scholarly journals Wychodnie rud miedzi na terenie ukrainy zachodniej jako baza surowcowa metalurgii kolorowej w okresie funkcjonowania kultury trypolskiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 47-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor I. Klochko ◽  
Vjacheslav I. Manichev ◽  
Galina S. Kompanec ◽  
Miron S. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Tripolye Culture ◽  
Copper Ores

The article presents a study of copper ore from western Ukraine aimed at explanation of possibilities of their exploitation for the color metallurgy development during the period of Tripolye culture. It gives a short characteristics of lithological, mineralogical, and geochemical composition of copper ores from the Dneper area, Volhynia, and the Carpathians plateau. It further presents results of chemical and spectral analysis of ore-bearing rocks, evaluation of its current state and potential possibilities of their use in the past. Based upon a statement that metal objects produced during the existence of the Tripolye culture were made of pure copper two methods of its procurement were considered: (a) from a virgin copper, and (b) from oxygenated copper ore of sedimentary origin in which a small number of admixtures was noticed. The paper shows the potential of studies aimed at explanation of the correlation between contemporary and past copper ores and some copper goods from archaeological sites of the Tarnopol region.

The Chilean Copper Smelting Industry in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Phases of Expansion and Stagnation, 1834–58

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Pure Copper ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Copper Mining ◽  
Copper Industry ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chilean Copper ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Processed Form ◽  
Copper Ores

This article looks at the beginnings and early development of the modern copper smelting industry in Chile. It analyses the factors which led to its occurrence, contrasting it with other countries where no smelting industry developed. It argues that the development of the Chilean smelting industry stimulated copper mining and reinforced the expansion of coal mining. Furthermore, it permitted the retention in the country of a larger part of the rent generated by copper mining than would have been the case had all the copper ore been exported, and was therefore an important factor in the development of the Chilean economy as a whole.Until 1879 tne Chilean copper industry was the most dynamic sector of the economy of the Republic. During the period 1844—79 it generated exports of 341 million pesos (around £64 million), or 42.3 % of the total value of the exports of the country, and contributed 29 million pesos, or almost 10% of the ordinary fiscal income, through the export duty levied.1 Most of this copper left Chile in the shape of ingots of over 99% fine (that is pure) copper, bar copper of c. 96 % fine or regulus, a semi-processed form of copper of around 50% fine; only 12.1 % left in the shape of copper ores of different types.2 The smelting and, to an even greater extent, the refining of the copper ore in Chile permitted the miners to develop a wider variety of potential markets. It also facilitated the Luis Valenzuela is a Lecturer at the Centre for Development Studies, University College of Swansea.

scholarly journals Some Notes on Maintaining Authenticity in the Presentation of Archaeological Sites in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Kamenova ◽  
Lyudmil Vagalinski
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Value

We present the challenges facing Bulgarian experts in finding the balance between preserving the authenticity of archaeological structures and their context, and turning them into a comprehensible and attractive visitor site. Thanks to European funding over the past ten years, a number of projects have been implemented in Bulgaria for conservation, restoration, exhibition and public presentation of archaeological heritage, where the main aim is to achieve a complete visitor product. The economic and social effect, on the one hand, has a positive impact as an inspiration for archaeological research and the popularisation of this type of cultural heritage, but has led to a compromise of the scientific value at some sites. We note some examples to illustrate the combined role of experts, participants and stakeholders in their 'reading' and 'translating' the archaeology – seeking to generate interest, clarify and convey the experience of 'genius loci'. The role of the state in the management of archaeological heritage is examined through its different governmental levels and interaction. The requirements imposed by legislation and practice are also observed. First, the development of the archaeological heritage conservation system in Bulgaria will be briefly reviewed, its current state of the processes, its actors and the interactions between them, the positive and the negative aspects, and, in more detail, the problems we face in preserving authenticity while turning the archaeological site into an attractive one. Then we focus on our main topic; the authenticity and the attractiveness of archaeological sites in Bulgaria.

scholarly journals Is it the Thought that Counts? An evaluation of Digital Archaeological Data Archiving in Catalonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Batlle Baró
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Data Archiving ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Data Archives

Archaeological data archiving has not been a major concern in Catalonia. The heritage legal corpus does not engage with the archiving and curation of archaeological data other than the excavation reports. However, it highlights the responsibility of the administration in cataloguing and disseminating the cultural heritage. For this reason, a lot of effort has been invested during the past few years in inventorying known archaeological sites and publishing archaeological reports, with the aim of increasing the transparency of the administration towards its citizens. This article describes the present situation for archaeology in Catalonia, its legal framework and the main initiatives carried out to archive, manage, and publish archaeological data from a user's point of view. Its main aim is to evaluate the current state of archaeological data archives and public databases by analysing the existing platforms with a set of indicators. This assessment leads to the conclusion that the current repositories and databases could be more worthwhile if some limitations were overcome, but also that the advance in archaeological data archiving is restricted by existing law.

TEM study of a biofilm on copper corrosion

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
N. Kohyama ◽  
B. Little ◽  
P. Wagner ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copper Tolerant

The corrosion of copper and copper alloys in a marine environment is of great concern because of their widespread use in heat exchangers and steam condensers in which natural seawater is the coolant. It has become increasingly evident that microorganisms play an important role in the corrosion of a number of metals and alloys under a variety of environments. For the past 15 years the use of SEM has proven to be useful in studying biofilms and spatial relationships between bacteria and localized corrosion of metals. Little information, however, has been obtained using TEM capitalizing on its higher spacial resolution and the transmission observation of interfaces. The research presented herein is the first step of this new approach in studying the corrosion with biological influence in pure copper.Commercially produced copper (Cu, 99%) foils of approximately 120 μm thick exposed to a copper-tolerant marine bacterium, Oceanospirillum, and an abiotic culture medium were subsampled (1 cm × 1 cm) for this study along with unexposed control samples.

Current state and main directions of preservation and strengthening of health of the working population of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Bukhtiyarov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents the results of the analysis of health, working conditions and prevalence of adverse production factors, the structure of the detected occupational pathology in the working population of the Russian Federation. The article presents Statistical data on the dynamics of the share of workplaces of industrial enterprises that do not meet hygienic standards, occupational morbidity in 2015-2018 for the main groups of adverse factors of the production environment and the labor process. The indicators of occupational morbidity over the past 6 years in the context of the main types of economic activity, individual subjects of the Russian Federation, classes of working conditions, levels of specialized occupational health care. The role of the research Institute of occupational pathology and occupational pathology centers in solving organizational, methodological and practical tasks for the detection, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of occupational diseases is shown. The basic directions of activity in the field of preservation and strengthening of health of workers, and also safety at a workplace are defined.

A LOOK INTO THE EARTH: EVALUATING THE USE OF MAGNETIC SURVEY IN AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGY

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Magnavita ◽  
Norbert Schleifer
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Prehistoric Settlements ◽  
Present Case Study

In the last decades, geophysical methods such as magnetic survey have become a common technique for prospecting archaeological sites. At sub-Saharan archaeological sites, however, magnetic survey and correlated techniques never came into broad use and there are no signs for an immediate change of this situation. This paper examines the magnetic survey undertaken on the Nigerian site of Zilum, a settlement of the Gajiganna Culture (ca 1800-400 BC) located in the Chad Basin and dated to ca 600-400 BC. By means of the present case study, we demonstrate the significance of this particular type of investigation in yielding complementary data for understanding the character of prehistoric settlements. In conclusion, we point out that geophysical methods should play a more important role in modern archaeological field research, as they furnish a class of documentation not achievable by traditional survey and excavation methods, thus creating new perspectives for interpreting the past of African societies.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Two Herbs of Baijiangcao: Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trev. and Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-517
Author(s):  
Yangcheng Liu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Changlan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Patrinia Scabiosaefolia ◽  
Antiviral Activities

Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. Trev. and Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss, are two species of Patrinia recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia with the same Chinese name “Baijiangcao” and similar therapeutic effect in traditional Chinese medicine. The present article is the first comprehensive review on the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of these herbs. In this review, data on chemical constituents and pharmacological profile of the two herbs are provided. This review discusses all the classes of the 223 compounds (phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenes, saponins and volatile components, etc.) detected in the two herbs providing information on the current state of knowledge of the phytochemicals present in them. In the past three years, our research group has isolated and identified about more than 100 ingredients from the two herbs. Therefore, we published a systematic review of our research papers and studies on the two herbs were carried out using resources such as classic books about Chinese herbal medicine and scientific databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, SciFinder, CNKI. etc. The present review discusses the most thoroughly studied pharmacological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitumor and antiviral activities) of the two herbs. This comprehensive review will be informative for scientists searching for new properties of these herbs and will be important and significant for the discovery of bioactive compounds from the two herbs and in complete utilization of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trev. and Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss.

Movie Envy

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Olivier Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Movie Theatre ◽  
The Relationship

“Canadian cinema.” The term may appear self-evident but is problematic. First, one may question the value of national approaches to culture, especially here, in Quebec and Canada, where the debates over the Nation seem interminable, and especially now, in an era of globalization. Next, one may question the value of media-centered approaches to culture, especially when the successive waves of the “digital revolution” have blurred the boundaries between technologies and among artistic practices. Rather than try to survey “important” fiction films for theatres in Quebec or Canada, this essay adopts another point of view to examine the presence of cinema in Montreal museums over the past few years by focusing on three singular exhibitions. It may well be symptomatic of the current state of film in Quebec and Canada—but also, paradoxically, everywhere else—and says much about the relationship between medium and nation, the expansion of cinema beyond the movie theatre, and the internationalization of culture.

scholarly journals Multi-Task Optimization and Multi-Task Evolutionary Computation in the Past Five Years: A Brief Review

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Qingzheng Xu ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Qian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Computation ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Evolution Algorithms ◽  
Application Fields

Traditional evolution algorithms tend to start the search from scratch. However, real-world problems seldom exist in isolation and humans effectively manage and execute multiple tasks at the same time. Inspired by this concept, the paradigm of multi-task evolutionary computation (MTEC) has recently emerged as an effective means of facilitating implicit or explicit knowledge transfer across optimization tasks, thereby potentially accelerating convergence and improving the quality of solutions for multi-task optimization problems. An increasing number of works have thus been proposed since 2016. The authors collect the abundant specialized literature related to this novel optimization paradigm that was published in the past five years. The quantity of papers, the nationality of authors, and the important professional publications are analyzed by a statistical method. As a survey on state-of-the-art of research on this topic, this review article covers basic concepts, theoretical foundation, basic implementation approaches of MTEC, related extension issues of MTEC, and typical application fields in science and engineering. In particular, several approaches of chromosome encoding and decoding, intro-population reproduction, inter-population reproduction, and evaluation and selection are reviewed when developing an effective MTEC algorithm. A number of open challenges to date, along with promising directions that can be undertaken to help move it forward in the future, are also discussed according to the current state. The principal purpose is to provide a comprehensive review and examination of MTEC for researchers in this community, as well as promote more practitioners working in the related fields to be involved in this fascinating territory.

¿¿Nueva narrativa? Entrevista con David Toscana

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-362
Author(s):  
Pablo A. J. Brescia ◽  
Scott M. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Latin American Narrative ◽  
Boom Latinoamericano ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Insight Into

This interview with Mexican writer David Toscana ponders the current state of both Mexican and Latin American narrative and serves as an insight into his own works. Toscana's statements about the recurring themes in his narrative (failure, loneliness, characters put to the test, and a tendency to play with different time frames, especially in his novels) help illustrate some of the characteristics of his fiction, which, according to various critics, is one of the most promising today in Mexico. Also noteworthy are his comments about the tendency of writers from his generation (born in the 1960s and later) to reject the legacy of the "boom" writers. Toscana's own interest is to revisit history and tradition by constructing a different voice and a different vision, a new way of seeing and hearing both the past and the present. Esta entrevista con el escritor mexicano David Toscana trata de explorar el estado actual de la narrativa mexicana y latinoamericana, améén de servir como una aproximacióón a la incipiente obra de este autor. Las respuestas de Toscana sobre los temas recurrentes en su literatura (el fracaso, la soledad, los personajes sometidos a pruebas y una tendencia a proponer diferentes marcos temporales, especialmente en sus novelas) subrayan algunos rasgos de su ficcióón, la cual, segúún la críítica especializada, es una de las máás prometedoras en el panorama mexicano de hoy. De especial interéés son los comentarios de Toscana sobre la tendencia de los escritores de su generacióón a rechazar el legado del "boom" latinoamericano. Toscana reacciona contra ese rechazo y propone una voz personal que vuelva a la historia y a la tradicióón y plantee una nueva manera de ver el pasado y el presente de Mééxico.

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