design/methodology/approach The author mapped the instructional content of a research request reply template to the content of the ACRL framework, then took a random sample of research requests using the template during the calendar year 2016. Additional instructional content provided in the sample replies was also mapped to the framework. Findings In providing written instruction for students to create searches from keywords and search subject-specific databases, every frame is at least partially addressed in the template except Scholarship as Conversation. However, individual librarians adapt the template to teach as needed and there are examples in this case study of teaching aspects of all six frames asynchronously. Practical implications This study provides support for librarians to teach the threshold concepts of the ACRL framework asynchronously at the point of need during virtual reference, and the effective use of a research reply template to accomplish this instruction. Originality/value Few recent studies examine instructional intent in asynchronous/email reference. This study examines teaching the ACRL framework via reference rather than instructional sessions. A portion of this research was presented as a poster at the 2017 ACRL Conference in Baltimore, Maryland.

Audit committee role: formal rituals or effective oversight process?

Managerial Auditing Journal ◽

10.1108/maj-11-2017-1708 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 673-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ahmed Atef Oussii ◽

Mohamed Faker Klibi ◽

Insaf Ouertani

Keyword(s):

Audit Committee ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Audit Committees ◽

Content Type ◽

Meaningful Information ◽

Field Investigations ◽

Legal Texts ◽

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the perception held by attendees about the role and the effectiveness of their audit committees. Design/methodology/approach The investigation was conducted via a qualitative methodology through the content analysis of interviews conducted with 33 attendees of audit committee meetings of Tunisian listed companies. Findings The findings reveal that audit committees do not have the means to achieve the objectives that they have been given by the legal texts, which are likely to characterize their work as “ceremonial” or “symbolic.” This paper also found that the most significant effects of the audit committee chair’s role come through informal meetings and conversations. Practical implications The paper’s findings have policy implications for regulators. Findings from this research may allow regulators to assess whether the audit committee activities in Tunisian companies meet their expectations. Originality/value This paper tries to fill a gap in the extant literature and provides meaningful information on activities performed by audit committees and the extent to which they are perceived effective in the eyes of attendees of audit-committee meetings. This study is one of the few field investigations that have analyzed audit committees’ effectiveness in emerging markets through interviews with attendees involved in audit-committee processes.

Barriers to effective use of human capital analytics

Human Resource Management International Digest ◽

10.1108/hrmid-08-2017-0139 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 30-32

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Case Studies ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Reading Time ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

Content Type ◽

Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽

Pertinent Information ◽

Effective Use ◽

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Greater focus is the key to better HR analytics. The authors summarize their six recommendations that will ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of HR analytics. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty – advantages and disadvantages used bone cement of PMMA

Journal of Achievements of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.3186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1-2 (92) ◽

pp. 36-49

Author(s):

P. Choryłek

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Actual State ◽

Polymerization Temperature ◽

Bone Cements ◽

Compression Fractures ◽

Fundamental Properties ◽

Purpose: This paper is a review of literature where the analyses of the commonly used bone cements were carried out especially: methods of manufacturing, surgical techniques, mechanical properties, biocompatibility studies as well as possibility of improvement some properties by using additives. Design/methodology/approach: The aim of this publication is the analysis of the state of knowledge and treatment methods on compression fractures, approximation of the specifics of compression fractures, presentation of minimally invasive percutaneous surgical techniques, description of features of the most common used bone cement on matrix Poly(methyl methacrylate) – (PMMA) and presentation cement parameters which affect potential postoperative complications. Findings: In considering to review of actual state of knowledge there is a need to find the additives which allow: to reduce the polymerization temperature, improve the biocompatibility as well as mechanical properties. During the studies it was found that the additive which can meet the requirements is glassy carbon in form of powder. Practical implications: Discussion allows to prepare samples during practical work with new kind additives in composite with bone cement as matrix. Originality/value: The original in this discussion is the possibility to improve fundamental properties of the selected bone cements by using different than commonly used additives.